• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.106-112
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• 2006

In this study, the genetic diversities of multi-resistant Salmonella typhimurium (ST) isolates were analyzed via the application of both pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis methods, using 6 kinds of primers (REP, ERIC, SERE, BOX, P-1254 and OPB-17). And their discriminative abilities (DA) were also compared in order to determine the most effective and reliable analysis method. 118 S. typhimurium isolates, cultured from diverse animals and human patients in Korea beginning in 1993, were analyzed and subjected to a comparison of Simpson's index of diversity (SID), using both PFGE and PCR methods. PFGE by XbaI enzyme digestion allowed for discrimination into 9 pulsotypes, with high SID values (0.991) on the genomic DNA level. This shows that PFGE is a very discriminative genotypic tool, and also that multiple clones of S. typhimurium isolates had existed in domestic animals and humans in Korea since 1993. However, we could ultimately not to trace the definitive sources or animal reservoirs of specific S. typhimurium isolates examined in this study. Depending on the SID values, the combined method (7 kinds of method) was found to be the most discriminative method, followed by (in order) SERE-PCR, REP-PCR, ERIC-PCR, PFGE & OPB-17 (RAPD), P-1254 (RAPD), and BOX-PCR at the $80\%$ clone cut-off value. This finding suggests that the REP-PCR method (which utilizes 4 primer types) may be an alternative tool to PFGE for the genotyping of S. typhimurium isolates, with comparable cost, time, and labor requirement. The establishment of a highly reliable and discriminatory method for epidemiologic analysis is considered necessary in order for researchers to trace the sources of specific pathogens and, consequently, to control and prevent the spread of epidemic S. typhimurium isolates to humans.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.90-98
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• 2005

To investigate the vegetation structure of the Woraksan National Park, twenty-two plots were set up and surveyed. According to the analysis of classification by TWINSP AN, the communities were divided by six groups; Pinus densiflora-Quercus serrata, Q. mongolica-Q. serrata, Q. mongolica-Betula davueica, P. densiflora-Q. mongolica, Q. mongolica, Q. mongolica-Acer pseudosieboldianum. Successional sere of the forest vegetation in the surveyed area were proeeding from Pinus densiflora to Quercus serrata, Quercus monogolica in the canopy layer group and from Rhododendron Rhododendron schlippenbachii to Fraxinus sieboldiana and Acer pseudosieboldianum in the understory layer group. But Q. mongolica might be edaphic climax species in some area.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.11-26
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• 1999

As the social change has been occured by industrialization and urbanization, making valuable family culture has come to be a social task. The development of family culture education program is required to create future - oriented family culture. This study aims at searching for the direction of family culture education program in Korea development to sere creating desirable family culture. For this study the concepts of family culture and family culture education were defined and the characteristics and problems of Korean family culture were discussed. Based on these discussion, the direction of family culture educational program was proposed. The directions of Korean family culture education program were suggested promotion communitarian consciousness, balancing between traditional and modern value, creating democratization among generations and genders, eqyipping with constructive communication channel, and encouraging autonomy and creativity. To work out these directions, appropriate and educational model should be mobilized to incilude whole family.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.1119-1124
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• 2006

Height-growth analysis was used to examine forest structure and compare Pterocarya rhoifolia and Fraxinus spaethiana growth characteristics within and between each species in two P. rhoifolia-dominant and two F. spaethiana established contemporaneously in the sere, species vertical stratification 25 years after stand initiation was such that P. rhoifolia dominated the overstory but F. spaethiana the understory, including that P. rhoifolia grew about 4 times more rapidly Similarly, F. spaethiana dominated the overstory but not the understory, in a stand where it established mainly by itself, 25 years after Initiation. However, comparing the two different stands, P. rhoifolia overstory heights were about two times greater than F. spaethiana. This suggests that in a disturbance regime, forest regeneration is affected by height-growth patterns such that P. rhoifolia's ability to achieverapid height growth allows it to dominate where lights growth allows it to dominate where light resources are continuously abundant.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.207-211
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• 1996

To investigate the serum neutralizing antibodies against Ibaraki disease virus in the western area of Kyunggi province, a sero-epidemiological survey was done from August 1995 to March 1996. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. An overall prevalence of the neutralizing antibodies agaist Ibaraki virus was as high as 68.6% (218 positive reactors amomg 318 heads of dairy cattle). 2. It showed the regional differences with 60.5${\ulcorner}$(46/76) in Koyang, 75.2% (100/133) in Paju and 66.1% (72/109) in Kimpo. 3. It also appeared with a seasonal difference showing 74.4% of prevalence with the mean titer higher than 60 during the mosquito season (from August to November) and 58.6% of prevalence with the mean titer 22 after the mosquito season to March. 4. Any cross reactions between Ibaraki and bluetongue viruses were not detected in the ELISA and AGID tests.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.275-283
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• 1995

Seral changes in floristic composition during abandoned field succession after shifting cultivation was investigated in eastern Kangwon-Do, Korea. According to the DCA ordination based on the floristic composition, sere of the dominant species was shown as follows: Digitaria sanguinalis, Persicaria spp., Commelina communis etc. in the annual stage (0∼1 years); Erigeron spp., Artemisia spp., Rubus crataegus etc. in the Erigeron-Artemisia stage (2∼6 years); Pinus densiflora, Salix spp., Miscanthus sinensis, Arundinella hirta etc. in the shrub - earlier tree stage (10∼25 years); P. densiflora, Quercus mongolica, Spodiopogon sibiricus etc. in the mid-tree stage (25∼50 years); Q. mongolica, Tripterigium regelii, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Carex siderosticta etc. in the latter tree stage (50∼80 years). In mid-tree stage, size-frequency distribution of P. densiflora was plotted as a platycurtic curve and that of Q. mongolica as a reverse J-shaped curve, which meant P. densiflora was thinned through interspecific competition and Q. mongolica was regenerated by itself in the later tree stage.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.483-496
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• 2013

In this study, we investigated the structure of the mathematics education scholars' co-authorship relationship in papers registered at the National Research Foundation of Korea by social network analysis. The data were 354 scholars from 257 papers in 4 journals from 2009 to 2013 based on 'the 2009 revised Korean National Curriculum'. For the analysis, Pajek3 and UCINET6.3 were used. The results of this study were as follows: First, each of the mathematics education scholars is connected on average with about 5 paths of intermediate collaborators. Second, Analyses of the first component group found distinguishable scholar groups' characteristics depending on their affiliations, majors, and job statuses. Third, there were scholars having high values in network degree centrality measures despite not having high numbers in published papers. On the contrary, there sere scholars having high numbers in published papers despite not having high values in network analysis. Finally, I suggested the directions for the future research with the limitations of this study.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.37-51
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• 1974

Three strains which accumulated large quantities of L-hlutamic acid as the chief product of metabolism in the presence of glucose and inorhanic ammonium salt under the aerobic condition sere newly isolated. These strains have the general characters as follows: Gram-positive, short fod-shaped, non-sporulating, non-motile, and facultative anaerobe. A change of cell shates was not almost observed in their life cycles and neither a phenomenon of cell-elongation nor a pleomorphism was recognized in any cases. Together with rigid stability in Gram-stain, these characters as above indicated evidences that newly isolates would belong to genus Brevibacterium clearly differentiated from genus Corynebacterium. At the same time the newly isolates, in addition to nutritional requirement of biotin and thiamine, showed the distinctive character of requirement of special amino acid such as histidine or cysteine for their considerable growth. These physiological characters including nitrates reduction, reaction on milk, and slow formation of acid from sugar also were useful in confirming that these bacteria would be Brevibacterium ammoniagenes.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.161-183
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• 2000

This empirical research examines the effects of organizational service-orientation on business performance such as employee satisfaction, customer satisfaction and financial performance comprehensively. The service-orientation has been considered very importantly for delivering excellent service quality and customer value in many existing studies. Also service type's arbitrating effects on the relationship between service-orientation factors and business performance are investigated in this research. The data were collected from employees in hospitals and fast-foods with the questionnaire. And the several statistical methods were used for analysing. Consequently we could find that the comprehensive service-orientation factors gave the significant effects on the business performance. And service type's arbitrating effects sere apparent. It was revealed that the customization of service package and the customers' influence on service process must be considered as the important variables which have the significant effects on business performance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1999.03a
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• pp.39-44
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to extract emotional dimensions from Korean adjectives relating to apartment noise. Noise-related 296 Korean adjectives were extracted from a dictionary and three evaluators selected 96 adjectives from those by removing very similar ones in meaning. Two types of 96 7-point scales were conducted to college students for evaluation, whether each adjective describes apartment noise appropriately. From this evaluation, 28 adjectives having above 4.5 points were selected. Again, 8 different types of 7-point scales on 378 adjective pairs(28 x 27/2) were administrated to separate college students to evaluate the degree of similarity between 28 adjectives. Based upon this evaluation, 14 adjectives were finally selected and scores on similarity sere analyzed through two different statistical analyses (Multi-dimensional scale and Cluster analysis). The results showed that three dimensions (displeasure, sensitivity and perceived loudness) exist in peoples' emotional response state to apartment noise. The previous studies have treated annoyance and sensitivity as separate measures to noise. However, this study showed that these two factors were on the same emotional dimension labeled as 'sensitivity' In addition, new dimension, labeled as 'displeasure', was found.