• Title/Summary/Keyword: Seroconversion

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Epidemiologic Study on Hepatitis A Virus Seroprevalence in Busan

  • Cho, Kyung-Soon;Park, So-hyun
    • Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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    • v.46 no.1
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    • pp.17-21
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    • 2014
  • The prevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in a certain community reflects that community's living standard and hygienic condition. The seroprevalence rate of IgG anti-HAV has been changing with regions and times. In this study, we aimed to study the difference of seroprevalence of IgG anti-HAV according to sex, age and type of drinking water, and to know the vaccination rate and seroconversion rate for vaccinated subjects in Busan. A total of 644 samples were analyzed. The overall seroprevalence rate of IgG anti-HAV was 35.4% (228/644). There was no significant difference in sex (male 39.8%, female 32.7) (p>0.05). According to age, seroprevalence rate of anti-HAV were 55.0% in subjects aged 5~9 years old, 47.8% in 10~14 years old, decreced to 10.6% in 15~19 years old, 1.0% in 20~24 years old, 0.0% in 25~29 years old and increced with advacing ages ; 14.7% in 30~34 years old, 39.4% in 35~39 years old, 67.3% in 40~44 years old, 94.1% in 45~49 years old, 100.0% over 50 years (p<0.001). The seroprevalence of IgG anti-HAV was no statistical difference according to the types of drinking water (p>0.05). The vaccinated subject was 42 case only in below 25 years old. The seroconversion rate after vaccination was 88.1%.

Analysis of Immunogenicity after Hepatitis B Vaccination in Korea by Literature Review (문헌 분석에 의한 B형 간염 백신의 항체 양전률의 비교)

  • Roh, Hye Ok;Lee, Woo Gill;Sohn, Young Mo
    • Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.245-257
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    • 1998
  • Purpose : Although hepatitis B vaccine has been available to general population in Korea since 1983, it was difficult to compare various types of hepatitis B virus(HBV) vaccines primarily due to the differences in vaccination schedule, dosage, test methods and seropositive antibody level. In this study we reviewed the results of previous studies published in Korea, which include antibody positive rates and antibody titers of various vaccines, and examined the immunogenicity of these HBV vaccines. Methods : Studies published in medical journals, university journals concerning antibody positive rates following hepatitis B vaccination were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were those studies in which seroprotective antibody rate of 10mIU/mL or the sample ratio unit of 10 RU were used as the cut-off value and in which the test methods were RIA or ELISA. Exclusion criteria were; 1) unclear or inconsistent vaccine dosage, 2) no record of antibody titers or seroconversion rate, 3) no defined antibody rate or ratio for positive rating and 4) the vaccination schedule other than 0-1-2 months or 0-1-6 months. Results : 23 out of 52 studies were subjected for the review for seroconversion rates. 1) As for the immunogenicity in each age group, the seroconversion rates of Hepaccine(Cheil Jedang) were 85.1% in infants, 83.3% in children and 62.7% in adults, indicating higher rates in infants and children compared to adults(P<0.01). The seroconversion rates of Hepavax(Korea Green Cross) were 84.7%, 81.1% and 90.8%, indicating higher rates in infants and adults compared to children(P<0.01). 2) The seroconversion rate of Hepavax was 85.6% with 0-1-6 mo. schedule, 78.5% with 0-1-2 mo. schedule with a statistically significant difference(P<0.01). 4) There was no difference of seroconversion rates between the two doses of Hepavax, $5{\mu}g$ and $10{\mu}g$ in infants and children. 5) In adults the seroconversion rates were 62.7% with Hepaccine, 90.8% with Hepavax, and 94.8% with Engerix-B(SmithKline Beecham). Conclusion : In Korea, the incidence of chronic hepatitis B is high and changing the schedule in vaccination cannot contribute to the increase of the serocoversion rate. And in order to maximize immunogenicity, more effective vaccines as well as more proper vaccination methods should be used.

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The Comparative Analysis of the Titer of Seroconversion Rate Through the Natural Antibody and Antibody after Vaccination of Hepatitis A (A형 간염의 자연항체와 예방접종을 통한 항체 생성률의 역가 비교분석)

  • Kwon, Won Hyun;Kim, Kyung Hwa;Cho, Kyung A;Moon, Ki Choon;Kim, Jung In;Lee, In Won
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.95-100
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    • 2013
  • Purpose: Since 2008, hepatitis A patients was rapidly increasing. So, Most of the health checkup examinees were interested in whether hepatitis A antibody was a lot. thereby The number of tests was increasing. In recent years, Antibody test results in the range of cut-off values were increased. According to the cause analysis, most examinees had a hepatitis A vaccine. This study was conducted to classify hepatitis A antibody as natural antibody and antibody after vaccination and compared the titer for seroconversion rate based on cut-off values. Materials and Methods: For a month in August 2012, First, We surveyed 185 health examinees and classified 119 health examinees who had acquired natural antibody. Second, for employees who were inoculated against hepatitis at our hospital, We classified into 53 primary inoculators and 59 secondary inculators. when the standard of cut-off value was 1, The seroconversion rate was compared the titer divided by 0.90-1.10 (${\pm}$), 0.60-0,89 (1+), 0.30-0.59 (2+), 0.01-0.29 (3+) and we compared the titer for seroconversion rate by each manufacturer after vaccination. Results: When the standard of cut-off value was 1, the titer of 119 health examinees who had acquired natural antibody was 0.90-1.10 (${\pm}$): 0%, 0.60-0.89 (1+): 0%, 0.30-0.59 (2+): 4.2%, 0.01-0.29 (3+): 96% and the titer of <0.60 ($${\geq_-}2+$$) was 100%. The titer of 53 primary inoculators was 0.90-1.10 (${\pm}:59.1%$), 0.60-0.89 (1+): 18.1%, 0.30-0.59 (2+): 18.1%, 0.01-0.29 (3+): 4.6% and the seroconversion rate was 45.3%. The titer of $${\geq_-}0.60$$ ($${\leq_-}1+$$) was 77.3%. The titer of 59 secondary inoculators was 0.90-1.10 (${\pm}:1.9%$), 0.60-0.89 (1+): 15.4%, 0.30-0.59 (2+): 36.54%, 0.01-0.29 (3+): 46.2% and the seroconversion rate was 88.1%. The titer of <0.60 ($${\geq_-}2+$$) was 82.7%. When we compared the titer for seroconversion rate by each manufacturer after vaccination, the seroconversion rate of 53 primary inoculators was BNIBT: 20.8% (${\pm}:24.5%$), GB: 15.7% (${\pm}:7.8%$), RIAKEY: 94.3% (${\pm}:3.8%$), ROCHE: 83% (${\pm}:0%$), ABBOTT: 73.1% (${\pm}:5.8%$) and the seroconversion rate of 59 secondary inoculators was BNIBT : 86.4% (${\pm}:1.7%$), GB: 88.5% (${\pm}:1.9%$), RIAKEY: 100% (${\pm}:0%$), ROCHE: 98.3% (${\pm}:0%$), ABBOTT: 98.2% (${\pm}:0%$). Conclusion: The study show that the titer of natural immune antibodies is higher than the titer of vaccination and the titer of secondary inoculation is mainly higher than the titer of primary inoculation. Consequently, if we know the titer of hepatitis A antibodies, it will help to give resullt reports. And then, when we compared the titer and the seroconversion rate by each manufacturer, There was a very distinct difference. As the test subjects inoculate against hepatitis A (HAV), it is considered BNIBT, GB will occur false negative rate and RIAKEY, ROCHE, ABOTT will occur false positive rate.

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Survey of Seroconversion Rates against Hantavirus in Laboratory Rodents

  • Woo, Young-Dae;Park, Sang-Wook;Bae, Hyung-Joon;Moon, Hi-Joo;Cho, Kyu-Bong
    • Biomedical Science Letters
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.99-103
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    • 2003
  • Hantavirus are rodent-borne RNA virus that belongs to the family Bunyaviridae. Those viruses persistently infect a variety of rodents, and are transmitted by aerosols of their urine, feces and saliva. Antibody titers of sera obtained from normal laboratory rodents against hantaviruses were investigated by indirect immunofluorscence antibody technique (IFA), Seroconversion rates of normal laboratory rodents showed higher in rats than that from hamster and mongolian (M). gerbil. Theses rates of normal laboratory rodents also showed higher in titers against puumala virus (PUUV) than in hantaan (HTNV) and seoul virus (SEOV). We are concerned about infections caused by hantaviruses, especially by PUUV, occurred in laboratory rodents.

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Comparison of Therapeutic Efficacy between Lamivudine and Alpha-Interferon in Korean Children with Chronic Hepatitis B at Two Years after the Initiation of Treatment (소아 만성 B형 간염 환아에서 라미부딘과 알파 인터페론의 치료효과 비교 : 치료 시작 후 2년 경과 시점 비교)

  • Choe, Byung-Ho;Jang, You Cheol;Jang, Chang Hwan;Oh, Ki Won;Lee, Jun Hwa;Ko, Cheol Woo
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.48 no.1
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    • pp.55-62
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    • 2005
  • Purpose : We compared the therapeutic efficacy of lamivudine and alpha-interferon in children with chronic hepatitis B two years after the initiation of treatment, so that we could verify the safety and long term efficacy of lamivudine in children. Methods : We prospectively studied 44 children(32 male and 12 female; age, 1-18 years, mean, 9 years) treated for chronic hepatitis B from September 1996 to June 2004 in Kyungpook National University Hospital in Korea. Twenty three children were treated with interferon, and 21 with lamivudine. Treatment efficacy was defined as the normalization of ALT and hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA levels, loss of HBsAg and HBeAg seroconversion at two years after the initiation of treatment. Results : Among the 23 children treated with interferon, the ALT level normalized in 10 children(43 %) and HBV DNA was undetectable in 12 children(52%). HBsAg was undetectable in one child (4 %) and HBeAg seroconversion occurred in nine children(39%) two years after the initiation of treatment. In comparison, among the 21 children treated with lamivudine, ALT normalized in 20 children (95%), HBV DNA in 19(90%), HBsAg in 5(24%), and HBeAg seroconversion occurred in 13(62%). Above all, in the lamivudine treated group under the age of seven, HBeAg and HBsAg seroconversion occurred in six(75%) and five(63%) out of the eight children respectively, which showed superior HBsAg seroconversion rate if treated in preschool aged children. Conclusion : We believe that the therapeutic efficacy of lamivudine in children with chronic hepatitis B could be better than interferon with fewer side effects, especially in preschool aged children.

Immune responses of hepatitis B vaccination among very low birth weight infant (극소 저출생체중아의 영아기 B형 간염 항체 생성률 조사)

  • Kim, Young-Deuk;Han, Myung-Ki;Kim, Ai-Rhan E.;Kim, Ki-Soo;Pi, Soo-Young
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.49 no.8
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    • pp.857-863
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    • 2006
  • Purpose : To evaluate the immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine among very low birth weight infants(VLBWI) who were vaccinated at 0, 1, 6 months of chronological age and to determine the factors associated with antibody formations. Methods : A total of 243 VLBWI admitted to Seoul and Gangneung Asan Medical Center neonatal intensive care units from 1997 to 2004 were included. Of 243, 13 infants were born to HBs Ag positive mother. All infants were given DNA recombinant vaccine at 0, 1, and 6 months of chronological age. Infants born to HBs Ag positive mothers received hepatitis B immunoglobulin at birth and a total of 4 doses of vaccinations. An antibody level over 10 mIU/mL, tested at 3-4 months after last vaccination, was regarded as a positive seroconversion. Results : The seroconversion rates were 84.4 percent and 84.5 percent for VLBWI and extremely low birth weight infants(ELBWI), respectively. Of 28 seronegative infants who were given revaccinations, 60.7 percent seroconverted, resulting in 95.3 percent, 97.5 percent seroconversion rates for VLBWI and ELBWI, respectively. 76.9 percent of infants born to HBsAg positive mothers seroconverted and none became hepatitis B carriers. Factors such as gestational age, sex, various neonatal illness, and kinds of vaccinations did not influence the formation of the hepatits B antibody, however, the higher the weight at time of first vacciation yielded better seroconversion rate. Conclusion : Revaccination of seronegative VLBWI after 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccinaton is very effective. Therefore, testing the immune status after the hepatitis B vaccination, a practice not routinely done, is highly recommended.

The Comparison of Interferon-${\alpha}$ Treatment by Dosages and Retreatment for Chronic Hepatitis B in Children (소아 만성 B형 간염 환아에서 Interferon-${\alpha}$의 용량 차이 및 재치료에 따른 치료 효과 비교)

  • Jang, Chang-Hwan;Lee, Kyung-Hee;Hwang, Wi-Kyung;Oh, Ki-Won;Park, Woo-Saeng;Lee, Jun-Hwa;Ko, Cheol-Woo;Choe, Byung-Ho
    • Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.152-160
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    • 2003
  • Purpose: We compared the therapeutic efficacy of low dose with that of standard dose of interferon (IFN) treatment and also compared the first IFN treatment with retreatment. Methods: We have studied 51 children (age, 2~14) treated for chronic hepatitis B from March 1990 to August 1999. Twenty seven children had been treated with $3\;MU/m^2$ ($2.66{\pm}0.66\;MU/m^2$) of IFN-${\alpha}$ three times a week for 6 months (range, 6~12 months), whereas 24 children with $6\;MU/m^2$ ($4.45{\pm}0.94\;MU/m^2$). There was no significant difference in gender, age, initial ALT and HBV DNA levels between each comparative group. Results: Among the 27 children treated with $3\;MU/m^2$ of IFN, ALT level had normalized in 11 children (41%) and anti-HBe seroconversion occurred in 9 children (33%) one year after the initiation of treatment. In comparison, among the 24 children treated with $6\;MU/m^2$ of IFN, ALT normalized in 12 children (50%) and anti-HBe seroconversion occurred in 7 children (29%). In comparing the first treatment group to retreatment group, ALT level had normalized in 23 children (45%) and anti-HBe seroconversion occurred in 16 children (31%) among the 51 children treated with the first course of IFN treatment. In comparison, ALT normalized and anti-HBe seroconversion occurred in 3 children (25%) among the retreated 12 children. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the therapeutic efficacies between $3\;MU/m^2$ and $6\;MU/m^2$ dose of IFN treated groups in ALT normalization and anti-HBe seroconversion. The retreatment efficacy of IFN-${\alpha}$ was as effective as the first treatment.

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Efficacy of Lamivudine Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis B in Children (소아 만성 B형 간염 환아에서 라미부딘의 치료 효과)

  • Lee, Eun-Hye;Jang, Joo-Young;Kim, Kyung-Mo
    • Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.130-136
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    • 2008
  • Purpose: Lamivudine is known to be effective for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in adults. However, data on lamivudine therapy in pediatrics is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and durability of lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B in Korean children. Methods: A total of 44 children (27 males and 17 females, ages 6 months to 14.8 years, mean age 6.7 years) with chronic hepatitis B who received lamivudine (3 mg/kg/day, max 100 mg) for at least 12 months were enrolled. We evaluated the serum AST, ALT and serological HBV markers (HBsAg and anti-HBs, HBeAg and anti HBe, and HBV DNA) periodically. Predictive three year cumulative seroconversion rates were obtained using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Twenty one (48%) of 44 children achieved seroconversion of HBeAg by three years, while 23 (42%) children did not. HBV DNA was cleared in 34 (77%) children and the serum ALT levels were normalized in 41 children (93%). The three year cumulative seroconversion rates were 60% for HBeAg, and the clearance rates were 76% for HBV DNA. Eighteen children who discontinued lamivudine after HBeAg seroconversion maintained the therapeutic response for three years (treatment duration 13~58 months mean 24 months). Viral breakthrough developed in 12 children (27%) during the therapy and the YMDD mutation was documented in 11 children (25%). The mean duration for the development of a mutation was 22.7 months. Loss of HBsAg occurred in 6 children (14%). The pretreatment ALT levels were higher in responders; however, the differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that lamivudine treatment had a favorable effect and durable therapeutic response in children with chronic hepatitis B. Long term follow-up and alternative therapy are warranted for those patients who do not respond to this treatment.

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Assessment of Influenza Vaccine Immunogenicity in Immunocompromized Host During 2009 Influenza Season: A Single Institution Experience (면역저하환자에서 인플루엔자백신의 면역원성 평가)

  • Kim, Dong Hwan;Song, Bong Sup;Lee, Jun Ah;Kim, Dong Ho
    • Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2012
  • Purpose : Although influenza is regarded as one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in children with cancer, the actual vaccine coverage remains poor. We conducted evaluation of immunogenicity and safety of influenza vaccine in children with cancer. Methods : In this study, 25 children with cancer who received influenza vaccine (SK influenza IX vaccine$^{(R)}$) at the Korea Cancer Center Hospital between October and December 2009 were analyzed. Blood samples of patients were collected twice (at the beginning of this study and at 30th day after vaccination) and their antibody titers were measured using the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assay. Immunogenicity of the influenza vaccine was assessed by seroprotection rate on days 0 and 30, seroconversion rate on day 30, and mean fold increase (MFI) of geometric mean titer (GMT) of HI between days 0 and 30. Results : Any of the subjects in our study did not experienced serious adverse events after influenza vaccination. Seroprotection rates were 68% for H1N1, 40% for H3N2, and 36% for B. Seroconversion rates were 12% for H1N1, 16% for H3N2, and 20% for B. MFIs were 0.9 for H1N1, 1.2 for H3N2, and 1.8 for B. Conclusion : In the study, we found a limited protective immune response to influenza vaccine, among subjects with cancer. However, some subjects showed seroconversion, and there were no severe adverse events among all subjects, supporting the recommendation of annual influenza vaccination in children with cancer.

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Cytomegalovirus Infection among Pregnant Women in Beijing: Seroepidemiological Survey and Intrauterine Transmissions

  • Jin, Qing'e;Su, Jianrong;Wu, Shanna
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.27 no.5
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    • pp.1005-1009
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    • 2017
  • Primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during pregnancy can cause congenital defects. Available data for CMV infection during pregnancy in north China are inadequate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of maternal CMV infection and explore the incidence of congenital infection. In this prospective study, serum CMV IgG and IgM antibodies were measured in 2,887 pregnant women using ELISA, and the IgG avidity test was performed on all IgM-positive subjects. The seroprevalence of anti-CMV IgG was 94.70%, and of anti-CMV IgM was 1.28%. CMV IgG prevalence increased significantly with age (p < 0.01). Women living in downtown areas showed higher IgG prevalence than those residing in urban areas (p = 0.023). CMV-IgM seroprevalence was highest in autumn (p = 0.021). There was no difference in IgM seroprevalence by age, socioeconomic status, geographical area, or gravida. The rate of primary CMV infection was 0.45% (13/2,887) at the first trimester. The seroconversion rate during pregnancy was 0.76% (22/2,887). One woman underwent seroconversion during pregnancy and gave birth to an infant with asymptomatic CMV infection. Congenital CMV infection was diagnosed in five of the 14 infants from 14 mothers with active infection, for a vertical transmission rate of 35.71% (5/14). Three infants were asymptomatic, whereas two infants presented symptomatic infection with hearing deficits. Although CMV IgG prevalence is relatively high in north China, significant attention to primary CMV infection during pregnancy is still needed.