• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 기존의 퍼지 클러스터링 기반 이미지 분할의 성능과 계산 효율을 개선하기 위해 퍼지 클러스터링의 목적 함수를 수정하는 이미지 분할 프레임워크를 제안한다. 제안하는 이미지 분할 프레임워크는 주변 픽셀들에 가중치를 부여함으로써 현재 센터 픽셀 연산을 위해 주변 픽셀들의 중요성을 고려하는 지역 가중치 적용 퍼지 클러스터링 기법을 포함한다. 이러한 가중치들은 각 멤버쉽들의 중요성을 표시하기 위해 현재 픽셀과 대응되는 각 주변 픽셀들 사이의 거리차에 의해 결정되어 지며, 이러한 프로세서는 향상된 클러스터링 성능을 보장한다. 제안하는 방법의 성능을 평가하기 위해 분할 계수, 분할 엔트로피, Xie-Bdni 함수, Fukuyzma-Sugeno 함수와 같은 네 가지 클러스터 유효성 함수를 이용하여 분석하였다. 모의실험 결과, 제안한 방법은 기존의 다른 퍼지 클러스터링 기법들보다 클러스터 유효성 함수들뿐만 아니라 분할과 조밀도 측면에서 우수한 성능을 보였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.978-983
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• 2010

무선 센서 네트워크에서 음향 표적의 식별은 환경 감시, 침입 감시, 다중 표적 분리 등에서 많이 연구된다. 무선 센서 네트워크의 센서 노드에서 사용하는 기존의 신호 처리기법은 표적으로부터 수신된 신호의 에너지를 계산하여 표적의 존재 유무만을 기지국으로 전송하는 방법과 수신 신호를 압축하여 전송하는 방법이 많이 사용되었다. 전자의 경우 표적의 감시를 위한 무선 센서 네트워크에서는 표적의 정보가 한정적이므로 적합하지 않고 후자의 경우는 센서 노드에서의 신호처리 및 전송에 소모되는 에너지가 높아 센서의 생존시간이 줄어들게 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 표적의 감시를 위한 무선 센서 네트워크에서 필요한 시간정보와 표적의 주파수 정보를 포함하는 센서 노드에서의 특징 추출 기법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서는 웨이블릿 변환을 이용하여 추출된 웨이블릿 상수에서 표적의 시간 정보와 잡음이 제거된 표적의 식별 정보를 추출함으로서 센서 노드에서 에너지 효율적인 신호처리를 구현하고 추출된 특징을 전송하여 통신에 소모되는 에너지를 원신호 대비 28%로 줄이는 알고리듬을 제안한다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2016

For efficient quality control of the Samryeongbaekchul-san decoction, a powerful and accurate an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS) method was developed for quantitative analysis of the thirteen constituents: allantoin (1), spinosin (2), liquiritin (3), ginsenoside Rg1 (4), liquiritigenin (5), platycodin D2 (6), platycodin D (7), ginsenoside Rb1 (8), glycyrrhizin (9), 6-gingerol (10), atractylenolide III (11), atractylenolide II (12), and atractylenolide I (13). Separation of the compounds 1 - 13 was performed on a UPLC BEH $C_{18}$ column ($2.1{\times}100mm$, $1.7{\mu}m$) at a column temperature of $40^{\circ}C$ with a gradient solvent system of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid aqueous-acetonitrile. The flow rate and injection volume were 0.3 mL/min and $2.0{\mu}L$. Calibration curves of all compounds were showed good linearity with values of the correlation coefficient ${\geq}0.9920$ within the test ranges. The values of limits of detection and quantification for all analytes were 0.04 - 4.53 ng/mL and 0.13 - 13.60 ng/mL. The result of an experiment, compounds 2, 6, 12, and 13 were not detected while compounds 1, 3 - 5, and 7 - 11 were detected with 1,570.42, 5,239.85, 299.35, 318.88, 562.27, 340.87, 12,253.69, 73.80, and $115.01{\mu}g/g$, respectively.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제9권12호
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• pp.1188-1195
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• 1999

알루미노실리케이트 계 졸이 지르콘 쉘 몰드의 뮬라이트 층 생성에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 알루미노실리케이트 졸은 콜로이달 실리카와 수용성 질산알루미늄을 혼합하여 제조하였으며 50$^{\circ}C$에서 48시간 조건에서 겔화 하였다. 이러한 겔은 깁사이트 및 알루미노실리케이트 복합 겔로 구성되어 있었으며, Si 이온과 결합하는 모든 Al 이온의 배위수가 4임을 확인하였다. 뮬라이트 상은 1300$^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 소결하였을 때 관찰되었으며 뮬라이트의 XRD 피크는 소결 온도와 질산알루미늄의 농도가 증가할수록 노실리케이트 졸 슬러리를 2차 층에 코팅하였다. 그 결과 1차 및 3차 층의 분리가 일어났으며, 이는 소결시 졸의 1차 및 3차 층으로 침윤 발생과 잔류 실리카와 뮬라이트 간의 열팽창계수 차이에 기인한 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.485-494
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• 2005

For the extensive investigation of local heat/mass transfer on the near-tip surface of turbine blade, experiments were conducted in a low speed stationary annular cascade. The turbine test section has a single stage composed of sixteen guide vanes and blades. The chord length and the height of the tested blade are 150 mm and about 125 mm, respectively. The blade has flat tip geometry and the mean tip clearance is about $2.5{\%}$ of the blade chord. Detailed mass transfer coefficient on the blade near-tip surface was obtained using a naphthalene sublimation technique. The inlet flow Reynolds number based on chord length and incoming flow velocity is changed from $1.0{\times}10^{5}\;to\;2.3{\times}10^{5}.$ Extremely complex heat transfer characteristics are observed on the blade surface due, to complicated flow patterns, such as flow acceleration, laminarization, transition, separation bubble and tip leakage flow. Especially, the suction side surface of the blade has higher heat/mass transfer coefficients and more complex distribution than the pressure side surface, which is related to the leakage flow. For all the tested Reynolds numbers, the heat/mass transfer characteristics on the turbine blade are the similar. The overall averaged $Sh_{c}$ values are proportional to $Re_{c}^{0.5}$ on the stagnation region and the laminar flow region such as the pressure side surface. However, since the flow is fully turbulent in the near-tip region, the heat/mass transfer coefficients are proportional to $Re_{c}^{0.8}.$

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3764-3773
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)와 물의 이성분계 공비 혼합물의 공비조성이 압력에 따라서 민감하게 변하는 현상을 이용하여 압력변환 증류(pressure-swing distillation; PSD)공정을 통해서 순도가 99.9mole% 이상의 MEK를 분리해 내기 위한 전산모사 및 공정 최적화를 수행하였다. 전산모사를 위하여 상용성 화학공정 모사기인 Invensys사의 PRO/II with PROVISION 9.1을 활용하였고, 열역학 모델식으로는 Wilson 액체 활동도계수 모델식을 활용하였다. PSD 공정은 저압 및 고압의 증류탑 2기의 증류탑 배열을 사용하는데 저압 증류탑을 전단에 두는 저압-고압 증류탑 배열과 저압 증류탑을 후단에 두는 고압-저압 증류탑 배열로 분류할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 각각의 배열에 대한 증류탑 환류비와 원료 주입단의 위치를 조절변수로 하여 총 재비기의 heat duty의 합을 최소화시킨 후 두 공정배열을 서로 비교하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.819-823
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• 1995

Thin films of two kinds of Prussian Blue (PB)-modified, using iron(Ⅲ) complex instead of conventional FeCl3, were prepared on a gold substrate and these films were able to be electrochemically reduced in potassium nitrate solution. In case of PB-modified films prepared from Fe(Ⅲ)-ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid (FeEN3+)/K3Fe(CN)6 solution, the mid-peak potential was 0.156 V in 0.1 M KNO3 and it was found that potassium ion migrates into or out of the film during the electrolysis. These films were shown to be electrochromic. These films exhibited smaller peak separation than those formed from Fe(Ⅲ)-tartaric acid (FeTA3+)/K3Fe(CN)6 system. The diffusion coefficient of Fe(CN)63-/4- redox couple, evaluated using the fabricated Au rotating disc electrode(rde) previously reported, was in good agreement with the existing data. Two experimental procedures, including the voltammetry at relatively low scan rates and the rde study, have been used in order to characterize the electrode kinetics. The electrode kinetics of some redox couples (FeEN2+-FeEN3+ and FeTA2+-FeTA3+) on both PB-modified thin films and bare Au electrode were studied using a Au rde. In all cases the rate constants of electron transfer obtained with the PB-modified film electrodes were only slightly less than those obtained for the same reaction on bare Au disc electrodes. The conductivities, as determined from the slopes of the i-V curves for a ca. 1 mm sample for dried PB-modified potassium-rich and deficient bulk samples pressed between graphite electrodes, were 6.21 × 10-7 and 2.03 × 10-7(Ω·cm)-1, respectively.

• 분석과학
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.212-224
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• 2021

The intent of the present work was to develop a simple, sensitive, accurate, precise, rapid and economical UV- spectrophotometric and reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous estimation of Spironolactone and Furosemide in bulk and combined tablet dosage forms. UV-Spectrophotometry was carried out by simultaneous equation method using 0.02 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer pH 3.5: Acetonitrile (50:50) v/v as a solvent. The linearity range was 2-14 ㎍ mL^-1 for Spironolactone and Furosemide with a correlation coefficient > 0.99. The chromatographic separation was achieved on 250 mm × 4.6 mm, hypersil BDS C18 column with particle size 5 ㎛, by using an isocratic mixture of 0.02 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer pH 3.5: Acetonitrile: tert butyl methyl ether (49:50:1) v/v/v as a solvent at a flow rate of 1 mL min^-1 and UV detection was carried out at 254 nm. The retention time were observed to be 3.666 and 6.661 minutes for Furosemide and Spironolactone respectively. The two developed methods were validated according to the ICH guidelines for accuracy, precision, linearity, LOD, LOQ and were found to be within the limits. It can be concluded that these two methods could be successfully used for the simultaneous estimation of Spironolactone and Furosemide in bulk and combined tablet dosage forms.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.789-800
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• 2021

Objective: Conservation and genetic improvement of cattle breeds require information about genetic diversity and population structure of the cattle. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity and population structure of the three cattle breeds in the Korean peninsula. Methods: Jeju Black, Hanwoo, Holstein cattle in Korea, together with six foreign breeds were examined. Genetic diversity within the cattle breeds was analyzed with minor allele frequency (MAF), observed and expected heterozygosity (HO and HE), inbreeding coefficient (FIS) and past effective population size. Molecular variance and population structure between the nine breeds were analyzed using a model-based clustering method. Genetic distances between breeds were evaluated with Nei's genetic distance and Weir and Cockerham's FST. Results: Our results revealed that Jeju Black cattle had lowest level of heterozygosity (HE = 0.21) among the studied taurine breeds, and an average MAF of 0.16. The level of inbreeding was -0.076 for Jeju Black, while -0.018 to -0.118 for the other breeds. Principle component analysis and neighbor-joining tree showed a clear separation of Jeju Black cattle from other local (Hanwoo and Japanese cattle) and taurine/indicine cattle breeds in evolutionary process, and a distinct pattern of admixture of Jeju Black cattle having no clustering with other studied populations. The FST value between Jeju Black cattle and Hanwoo was 0.106, which was lowest across the pair of breeds ranging from 0.161 to 0.274, indicating some degree of genetic closeness of Jeju Black cattle with Hanwoo. The past effective population size of Jeju Black cattle was very small, i.e. 38 in 13 generation ago, whereas 209 for Hanwoo. Conclusion: This study indicates genetic uniqueness of Jeju Black cattle. However, a small effective population size of Jeju Black cattle indicates the requirement for an implementation of a sustainable breeding policy to increase the population for genetic improvement and future conservation.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.18-26
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• 2019

We developed a bioanalytical method for simultaneous determination of nine NBOMe derivatives (25H-NBOMe, 25B-NBOMe, 25E-NBOMe, 25N-NBOMe, 25C-NBOH, 25I-NBOH, 25B-NBF, 25C-NBF, and 25I-NBF) in human plasma using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Human plasma samples were pre-treated using solid-phase extraction. Separation was achieved on a C18 column under gradient elution using a mobile phase containing 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. Mass detection was performed in the positive ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring. The calibration range was 1-100 ng/mL for all quantitative analytes, with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.99. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy varied from 0.85 to 6.92% and from 90.19 to 108.69%, respectively. The recovery ranged from 86.36 to 118.52%, and the matrix effects ranged from 27.09 to 99.72%. The stability was acceptable in various conditions. The LC-MS/MS method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, matrix effects, recovery and stability in accordance with the FDA guidance. The proposed method is suitable for reliable and robust routine screening and analysis of nine NBOMe derivatives in forensic field.