• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 2006

Objectives: Bio-equivalence(BE) test is important not only to ensure the quality of generic drugs, but also to promote drug substitution under the separation of prescribing and dispensing practice(SPD). This study was intended to investigate the perception of consumers, doctors, and pharmacists on the confidence of bio-equivalence(BE) assured drugs. Methods: Nation-wide telephone interview survey was conducted for 1,018 consumers, 800 doctors, and 806 pharmacists from September to October in 2003. Descriptive analysis and ${\chi}^2$ analysis were conducted. Results: Even though people showed higher confidence level for the Bioequivalent drugs compared with Bio-inequivalent drugs, the confidence was generally low. Among those asked about the therapeutic substitutability of original drugs by BE versions, 95.78% of pharmacists responded "positive", while only 39.33% of consumers and 31.13% of doctors said so. The elderly, the less educated, who takes chronic disease medicine, pays high cost of prescription drugs, and are in the low income responded less aware of that. Also most consumers got information such as effect of drugs from either media or doctors. Conclusions: In order for people to believe that BE drugs and original drugs are equivalent, we need to strengthen health education, and to clarify any misunderstanding. It is also necessary for the national policy to provide accurate information about drugs to the public.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.119-126
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• 2011

Recently, in the fields of fashion, advertisement, film, literature, philosophy, etc., the word, 'Nomad', is being used frequently across the overall society. The contemporary society is actively incorporating "nomadic thinking" as a new social phenomenon across the boundaries of conventional fields. This is not an exception in the field of space design. This study, via the contemporary nomadic thinking, examined the relationship between space design's application possibility as a new trend and flexible space; then categorized the characteristics of flexible space into flexibility, temporariness, changeability, and correlation; and then analyzed expression characteristics of flexible space. As for unrestricted expression of scene, it was recognized that separation of scene and space leads space to meet the needs of surrounding environment and users; formation of changeable space enables uses of space from various perspectives; and combining external factors (energy, media technologies) with space leads space to self-evolution. Space is perceived as an living organism that is flexibly corresponding, via realistic movement and virtual movement, to the indefinite, diversified thinking of the contemporary society. Therefore, this study illuminates that nomadic thinking has significance as basic thinking to predict development and characteristics of design thinking through understanding the contemporary society with the basic thinking system that has been inherent without restrictions of being fixed to the present, past, and future.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1798-1802
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• 2007

Adhesion strength of single layer ceramic capacitor sheet was measured using a peel testing system developed in this study. The peel test specimens with various dimensions were prepared from the ceramic sheet cast on the PET film. In peel test, the sheet specimen was adhered on the glass jig floating on the liquid media, which was designed to minimize the friction, and the specimen was then pulled up by micro-actuator. During the separation of the sheet from the PET film, peel force was measured. To normalize the testing condition, 3 different widths of the specimen were selected: 5, 10 and 20 mm. was used Furthermore, testing speed effect was investigated in this study. From the resullts using various testing conditions, the standard method for the peel strength testing may be suggested. Based on the testing condition, effect of peel angle on the strength was experimentally examined. It was found that the adhesive strength for the ceramic sheet is nearly identical, irrespective of the specimen width ranged from 5 to 20 mm, while the adhesive strength was increased with increasing testing speed. Furthermore, the strength was shown to be dependent on the peel angle.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.619-628
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• 2017

The intent of this paper is to investigate the propagation of Love waves in a dry sandy medium sandwiched between fiber-reinforced layer and prestressed porous half-space. Separate displacement components have been deduced in order to characterize the dynamics of individual materials. Using suitable boundary conditions, the frequency equation has been derived by means of separation of variables which reveals the significant role of reinforcement parameters, sandiness, thickness of layers, porosity and prestress on the wave propagation. The phase velocity of the Love wave has been discussed in accordance with its typical cases. In both cases when fiber-reinforced and dry sandy media are absent, the derived equation of Love type wave coincides with the classical Love wave equation. Numerical computations have been performed in order to graphically illustrate the dependencies of different parameters on phase velocity of Love waves. It is observed that the phase velocity decreases with the increase of parameters pertaining to reinforcement and prestress. The results have certain potential applications in earthquake seismology and civil engineering.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.340-346
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• 2006

The influences of fluorescence, scattering, and flocculation in turbid material by light scattering were interpreted for the scattered fluorescence intensity and wavelength, it has been studied the molecular properties by the spectroscopy of laser induced fluorescence (LIF). The effects of optical properties in scattering media have been found by the optical $parameters({\mu}_s,\;{\mu}_a,\;{\mu}_t)$. Flocculation is an important step in many solid-liquid separation processes and is widely used. When two particles approach each other, interactions of several colloid particles can come into play which may have major effect on the flocculation and LIF process, The value of scattering coefficient ${\mu}_s$ is large by means of the increasing particles of scatterer it has been found that the slope decays exponentially as a function of distance from laser source to detector. It may also aid in designing the best model for oil chemistry, biopharmaceutical products, laser medicine and application of medical engineering on LIF and coagulation in particle transport mode.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.69-81
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• 2015

A new magnetite-silica core/shell nanocomposite ($Fe_3O4@nSiO_2@mSiO_2$) was synthesized and functionalized with trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS). The prepared nanocomposite was used for the removal of diesel oil from aqueous media. The characterization of magnetite-silica nanocomposite was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), surface area measurement, and vibrating sample magnetization (VSM). Results have shown that the desired structure was obtained and surface modification was successfully carried out. FTIR analysis has confirmed the presence of TMCS on the surface of magnetite silica nanocomposites. The low- angle XRD pattern of nanocomposites indicated the mesoscopic structure of silica shell. Furthermore, TEM results have shown the core/shell structure with porous silica shell. Adsorption kinetic studies indicated that the nanocomposite was able to remove 80% of the oil contaminant during 2 h and fit well with the pseudo-second order model. Equilibrium studies at room temperature showed that the experimental data fitted well with Freundlich isotherm. The magnetic property of nanocomposite facilitated the separation of solid phase from aqueous solution.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.799-806
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• 2004

The filtration tests were made in cell with a low concentrated suspension. The suspension with a concentration of $C_{M}$=1.14～2.67$\cdot$$10^{-3}$ g/g consists of paper paint and water. The particles in the suspension have a particle size x<1${\mu}m$. The used depth filters consists of glass fibres, which are coated by polymer. The filtration in depth filters accorded in different mechanism, which were explained by physical models. The model which would be allows to make a promise of the filtration reaction. This filter media allows to get a high filtration time and a good separation rate. The Particle distribution is measured by a photon correlation spectroscopy(PCS). PCS measures particle sizes 0.03 ${\mu}m$${\mu}m$ in the suspension. The filtered suspension has a very low concentration Co{\le}5{\times}10_{-4}$ g/g of solid in sample. The PCS also informs us about the number of the particles in the suspension. The makes it possible to calculate the concentration of the in sample.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.386-391
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• 2000

Due to its characteristics of acoustic wave energy absorption, punched structures are generally applied on the wall of anechoic room. When the acoustic wave propagates through the punched plates, its energy dissipates into thermal energy by flow separation induced from the viscosity of acoustic media. The acoustic pressure difference between the for-side and the aft-side of punched plate ran be represented by the sum of drag term proportional to square of velocity and inertia term proportional to acceleration. The way to get the coefficients of the terms by an experiment or relatively simple calculation is introduced.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.115-121
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• 2014

This paper draws the home into the stream of information and communications technology (ICT) development. Considering that homes and our home life are constantly affected by persistent change influenced by ICT, it is remarkable that ICT has been relatively neglected as an object of research in the field of housing studies. This study provides an overview of conceptual movements in ICT/home relationships and their design and social impact through a critical discourse analysis. The conceptual movements must be considered by professionals in the field of housing and built environment to stay attuned to changes in the 21st Century. Diverse debates took place in the discourse about ICT in relation to home. The stream of thought was started by futurists who saw the electronic cottage as a solution to the social problems caused by the separation of work and home life in industrial cities. ICT has now entered a new phase, with WiFi P2P networks and location-based social media that encourage sharable homes. Based on the analysis of the discourse on ICT and home, we drew from three issues related to the paradigm shifts in homes in the context of ICT development to provide future directions for housing studies: from space programming to time scheduling, from individual ownership to shared access, and from live+work dwelling to live+work+community.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.74-83
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• 2012

Rare earth metals have been made from rare earth compounds which were prepared from rare earth ore concentrates through successive processes such as leaching(i.e. extraction of rare earth elements to liquid media), separation, purification, precipitation. Here, process for treating monazite and bastnasite ore concentrates were briefly reviewed, and metallothermic reduction and fused salt electrolysis methods were introduced as the extraction technologies for rare earth metals.