• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.155-164
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• 2014

This paper proposes a new method to determine the recognition units for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) in Korean by applying unsupervised segmentation and merging. In the proposed method, a text sentence is segmented into morphemes and position information is added to morphemes. Then submorpheme units are obtained by splitting the morpheme units through the maximization of posterior probability terms. The posterior probability terms are computed from the morpheme frequency distribution, the morpheme length distribution, and the morpheme frequency-of-frequency distribution. Finally, the recognition units are obtained by sequentially merging the submorpheme pair with the highest frequency. Computer experiments are conducted using a Korean LVCSR with a 100k word vocabulary and a trigram language model obtained by a 300 million eojeol (word phrase) corpus. The proposed method is shown to reduce the out-of-vocabulary rate to 1.8% and reduce the syllable error rate relatively by 14.0%.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2013.10a
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• pp.120-125
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• 2013

본 연구는 대량의 특정 도메인 한영 병렬 말뭉치에서 통계 기반 기계 번역 시스템을 이용하여 병렬어휘를 효과적으로 추출해 낼 수 있는 방법에 관한 것이다. 통계 번역 시스템에서 어족이 다른 한국어와 영어간의 문장은 길이 및 어순의 차이로 인해 용어 번역 시 구절 번역 정확도가 떨어지는 문제점이 발생할 수 있다. 또한 문장 길이가 길어짐에 따라 이러한 문제는 더욱 커질 수 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 조건에서 문장의 길이가 축소된 코퍼스를 통해 한정된 코퍼스 자원 내 구 번역 테이블의 병렬어휘 추출 성능이 향상될 수 있도록 하였다.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2017

This study compares speech rate, articulatory rate, and pause between the children with mild and moderate Speech Sound Disorder (SSD) who performed Sentence Repetition Tasks and the Typically Developing children (TD) of the same chronological age. The results showed that three groups are categorized in terms of speaking rate and articulatory rate. There is no difference between the two groups with SSD children, namely between the mild and moderate groups. However, there is a significant difference in their rate of speech and the articulatory rate between the two groups, such that the two groups with SSD are significantly slower than the TD group. The results also showed that there are no significant difference in the length and frequency of pause between the moderate group and the mild group. However, there is a substantial difference between them and the TD group. This study, provided the basic data for evaluating the speech rate of the children and implies that there are limitations in speech rate among the children with SSD.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.670-679
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• 2001

This study examined the readability of 4 different kinds of patient education handouts about computer tomography tests from 5 different university-affiliated hospitals in Korea. Readability was evaluated in terms of syntax. length of sentence, usage of unfamiliar words. foreign words. Chinese words, abbreviation, and technical jargon. This study found that all of the handouts were very difficult to read. An excessive use of complex and long sentences was found. Unfamiliar words, rarely used in everyday life, were recklessly used. Most of the unfamiliar words were Chinese words and can be exchanged with Korean language. Excessive medical terminologies were used without any explanations. Based on the study results, guidelines to make the handouts easier and more accessible to patients and their family were recommended.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.130-135
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• 2010

문장 정렬은 두 개의 문서 간의 대응이 되는 문장을 찾는 작업이다. 이 방법은 통계적 기계 번역의 학습 문서인 병렬 말뭉치를 자동으로 구축하는데 필수적인 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 길이 정보에 추가적으로 유사도 정보를 반영하는 한영 문장 정렬 방법을 제안한다. 먼저 한국어로 된 문서를 기계번역 시스템에 적용하여 영어 문서로 변환한다. 그리고 번역된 영어로 된 문서 결과와 영어로 된 대상 문서 간의 정렬 작업을 수행한다. 정렬 완료된 결과와 원시 문서, 대상 문서로부터 최종적인 결과를 생성해낸다. 본 논문에서는 기계 번역을 이용하는 방법과 더불어 기존의 길이 기반 문장 정렬 프로그램에 문장 유사도 정보를 추가하여 단어 정렬의 성능 향상을 꾀하였다. 그 결과 "21세기 세종기획"의 최종 배포본 내에 포함된 한영 병렬 말뭉치에 대해 한영 문장 정렬 F-1 자질의 결과가 89.39%를 보였다. 이 수치는 기존의 길이 기반의 단어 정렬의 성능 평가 결과와 비교했을 때 약 8.5% 가량 성능이 향상되었다.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

The advancement of Internet technologies has provided a new and effective way to cultivate international talents. To investigate the effect of native English teachers' online synchronous classes on Chinese primary school students' oral English improvement, an 18-month quasi-experimental study was conducted on 300 primary school students in China. The experiment and control groups were provided biweekly synchronous online classes with native and non-native English teachers. SPSS was used to conduct Paired Sample T-Tests and analyze performance differentials. The results showed that online classes taught by native English teachers perform better than non-native English teachers in three areas: vocabulary accuracy, average sentence length, and phonological intonation.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.89-96
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• 2022

An open domain machine reading comprehension is a model that adds a function to search paragraphs as there are no paragraphs related to a given question. Document searches have an issue of lower performance with a lot of documents despite abundant research with word frequency based TF-IDF. Paragraph selections also have an issue of not extracting paragraph contexts, including sentence characteristics accurately despite a lot of research with word-based embedding. Document reading comprehension has an issue of slow learning due to the growing number of parameters despite a lot of research on BERT. Trying to solve these three issues, this study used BM25 which considered even sentence length and InferSent to get sentence contexts, and proposed an open domain machine reading comprehension with ALBERT to reduce the number of parameters. An experiment was conducted with SQuAD1.1 datasets. BM25 recorded a higher performance of document research than TF-IDF by 3.2%. InferSent showed a higher performance in paragraph selection than Transformer by 0.9%. Finally, as the number of paragraphs increased in document comprehension, ALBERT was 0.4% higher in EM and 0.2% higher in F1.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.325-350
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• 2007

This study investigated global and local characteristics of eye movement while 16 college students read 48 easy Korean sentences. It was found that readers lusted for about 225ms at the word cluster(eojeol), made a forward saccade of about 3.6 characters to the next word, skipped short and high-frequent words about 25% during the first-pass reading, and regressed backward at 19%. There were also individual differences in readers' pattern of fixation and saccade. In addition, the effects of word cluster length and word frequency and the effects related to landing position were examined. The eyes landed on the center of a word cluster more frequently than on the boundaries. When the eyes landed at the boundaries, the eyes fixated the word cluster again more frequently. The word clusters with high-frequency words were read faster than those with low-frequency words.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.37-42
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• 1996

This study aims to see some prosodic features of English spoken by Japanese learners of English. It focuses on speech rates, pauses, and intonation when the learners read an English passage. Three Japanese learners of English, who are all male university students, were asked to read the speech material, an English passage of 110 word length, at their normal reading speed. Then a native speaker of English, a male American English teacher. was asked to read the same passage. The Japanese speakers were also asked to read a Japanese passage of 286 letters (Japanese Kana) to compare the reading of English with that of japanese. Their speech was analyzed on a computerized system (KAY Computerized Speech Lab). Wave forms, spectrograms, and F0 contours were shown on the screen to measure the duration of pauses, phrases and sentences and to observe intonation contours. One finding of the experiment was that the movement of the low speakers' speech rates showed a similar tendency in their reading of the English passage. Reading of the Japanese passage by the three learners also had a similar tendency in the movement of speech rates. Another finding was that the frequency of pauses in the learners speech was greater than that in the speech of the native speaker, but that the ration of the total pause length to the whole utterance length was about tile same in both the learners' and the native speaker's speech. A similar tendency was observed about the learners' reading of the Japanese passage except that they used shorter pauses in the mid-sentence position. As to intonation contours, we found that the learners used a narrower pitch range than the native speaker in their reading of the English passage while they used a wider pitch range as they read the Japanese passage. It was found that the learners tended to use falling intonation before pauses whereas the native speaker used different intonation patterns. These findings are applicable to the teaching of English pronunciation at the passage level in the sense that they can show the learners. Japanese here, what their problems are and how they could be solved.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.323-331
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• 2013

This study aims at investigating and comparing the diphthongs, words, and sentences between two Korean highschool students groups using the Praat program. To do this English words and sentences were uttered and recorded by twenty Korean subjects; each group has ten subjects. All the subjects are female and their grades range from freshman to sophomore. Acoustic features were measured from a sound spectrogram with the help of the Praat software program and analyzed through statistical analysis. Results showed that the lengths of diphthongs and words were different between two groups, but the difference was not significant. However, in the lengths of sentence utterance, the group of 5 to 6 grade students in the current grading system pronounced longer than that of 1 to 2 grade students. Especially in the pronunciation of the first two sentences with more than five words, the difference was significant. From the data of the overall sum of words between the two subject groups, we were able to find out that the differences of the lengths of the words with the diphthongs were not significant, but those of the sentences with more than five words were significant. In the pronunciation of the words between coat and code, the length of the diphthong in coat was smaller than that of in code.