• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2011

현재 VK(Visible Korean) 프로젝트의 인체 연속절단 영상을 이용한 해부학 분야의 다양한 연구가 진행중이다. 이러한 관점에서 VK 영상 데이터의 정확한 인체 정보 재현이 날로 중요해지고 있다. 이와 관련하여 VK 영상의 시상면 및 관상면에 존재하는 절단무늬 제거를 위한 연구들이 있었다. 하지만, 진행 과정에서 급격한 주파수 변화에 따른 울림 현상이 공통으로 발생하였다. 또한, 절단무늬가 제거되지 않은 원본영상과의 병합으로 절단무늬가 다시 재현되는 문제가 있었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 먼저 FFT 및 놋치필터 적용에 효과적인 색공간을 찾고자 하였다. 이를 위해, RGB, LAB, CMYK, HSV, HSL 색공간을 이용하였다. 다음으로, 놋치 필터 개선을 통해 울림 현상을 제거 및 완화하고자 하였다. 이를 검증하기 위해 원본 영상을 대상으로 하여 선행 연구와 제안 방법을 가시적인 접근과 객관적인 수치를 통해 비교하였다. 이러한 연구를 통해 더욱 실제 인체 정보를 유지한 데이터를 재현할 수 있어서 앞으로 VK 관련 연구에 긍정적으로 작용할 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국과학예술포럼
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• 제25권
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• pp.379-388
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• 2016

인체연속절단 영상은 관상면, 시상면 영상으로 재구성할 경우 절단무늬가 발생한다. 이러한 문제는 FFT(Fast Fourier Transform)와 놋치필터를 이용하여 제거할 수 있었지만 놋치필터의 사용으로 급격한 주파수 변화에 따른 파문현상의 발생은 여전히 문제로 남아 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 놋치필터의 다양한 형태와 효과를 알아보고 인체연속절단면 영상에 적합한 놋치필터 설계를 제안하고자 한다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 방사형-놋치필터를 사용할 경우 상대적으로 절단무늬를 자연스럽게 보정할 수 있다. 둘째, 방사형-놋치 필터를 사용으로 파문현상이 상대적으로 줄어들었다. 향후 이러한 연구 결과와 더욱 진전된 후속 연구를 통해 파문현상을 완전히 제거하고, 실제 인체 정보에 근접한 데이터를 재현할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 치과방사선
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 1992

The temporomandibular joint was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging using a urface coil in 11 patients having reciprocal clicking or locking and compared with the normal joint in five subjects. Serial multisection 3㎜-thick parasagittal, paracoronal, and axial image on both closing and opening mouth were obtained with a 1.5 Tesla MR system and surface coil using CSMEMP, GRASS, MPGR, powerful extensions of fast imaging that is currently under clinical evaluation. MR images obtained were analized correlating with the theory of internal derangement. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The serial findings of structures in joint were determined on the serially sectioned images of joint with reciprocal clicking or locking by CSMEMP and MPGR on closing mouth. 2. The delta shaped white images of synovial fluid in the glenoid fossa and on the posterior surface of condyle were revealed on the parasagittal images by MPGR on opening mouth as in the normal joints. 3. The white image of joint fluid surrounding meniscus was recognized on the paracoronal image by GRASS on opening mouth as in the normal joints. 4. In joints having temporomandibular dysfunction the smooth image of displaced meniscus was recognized, but otherwise in the normal joints the image of muscle was noted on the paracoronal image sectioned at the anterior portion of condyle by GRASS. 5. The more thickened fascial plane between superior and inferior belly of lateral pterygoid muscle was not recognizable in joints having temporomandibular dysfunction than in the normal joints.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.1126-1134
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• 2017

A variety of medical service applications in the field of the Internet of Things (IoT) are being studied. Segmentation is important to identify meaningful regions in images and is also required in 3D images. Previous methods have been based on gray value and shape. The Visible Korean dataset consists of serially sectioned high-resolution color images. Unlike computed tomography or magnetic resonance images, automatic segmentation of color images is difficult because detecting an object's boundaries in colored images is very difficult compared to grayscale images. Therefore, skilled anatomists usually segment color images manually or semi-automatically. We present an out-of-core 3D segmentation method for large-scale image datasets. Our method can segment significant regions in the coronal and sagittal planes, as well as the axial plane, to produce a 3D image. Our system verifies the result interactively with a multi-planar reconstruction view and a 3D view. Our system can be used to train unskilled anatomists and medical students. It is also possible for a skilled anatomist to segment an image remotely since it is difficult to transfer such large amounts of data.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1998년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.57-59
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• 1998

For medical students and doctors, knowledge of the three-dimensional (3D) structure of brain is very important in diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases. Two-dimensional (2D) tools (ex: anatomy book) or traditional 3D tools (ex: plastic model) are not sufficient to understand the complex structures of the brain. However, it is not always guaranteed to dissect the brain of cadaver when it is necessary. To overcome this problem, the virtual dissection programs of the brain have been developed. However, most programs include only 2D images that do not permit free dissection and free rotation. Many programs are made of radiographs that are not as realistic as sectioned cadaver because radiographs do not reveal true color and have limited resolution. It is also necessary to make the virtual dissection programs of each race and ethnic group. We attempted to make a virtual dissection program using a 3D image of the brain from a Korean cadaver. The purpose of this study is to present an educational tool for those interested in the anatomy of the brain. The procedures to make this program were as follows. A brain extracted from a 58-years old male Korean cadaver was embedded with gelatin solution, and serially sectioned into 1.4 mm-thickness using a meat slicer. 130 sectioned specimens were inputted to the computer using a scanner ($420\times456$ resolution, true color), and the 2D images were aligned on the alignment program composed using IDL language. Outlines of the brain components (cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, lentiform nucleus, caudate nucleus, thalamus, optic nerve, fornix, cerebral artery, and ventricle) were manually drawn from the 2D images on the CorelDRAW program. Multimedia data, including text and voice comments, were inputted to help the user to learn about the brain components. 3D images of the brain were reconstructed through the volume-based rendering of the 2D images. Using the 3D image of the brain as the main feature, virtual dissection program was composed using IDL language. Various dissection functions, such as dissecting 3D image of the brain at free angle to show its plane, presenting multimedia data of brain components, and rotating 3D image of the whole brain or selected brain components at free angle were established. This virtual dissection program is expected to become more advanced, and to be used widely through Internet or CD-title as an educational tool for medical students and doctors.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.134-139
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• 2016

Detailed structural and molecular imaging of intact organs has incurred academic interest because the associated technique is expected to provide innovative information for biological investigation and pathological diagnosis. The conventional methods for volume imaging include reconstruction of images obtained from serially sectioned tissues. This approach requires intense manual work which involves inevitable uncertainty and much time to assemble the whole image of a target organ. Recently, effective tissue clearing techniques including CLARITY and ACT-PRESTO have been reported that enables visualization of molecularly labeled structures within intact organs in three dimensions. The central principle of the methods is transformation of intact tissue into an optically transpicuous and macromolecule permeable state without loss of intrinsic structural integrity. The rapidly evolving protocols enable morphological analysis and molecular labeling of normal and pathological characteristics in large assembled biological systems with single-cell resolution. The deep tissue volume imaging will provide fundamental information about mutual interaction among adjacent structures such as connectivity of neural circuits; meso-connectome and clinically significant structural alterations according to pathologic mechanisms or treatment procedures.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.357-360
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• 1997

For medical students and doctors, knowledge of the 3-dimensional (3D) structure of the heart is very important in diagnosis and treatment of the heart diseases. 2-dimensional (2D) tools (e.g. anatomy book) or classical 3D tools (e.g. plastic model) are not sufficient or understanding the complex structures of the heart. Moreover, it is not always guaranteed to dissect the heart of cadaver when it is necessary. To overcome this problem, virtual dissection systems of the heart have been developed. But these systems are not satisfactory since they are made of radiographs; they are not true 3D images; they can not be used to dissect freely; or they can only be operated on the workstation. It is also necessary to make the dissection systems incorporating the various races and tribes because of the organ's difference according to race and tribe. This study was intended to make the 3D image of the heart from a Korean cadaver, and to establish a virtual dissection system of the heart with a personal computer. The procedures or manufacturing this system were as follows. 1. The heart from a Korean adult cadaver was embedded with gelatin solution, and serially cross-sectioned at 1mm-thickness on a meat slicer. Pictures or 153 cross-sectioned specimens were inputted into the computer using a digital camera ($756{\times}504$ resolution, true color). 2. The alignment system was established by means of the language of IDL, and applied to align 2D images of the heart. In each of 2D images, closed curves lining clean and dirty blood pathways were drawn manually on the CorelDRAW program. 3. Using the language of IDL, the 3D image and the virtual dissection system of the heart were constructed. The virtual dissection system of the heart allowed or ree rotation, any-directional sectioning, and selected visualization of the heart's structure. This system is expected to become more advanced, and to be used widely through Internet or CD-title as an educational tool for medical students and doctors.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.416-421
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• 2010

한국과학기술정보연구원(KISTI)는 2000년부터 한국인의 고유한 인체 특징을 나타낼 수 있는 디지털코리언, 비저블 코리언이라는 한국인 인체정보 구축사업을 시작하였다. 비저블 코리언 사업은 한국인 시신에 대해 CT, MRI 영상을 촬영한 다음 연속 절단하여 절단면 영상을 얻고 이 절단면 영상에서 인체장기를 구역화하여 구역화 영상을 제작하였다. 남성 및 여성 전신과 남성 머리 및 여성 골반의 절단면영상 제작을 마쳤으며 현재 구역화 영상을 이용한 3D 영상 제작이 진행 중이다. 디지털 코리언 사업은약 100여명의 한국인 시신에 대해 촬영한 CT 영상으로 구성되어 있는데 CT 영상으로부터 개별 뼈를 구역화하여 3D 골격 모델을 제작하였고 피부 모델도 추가하였다. 또한 개별 뼈들의 기계적 물성값도 측정하여 제공하고 있다. 이러한 인체정보들은 2001년부터 국내외 연구자들에게 제공되어 왔는데 지금까지 국내 약 70여개 기관, 해외 약 20여개 기관들이 한국인의 인체 데이터를 제공받아 연구 활동을 진행하고 있으며 지금까지 약 160여 논문이 발표되었다. 향후에도 이러한 한국인의 인체정보는 의료 교육, 생체공학, 가상현실 등의 다양한 분야에 활용될 의료정보 인프라의 역할을 담당할 것으로 기대하고 있다.