• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.25-35
• /
• 2005

This study analyzed total concentrations and existing forms of heavy metals in soils of Ulsan using a sequential extraction method. Soil samples were collected from 6 categorized areas including green, residential, heavy traffic, petrochemical industrial complex(IC), mechanical and shipbuilding IC, and non-ferrous metal IC areas. which represent different emission characteristics. The highest total concentrations of heavy metals by a sequential extraction analysis were observed in the soils collected from the non-ferrous metal IC area, followed by the mechanical and shipbuilding IC and heavy traffic areas. Dominant(> 50%) existing forms of Cd, Cr and Ni were residual forms followed by Fe and Mn oxides in almost areas. Residual fractions in the non-ferrous metal IC areas were relatively lower than those in other areas. However, the fractions of organic and sulphides in the IC areas were higher. The dominant farms of Cu were much different with the investigated areas. In most areas, the dominant forms of Pb and Zn were Fe and Mn oxides, followed by residual fraction for Pb. The exchangeable and carbonate fractions represent mobility of metallic elements in soils. They are also significantly affected by the environmental renditions, such as pHs of soil and rainfall. In this study the exchangeable and carbonate fractions were lower than other fractions. Because the total concentrations of heavy metals in the soils of the non-ferrous metal IC area were extremely high, however, the mobile fractions of heavy metals in the IC area would be significant. Thus a large amount of heavy metals can be released into plants, water bodies, and soils. Therefore, urgent measures, such as source control for soil remediation of heavy metals, in the non-ferrous metal IC areas are essentially required. Analysis results obtained from the sequential extraction and the aqua regia extraction showed a high correlation, whose determination coefficients(R2) of heavy metals except Cd approximately ranged from 0.7 to 0.9.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.6 no.5
• /
• pp.85-95
• /
• 2005

This study proposes a method of feature point extraction using scale-space filtering and a feature point tracking algorithm based on a texturedness similarity comparison, With well-defined operators one can select a scale parameter for feature point extraction; this affects the selection and localization of the feature points and also the performance of the tracking algorithm. This study suggests a feature extraction method using scale-space filtering, With a change in the camera's point of view or movement of an object in sequential images, the window of a feature point will have an affine transform. Traditionally, it is difficult to measure the similarity between correspondence points, and tracking errors often occur. This study also suggests a tracking algorithm that expands Shi-Tomasi-Kanade's tracking algorithm with texturedness similarity.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.1390-1403
• /
• 2016

Facial expression recognition (FER) plays a very significant role in computer vision, pattern recognition, and image processing applications such as human computer interaction as it provides sufficient information about emotions of people. For video-based facial expression recognition, depth cameras can be better candidates over RGB cameras as a person's face cannot be easily recognized from distance-based depth videos hence depth cameras also resolve some privacy issues that can arise using RGB faces. A good FER system is very much reliant on the extraction of robust features as well as recognition engine. In this work, an efficient novel approach is proposed to recognize some facial expressions from time-sequential depth videos. First of all, efficient Local Binary Pattern (LBP) features are obtained from the time-sequential depth faces that are further classified by Generalized Discriminant Analysis (GDA) to make the features more robust and finally, the LBP-GDA features are fed into Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) to train and recognize different facial expressions successfully. The depth information-based proposed facial expression recognition approach is compared to the conventional approaches such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Independent Component Analysis (ICA), and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) where the proposed one outperforms others by obtaining better recognition rates.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.112-122
• /
• 2013

Current status of soil contamination with fluorine and its source were investigated. The basic principles and procedures of various techniques for the analysis of fluorine contents in soil and solid phase samples were summarized in this review. Analysis of fluorine in solid matrices can be achieved by two types of techniques: (i) UV/Vis spectrophotometer or ion selective electrode (ISE) analysis after performing appropriate extraction steps and (ii) direct solid analysis. As the former cases, the standard method of Korean ministry of environment, alkali fusion-ISE method, pyrohydrolysis, oxygen bomb combustion, aqua regia digestion-automatic analysis, and sequential extraction-ISE method were introduced. In addition, direct analysis methods (i.e., X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and proton induced gamma-ray emission spectrometry) and atomic spectrometry combining with the equipment for introducing solid phase sample were also reviewed. Fluorine analysis techniques can be reasonably selected through site-specific information such as matrix condition, contamination level, the amount of samples and the principles of various methods for the analysis of fluorine presented in this review.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.7.1-7.7
• /
• 2020

In this paper, we present few technical notes about the distance distribution paradigm for Mosaab-metric using 1, 2, and 3 grams feature extraction techniques to analyze composite data points in high dimensional feature spaces. This technical analysis will help the specialist in bioinformatics and biotechnology to deeply explore the biodiversity of influenza virus genome as a composite data point. Various technical examples are presented in this paper, in addition, the integrated statistical learning pipeline to process segmented genomes of influenza virus is illustrated as sequential-parallel computational pipeline.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 1993

The inhibitory effect of cacao bean husk (CBH) extract on glucosyltransferase(GTasc) from Streptococcus mutans B13 was investigated. Water solube extract from CBH showeda sarong inhibitory effect (88-89%) on GTase from Streptococcus mutans Bl3. GTase inhibitors from sequential extraction by hot water or water-methanol had the strongest inhibition. Sources, fermentation, and types of solvents and fumigation processes did not influence the effect. These active compounds proved to be polyphones through acid hydrolytic analysis of the precipitates by ammonium sulfate or ethanol and proteinase K. It was also confirmed by additional column chromatography of Sephadex G-50, Sephadex LH-20 and DEAE-Sephdex A-50.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.7 no.8
• /
• pp.1802-1808
• /
• 2003

In this paper, we propose a method about the extraction of the pedestrian tracking trajectory in the road and we used the method of mosaic background extraction and adaptive neural network for automatic pedestrian tracking system. We used mosaic background extraction to overcome ghost phenomenon. And we detected pedestrian using differential image analysis. We used adaptive neural network for multiple pedestrian tracking that non­rigid form moving. The ART2 network is capable of detecting the mass­centers of moving objects within one frame. The history of neurons positions in the sequential frames approximates the traces of the targets. The experiments done with the network in simulated environment show promising results.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.53 no.4
• /
• pp.337-346
• /
• 2020

This study was carried out to evaluate the applicability of the soil washing process to remediation mercury-contaminated mine tailing or solid material (soil and sediments etc.) around abandoned mines. First, the physicochemical characteristics of mine tailing were analyzed through particle size analysis and sequential extraction. Secondly, laboratory scale washing experiments were performed using hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, potassium iodide and sodium thiosulfate. As a results of particle size analysis, mine tailing particle were concentrated below 40 mesh and the particle size below 200 mesh was the most analyzed. As a result of sequential extraction, elemental mercury fraction was analyzed as the highest with 69.12%, with strongly bound fraction 15.25% and residual and HgS fractions 11.97%, respectively. Laboratory scale washing experiments showed low applicability for nitric acid and sodium thiosulfate solutions. In case of hydrochloric acid solution, it was analyzed that mercury removal was possible at particle size of 200 mesh or more. Therefore, it is considered to be performed together with the physical sorting process. Potassium iodide solution was analyzed to have high washing efficiency at all concentrations and particle sizes. In particular, the mercury removal efficiency is high in the micro particles, and thus the applicability of the washing technology is the highest.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.27-32
• /
• 2003

To understand the chemical structure of sewer sludge in comparison with commercial compost and charcoal used as a soil improver, it was carried out to analyse their ash contents and metal ions, and to elucidate the chemical structure of their residuals after a sequential treatment of alcohol-benzene(1:2) extraction in Soxhlet, 3% HCl reflux and 79% H₂SO₄ hydrolysis, using CHNS analyzer and solid C-13 NMR spectrometer. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Ash content of sludge was about 46% that is higher than those of compost (17%) and charcoal (4%). 2. The residual of sludge after a sequential treatment of HCl and H₂SO₄ hydrolyses had high ash content about 23%, too. 3. The sludge seems to be suitable to the soil improver because the content of heavy metal ions in sludge was near the compost and below the organic fertilizer standard. 4. Elemental composition of sludge residual after HCl-H₂SO₄ hydrolyes was C/sub 56/H/sub 91/O/sub 12/N₂S = (C/sub 6/H/sub 10/O/sub 5/)/sub 7/(C/sub 6/H₄)/sub 7/C₂H/sub 43/O₂N₂S, similar to C/sub 103/H/sub 122/O/sub 33/N/sub 6/S = (C/sub 6/H/sub 10/O/sub 5/)/sub 6/(C/sub 6/H₄)/sub 10/C/sub 7/H/sub 22/O₃N/sub 6/S of compost. 5. The sludge residual had proved to have both considerable aliphatic and aromatic groups, but the compost residual to have mainly aliphatic groups and the charcoal to have mainly aromatic groups, through the peak analysis of solid C-13 NMR charts. 6. So, the sewer sludge is proved to have a considerable amount of aromaticity like in woody biomass containing lignin.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.168-175
• /
• 2015

This study was conducted in autumn to determine phosphorus (P) fraction in sediments of Daechung Lake, to elucidate controlling factors for sedimentary P, and to compare with the other areas. For this study, sediment samples were collected at 6 sites only once on November 2014 using ponar grab and analyzed for solid-phase P (Loosely adsorbed, Fe-bound, Al-bound, detrital apatite, and refractory organic P) by sequential extraction. Total phosphorus (TP) was relatively high in front of Daechung Dam and Hoinam where fish farm was run until 1997. The dominant sedimentary P form was Al-bound P, followed by Fe-bound P, which could be released from sediment to water column during suboxic state. Based on principal component analysis, Al-bound P, Fe-bound, and TP were controlled by grain size of sediments. Loosely adsorbed, detrital apatite, and refractory organic P were relatively highly accumulated at the mouth of major tributaries where suspended sediments were delivered. Sedimentary P concentrations in Daechung Lake sediments were not higher than in other lake sediments. Therefore, based on these results, major controlling factors were grain size and input of suspended sediments from tributaries.