• 멤브레인
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2003

분리막을 이용한 정수처리 공정의 최적화를 위하여 유기물 성분인 humic acid와 탁도를 유발하는 kaolin을 모사 용액으로 제조하여 막내 비저항 값을 최소화하면서 flux의 안정된 경향을 나타내는 최적의 운전 조건을 검토하여 보았다. 그 결과 압력이 증가함에 따라 낮은 비저항값에서 효율적인 분리막을 운전할 수 있으며 선속도가 증가함에 따라 높은 전단율에 의해 cake load는 줄어들었으며 이에따라 비저항값과 flux는 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 따라서 최적의 운전조건은 압력 $2.0 kg_f/cm^2,$ 선속도 0.92 m/sec으로 알 수 있었다.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1993년도 Proceedings of International Conference for Agricultural Machinery and Process Engineering
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• pp.979-983
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• 1993

A power operated (0.5 hp electric motor) grain flour separator was designed and developed for separation of grain (wheat, corn, chickpea and soybean) flour it no various fractions based on the size of the particles of the product. The separator is made of mild steel and consists of a hopper, power driven agitating mechanism, feed control , cylindrical separator unit and an eccentric mechanism. The machine was tested for wheat (variety : Subjata) flour separation into four fraction, viz : semolina ; Gr-I and II, flour (coarse) and white (fine) flour. Wheat samples (6.8% m.c., db) were first pearled by CIAE pearler for 15.8% bran removal . The product and machine characteristics were determined at different capacities varying from 24 kg/h to 143 kg/h. It was found that 76 kg/h capacity gave reasonably best results in terms of purity and recovery of semolina vis-a-vis the market product. The energy requirement of the machine at no-load was found to be 230 w and at load conditio s, it varied between 36.3-6.4kj per kg of feed separation. The machine could be used by small flour millers, small/medium size traders and retailers and other processors for making available various flour products of different particle size in the market for ready use fo the consumers.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2024

In this study, contact analysis in a functionally graded (FG) layer loaded with two circular punches is solved using the finite element method (FEM). The problem is consisted of a functionally graded layer that resting on an elastic semi-infinite plane and is loaded with two rigid punches of circular geometry. External loads P and Q are transferred to the layer via two rigid punches. The finite element model of the functionally graded layer is created using the ANSYS package program and a 2-dimensional analysis of the problem is analyzed. The contact lengths, obtained as a result of the analysis are compared with the analytical solution in the literature. In the study, the effects of parameters such as distances between punches, loads, inhomogenity parameter on contact zones, initial separation loads and distances, normal stresses, stresses across depth and contact stresses are investigated. As a result, in this study, it can be said that the magnitude of the stresses occurring in the FG layer is less than the homogeneous layer, therefore the life of FG materials will be longer than the homogeneous layer. When the distance between the punches is 2.25, the initial separation distance is 6.98, and when the distance between the punches is 4, the initial separation distance decreases to 6.10. In addition, when the load increased in the second punch, the initial separation load decreased from 55 to 18. The obtained results are presented in the form of graphs and tables.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.199-210
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• 2021

The aim of this paper was to examine the continuous and discontinuous contact problems between the functionally graded (FG) layer pressed with a uniformly distributed load and homogeneous half plane using an analytical method and FEM. The FG layer is made of non-homogeneous material with an isotropic stress-strain law with exponentially varying properties. It is assumed that the contact at the FG layer-half plane interface is frictionless, and only the normal tractions can be transmitted along the contacted regions. The body force of the FG layer is considered in the study. The FG layer was positioned on the homogeneous half plane without any bonds. Thus, if the external load was smaller than a certain critical value, the contact between the FG layer and half plane would be continuous. However, when the external load exceeded the critical value, there was a separation between the FG layer and half plane on the finite region, as discontinuous contact. Therefore, there have been some steps taken in this study. Firstly, an analytical solution for continuous and discontinuous contact cases of the problem has been realized using the theory of elasticity and Fourier integral transform techniques. Then, the problem modeled and two-dimensional analysis was carried out by using ANSYS package program based on FEM. Numerical results for initial separation distance and contact stress distributions between the FG layer and homogeneous half plane for continuous contact case; the start and end points of separation and contact stress distributions between the FG layer and homogeneous half plane for discontinuous contact case were provided for various dimensionless quantities including material inhomogeneity, distributed load width, the shear module ratio and load factor for both methods. The results obtained using FEM were compared with the results found using analytical formulation. It was found that the results obtained from analytical formulation were in perfect agreement with the FEM study.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.175-179
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• 2022

Magnetic arc extinguishing technology is effective as an extinguishing device for low-voltage direct current (DC) circuit breakers with a resistive load of ≤4 kW. The separation distance between the magnet and the electrical contact must be shortened to increase the magnetic arc extinguishing force. However, if the magnet is installed too close to the electrical contact points, the magnet is exposed to high temperatures due to the arc current generated when the load current is cut off and the magnetism is lost. To solve this problem, the effective magnetic flux density at the electrical contact can be maintained high by placing the arc extinguishing magnet in a tandem structure with the electrical contact point between them, and the proper separation distance between the contact points and the magnet can be maintained. In addition, an electric arc extinguishing technology that emits arc energy using a series circuit of diode and resistor is used to suppress the continuous arc voltage generated by the inductive load. For the proposed circuit breaker, the breaking characteristics are analyzed through the breaking test for the DC load of the 760 V level, the load power of 4 kW, and the time constant of 5 ms, and an appropriate arc extinguishing design guideline is proposed.

• 항공우주기술
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.171-181
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• 2003

KSR-III의 탑재부를 보호하고 있는 nose fairing은 목표 고도에 도달하면 화약 폭발에 의한 분리 장치의 작용으로 탑재부가 주어진 임무를 수행할 수 있도록 로켓으로부터 떨어져 나가도록 설계되어 있다. 이때 분리된 fairing이 로켓에 부딪치지 않고 안전하게 분리될 수 있게 하기 위해서는 적절한 크기의 분리력이 가해져야 하며, 이러한 분리력의 결정에 있어서 공기의 영향이 거의 없는 고도도 조건을 가정하였다. 그러나 KSR-III의 설계가 진행됨에 따라 발사체의 임무에 수정이 가해졌으며, fairing의 분리도 고도고가 아닌 공력의 영향이 상당 부분 남아 있는 고도 45km에서 이루어질 것으로 예상됨으로써 이러한 새로운 조건에서도 충분히 안전한 분리를 이룰 수 있는 지의 여부에 대한 확인이 필요하게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 병렬형 부스터 분리 운동 해석을 위해 개발되었던 6자유도 운동방정식 해석 프로그램인 PASEM을 fairing 힌지를 모사할 수 있도록 수정을 가하여 fairing의 분리 운동을 예측하였다. 먼저 지상 시험 결과와의 비교를 통하여 힌지 운동 모사의 정확도를 검증하고 정확한 분리 조건을 설정하였다. 다음으로 고도 45km에서 받음각, 중력 작용 방향, 돌풍의 존재 여부 등을 바꾸어 가며 안전한 분리가 가능함을 판단하였으며, 힌지 이탈각을 60도에서 45도로 줄여줌으로써 훨씬 더 안전한 분리가 가능함을 확인하였다. 또한 발사 당일의 기상 조건의 변화에 따라 분리 고도가 40km로 낮추어져도 안전한 분리한 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.104-109
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• 2022

파일런 내부에 장착되는 외부장착물 분리장치(BRU)는 외부연료탱크나 외부무장 등의 외부장착물을 고정하는 역할을 하며, 비상시에는 외부장착물을 분리하는 역할을 한다. 특히, 외부장착물을 분리시킬 때 BRU에 의해 발생하는 하중을 펀칭하중이라고 한다. 본 연구에서는 파일런에 작용하는 BRU 펀칭하중 조건에서 파일런의 구조 건전성을 검증하기 위해 수행한 구조 정적시험 결과를 제시하였다. 구조 정적시험에서 외부장착물의 분리하중에 대한 구현방식과 BRU 펀칭하중 조건에 대한 시험 프로파일을 제시하였고, 각 시험에서 하중제어의 적절성을 판단하기 위해 하중 입력신호와 출력신호 사이의 오차를 비교하였다. 그리고, 파일런의 주요 위치에서 수치해석 결과와 시험에서 계측된 변형률을 비교하였다. 시험 결과, 시험수행 간에 시험하중이 잘 제어되었고, 수치해석이 시험결과를 잘 예측한 것으로 파악되었다. 최종적으로, 설계 제한하중과 설계 극한하중에 의해 수행된 구조 정적시험을 통해 본 연구에서 다루고 있는 항공기용 파일런은 외부장착물 분리하중에 대해 충분한 구조 강도를 보유하고 있음을 검증하였다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.282-283
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• 2006

A frequency relaying algorithm which is used system separation and load shedding to improve transient stability is proposed. The algorithm can trip the generator and shed load in the abnormal frequency condition. The computer simulations of load flow analysis is used to determine the amount of load to be shed in an under frequency condition. Furthermore dynamic brake energization in the simulation is performed for the control of overfrequency.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제53권8호
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• pp.466-471
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• 2004

Electricity industries throughout the world are undergoing unprecedented changes. As a result, these changes lead to the separation of traditional integrated utilities and the introduction of competition in order that increase efficiency in electricity industry. Direct load control (DLC) system in competitive electricity market has a hierarchical interactive operation system, therefore, its control logic is also applied by bilateral interactive method that interchanges information related to interruptible load between operation hierarchies. Consequently, load curtailment allocation algorithm appropriate for new DLC system is required, and based on interchanged information, this algorithm should be implemented by most efficient way for each operation hierarchy. In this paper, we develop the load curtailment allocation algorithm in an emergency for new DLC system. Especially, the optimal algorithm for load aggregator (LA) that participates in competitive electricity market as a main operator for load management is developed.

• 오토저널
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.18-26
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• 1981

The purpose of this paper is to study the possibility of practical use of gasoline-methanol mixed fuel as an alternative fuel of gasoline engines in the light of engine performances and harmful exhaust emissions as well as mixings and separations of the mixed fuels. When the methanol of 99.8% purity is mixed with super or regular gasoline available on the market today, the experimental results obtained without modifying carburetor in this study are as follows; 1.The separation ratio depends upon the gasoline-methanol mixing ratio only, regardless of fuel temperature and fuel additives for preventing separation of phase. 2.The critical absorption ratio is affected by the gasoline-methanol mixing ratio, its temperature and the quantity of fuel additives. 3.Concerning the distillation temperature, the initial point of all sorts of fuels is almost same,but 10% point and 35-60% point of mixed fuels are lower than those of gasoline only. 4.In case of throttle valve opening set, engine output using the mixed fuels is decreased compared to gasoline, but thermal efficiency is increased as a consequence of decreasing specific energy consumption. 5.In case of fixed load test, thermal efficiency is increased at low engine speed even under low part-load as well as under comparatively high part-load including full load. 6.CO and NOx emissions are reduced remarkably with the mixed fuels.