Browse > Article

The Partitioning Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Soils of Ulsan by Sequential Extraction Procedures  

Lee, Byeong-Kyu (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Ulsan)
Koh, Il-Ha (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Ulsan)
Kim, Haeng-Ah (University of Massachusetts)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers / v.27, no.1, 2005 , pp. 25-35 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study analyzed total concentrations and existing forms of heavy metals in soils of Ulsan using a sequential extraction method. Soil samples were collected from 6 categorized areas including green, residential, heavy traffic, petrochemical industrial complex(IC), mechanical and shipbuilding IC, and non-ferrous metal IC areas. which represent different emission characteristics. The highest total concentrations of heavy metals by a sequential extraction analysis were observed in the soils collected from the non-ferrous metal IC area, followed by the mechanical and shipbuilding IC and heavy traffic areas. Dominant(> 50%) existing forms of Cd, Cr and Ni were residual forms followed by Fe and Mn oxides in almost areas. Residual fractions in the non-ferrous metal IC areas were relatively lower than those in other areas. However, the fractions of organic and sulphides in the IC areas were higher. The dominant farms of Cu were much different with the investigated areas. In most areas, the dominant forms of Pb and Zn were Fe and Mn oxides, followed by residual fraction for Pb. The exchangeable and carbonate fractions represent mobility of metallic elements in soils. They are also significantly affected by the environmental renditions, such as pHs of soil and rainfall. In this study the exchangeable and carbonate fractions were lower than other fractions. Because the total concentrations of heavy metals in the soils of the non-ferrous metal IC area were extremely high, however, the mobile fractions of heavy metals in the IC area would be significant. Thus a large amount of heavy metals can be released into plants, water bodies, and soils. Therefore, urgent measures, such as source control for soil remediation of heavy metals, in the non-ferrous metal IC areas are essentially required. Analysis results obtained from the sequential extraction and the aqua regia extraction showed a high correlation, whose determination coefficients(R2) of heavy metals except Cd approximately ranged from 0.7 to 0.9.
Keywords
Heavy Metals; Existing Form; Soil; Sequential Extraction; Ulsan; Industrial Complex;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Hoff, R. M., Strachan, W. M. J., Sweet, C. W., Chan, C. H., Shackleton, M., Bidleman, T. F., Brice, K. A., Burniston, D. A., Cussion, S., Gatz, D. F., Harlin, K., and Schroeder, W. H., 'Atmospheric deposition of toxic chemicals to the Great Lake: A review of data through 1994,' Atmos. Environ., 30, 3505-3527(1996)   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Rautio, P., Huttunen, S., and Lamppu, J., 'Effects of sulphur and heavy metal deposition on foliar chemistry of scots pines in finnish lapland and on the Kola Peninsula,' Chemosphere, 36(4-5), 979-984(1998)   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Rauret, G., 'Extraction procedures for the determination of heavy metals in contaminated soil and sediment,' Talanta, 46, 449-455(1998)   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Usero, J., Gamero, M., Morillo, J., and Gratia, I., 'Comparative study of three sequential extraction procedures for metals in marine sediments,' Environ. Internat., 24, 487-496(1998)   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Abollino, O., Aceto, M., Malandrino, M., Mentasti, E., Sarzanini, C, and Barberis, R., 'Distribution and mobility of metals in contaminated sites, Chemometric investigation of pollutant profiles,' Environ. Pollut., 119, 177-193(2002)   DOI   ScienceOn
6 FitzPatrick, E. A., Soils : their formation, classifican and distribution, Longman Science & Technical, London, p. 353(1986)
7 Mcalpine, D. and Araki, S., 'Minamata disease: An unusual neurological disorder caused by contaminated fish,' The Lancet, 272, 629-631(1958)   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Davidson, C. M., Duncan, A. L., Littlejohn, D., Ure, A. M., and Garden, L. M., 'A critical evaluation of the three-stage BCR sequential extraction procedure to assess the potential mobility and toxicity of heavy metals in industrially-contaminated land,' Anal. Chim. Acta., 363, 45-55(1998)   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Shallari, S., Schwartz, C, Hasko, A., and Morel, J. L., 'Heavy metals in soils and plants of Serpentine and industrial sites of Albania,' Sci. Total Environ., 209, 133-142(1998)   DOI
10 Andrea, L., Benin, J., Sargent, D., Dalton, M., and Roda, S., 'High concentration of heavy metals in neighborhood near ore smelters in north Mexico,' Environ. Health Perspect., 107(4), 279-284(1999)   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Chu, K. W. and Chow, K. L., 'Synergistic toxicity of multiple heavy metals is revealed by a biological assay using a nematode and its transgenic derivative,' Aquat. Toxicol., 61(1-2), 53-64(2002)   DOI   ScienceOn
12 나덕재, 이병규,'산업도시 대기 중 PM 10의 농도 및 금속원소 성분의 특성 연구', 한국대기환경학회지, 16(1), 23 - 35 (2000)
13 Gerhardsson, L., Wester, P. O., Nordberg, G. F., and Brune, D., 'Chromium, cobalt and lanthanum in lung, liver and kidney tissue from deceased smelter workers,' Sci. Total Environ., 37, 233 246(1984)
14 Baker, D. E., 'Copper. Heavy Metals in Soils,' B. J. Alloway, Edn., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 151-176 (1990)
15 정명채,'토양중의 중금속 연속추출방법과 사례연구', 대한환경지질학회지, 27(5), 469-477(1994)
16 Harrrison, R. M., Tilling, R., Romero, M. S. C, Harrad, S., Jarvis, K., 'A study of trace metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the roadside environment,' Atmos. Environ., 37, 2391-2402(2003)   DOI   ScienceOn
17 김광구, 김경웅, 김인수, 정영욱, 민정식, '연속추출법에 의한 국내 폐광지역 광미의 중금속 특성평가', 대한환경공학회지, 21(3), 463-472 (1999)
18 Wilcke, W. and Kaupenjohann, M., 'Heavy metal distribution between soil aggregate core and surface fractions along gradients of deposition from the atmosphere,' Geoderma, 83(1-2), 55-66(1998)   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Nascarella, M. A., Stoffolano Jr, J. G., Stanek III, E. J., Kostecki, P. T., and Calabrese, E. J., 'Hormesis and stage specific toxicity induced by cadmium in an insect model, the queen blowfly Phormia regina,' Meig. Environ. Pollut., 124(2), 257-262(2003)   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Davidson, C. M., Hursthouse, A. S., Tognarelli, D. M., Ure, A. M., Graham, J., and Urquhart, G. J., 'Should acid ammonium oxalate replace hydroxylammonium chloride in step 2 of the revised BCR sequential extraction protocol for soil and sediment,' Anal. Chim. Acta, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 16 January (2004)
21 Zkov, Z. and Kockov, E., 'Biomonitoring and assessment of heavy metal contamination of streams and reservoirs in the Dyje/Thaya river basin,' Czech Republic, Water Sci. Technol., 39(12), 225-232(1999)
22 Kanti Deb, M. K., Thakur, M., Mishra, R. K., and Bo-dahankar, N., 'Assessment of atmospheric arsenic level in airborne dust particulates of un urban city of central India,' Water, Air, Soil Pollut., 140, 57-71(2002)   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Alloway, B. J., The origins of heavy metals in soils. In: Alloway, BJ (Eds.), Heavy Metals in Soil. John Wiley & Sons, 3p(2000)
24 Morera, M. T., Echeverra, J. C, Mazkiarn, C, and Garrido, J. J., 'Isotherms and sequential extraction procedures for evaluating sorption and distribution of heavy metals in soils,' Environ. Pollut., 113, 135-144(2001)   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Olajire, A. A., 'A survey of heavy metal deposition in Nigeria using the moss monitoring method,' Environ. Internat., 24(8), 951-958(1998)   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Tessier, A., Campbell, P. G. C., and Bisson, M., 'Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals,' Anal. Chem., 51, 844-850(1979)   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Yarlagadda, P. S., Matsumoto, M. R., VanBenscoten, J. E., and Kathuria, A., 'Characteristics of heavy metals in contaminated soils,' J. Environ. Eng., 121, 276-286 (1995)   DOI   ScienceOn
28 이병규, 고일하, '울산지역 토양 중의 중금속 오염도 분석연구', 대한환경공학회지, 25(11), 1436-1447 (2003)
29 Kaasalainen, M., and Yli-Halla, M., 'Use of sequential extraction to assess metal partitioning in soils,' Environ., Pollut., 126, 225-233(2003)   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Azimi, S., Ludwig, A., Thvenot, D. R., and Colin, J. L., 'Trace metal determination in total atmospheric deposition in rural and urban areas,' Sci. Total Environ., 308(1-3), 247-256(2003)   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Ure, A. M., 'Single extraction schemes for soil analysis and related applications,' Sci. Total Environ., 178, 3-10(1996)   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Kim, N. D. and Fergusson, J. E., 'Effectiveness of a commonly used sequential extraction technique in determining the speciation of cadmium in soils,' Sci. Total Environ., 105, 191-209(1991)   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Tessier, A., Campbell, P. G. C., and Bisson, M., 'Particulate trace metal speciation in stream sediments and relationships with grain size: Implications for geoche-mical exploration,' J. Geochem. Explor., 16, 77-104(1982)   DOI   ScienceOn