• 생물정신의학
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2016

Objectives This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of neurological soft signs as an endophenotype for schizophrenia by examining neurological soft signs in patients, their unaffected siblings and normal comparison subjects. Methods The study sample consisted of 32 patients, 25 of their unaffected siblings and 30 normal comparison subjects. Neurological soft signs were evaluated using the Cambridge Neurological Inventory Part 2. soft sign assessment. Results The patients were significantly more impaired than normal comparison subjects (p = 0.047) on primitive reflex. The patients were significantly more impaired than siblings (p = 0.004) and normal comparison subjects (p = 0.021) on motor coordination. The siblings performed better on sensory integration than the patients (p = 0.020) and normal comparison subjects (p = 0.036). Conclusions This study suggests that neurological soft signs might be a potential biomarker for schizophrenia, but might not be an endophenotype for schizophrenia.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.103-116
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• 2007

Art education in design has repeatedly stressed the importance of developing creativity. In the digital period, however, which shows rapid change in both forms and contents, it needs to be equipped with more flexible and systematic ways of approaching to the creativity development, especially involved with cultural diversity of the digital world. This paper primarily proposes a maximally efficient, productive creativity learning program in which the integration of expressive media and communication generates a comprehensive network of communicative information in the development of digital technologies, which, consequently, brings forth valuable cultural contents of art. The amalgamation of Won (2006)'s Prism Effect, with distinctive three devices, and the facilitator factors, with two different facilitators such as self-controlled and controlled plays, would function as a catalyst for cultural diversity in the digital forms and contents of art. And this will, consequently, result in producing a number of practices that can be classified and assorted for a later performance. This paper thus suggests a roadmap of how to develop the creativity learning program in which two categories of facilitators based on three thinking devices function to classify four activities. In addition, selected activities are shaped as a creativity learning program by generating learning practices with the formalizing instructional strategy that fit into a specialized educational environment and learners. The samples of loaming practice design show guidelines for practice and the results of learning activity. Therefore, the eventual goal of this paper would be to establish a creativity learning program that constitutes a highly systematized and modularized database to maximize the efficiency and productivity of the creativity development.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.246-250
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• 2007

We report here on a case of right side spasmodic torticollis (ST) that was refractory to botulinum toxin type A injection and medication. The patient finally underwent a selective ramisectomy with ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) resection, but the remaining symptoms slowly aggravated, and a contralateral left side SCM spasm began. As conservative therapy for reducing the spasmodic symptoms, accessory nerve block, upper cervical plexus block and stellate ganglion block were performed twice in a week. After 6 months, the spasmodic symptoms significantly decreased. The Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) decreased by more than 70%. After one year of serial intermittent local anesthetic blockade therapy, the patient became almost free from the original ST symptoms (TWSTRS = 1). Serial local anesthetic interventions for the ST patient may have a beneficial role on the pathological peripherocentral neural activity of the ST patient and can modulate motor-sensory integration in the patient.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2019

Purpose : This study examined the effects of a virtual reality rehabilitation program on stroke patients' upper extremity functions and activities of daily living (ADL). Methods : The subjects were equally and randomly divided into an experimental group (n=16) to whom a virtual reality rehabilitation program was applied and a control group (n=16) who received traditional occupational therapy. The intervention was applied five times per week, 30 minutes per each time, for six weeks. Jebsen-Taylor hand function test was conducted and the subjects' Manual Function Test was measured to examine their upper extremity functions before and after the treatment intervention, and a Korean version of modified Barthel index was calculated to look at their activities of daily living. Results : After the intervention, the upper extremity functions and activities of daily living of the participants in both groups significantly improved (p<.05). However, the improvements in these parameters among the participants in the virtual reality rehabilitation program were significantly greater than those in the control group (p>.05). Conclusion : The virtual reality rehabilitation program is a stable and reliable intervention method for enhancing the upper limb functions and activities of daily living of stroke patients.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a virtual reality-based occupational therapy program on the physical function and learning ability of intellectually disabled school-aged children. Methods : In this study, 20 intellectually disabled children of school age were randomly and evenly divided into experimental and control groups with children in the experimental group receiving a virtual reality-based occupational therapy intervention. The study adopted a pretest-posttest design. The intervention was conducted for a total of 12 sessions for six weeks, twice a week, and 50 minutes per session. As measurement tools, BOT-2 and grooved pegboard tests were used to compare physical function before and after the intervention program, and K-ABC was used to check changes in learning ability. Results : The occupational therapy program produced a significant improvement in both physical function and learning ability of the experimental group. A significant difference was observed between the experimental and control groups. Conclusion : This study confirmed the value and usefulness of virtual reality-based occupational therapy as a tool for enhancing the physical function and learning ability of intellectually disabled school-aged children. Based on the results, a variety of future studies are encouraged that would further test the effects of the occupational therapy program used here.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.365-371
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• 2020

Objective: To investigate the action observation effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) on the communication between motor cortex and muscle through corticomuscular coherence (CMC) analysis. Methods: Electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) of 27 healthy, nonathlete subjects were measured during action observation, FES, and action observation with FES, which lasted for 7sper session for 10 times. All trials were repeated for 30 times. Simultaneously measured EEG raw data and rectified EMG signals were used to calculate CMC. Only confidence limit values above 0.0306 were used for analysis. CMC was divided into three frequency domains, andthe grand average coherence and peak coherence were computed. Repeated ANOVA was performed to analyze the coherence value difference for each condition's frequency band. Results: CMC showed significant differences in peak coherence and average coherence between the conditions (p<0.05). Action observation application with FES in all frequency band showed the highest peak and average coherence value. Conclusions: The results of this study are assumed to be the combination of increased eccentric information transfer from the sensorymotor cortex by action observation and an increased in concentric sensory input from the peripheral by the FES, suggesting that these are reflecting the sensorimotor integration process.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.196-204
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• 2024

Objective: Cortical Visual Impairment (CVI) is a leading cause of pediatric blindness and the most common form of pediatric visual disability, particularly prevalent among children with cerebral palsy (CP). This systematic review synthesizes the latest research on various interventions for managing CVI, focusing on studies published in the last decade. Design: A systematic review Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in March 2024 across several databases including MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science. Studies were selected based on inclusion criteria set under the PICOSD framework and were limited to those involving human subjects, published in English, and conducted within the past ten years. The selected studies included randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case reports focusing on rehabilitation, therapy, and surgical interventions for CVI. Results: Out of 221 studies screened, 5 met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed in detail. These studies covered a range of interventions including physiotherapy, sensory integration training, visual training programs, neuromotor rehabilitation, and surgical procedures aimed at improving visual function and overall quality of life for CVI patients. Conclusions: The studies demonstrate the potential benefits of structured, early intervention programs that incorporate family involvement and are tailored to the unique needs of children with CVI. However, there remains a significant need for further research to establish evidence-based practices in this field.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.59-73
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• 2023

목적 : 본 연구는 COVID-19 상황 속 자폐스펙트럼 장애아동의 놀이 활동과 관련된 문헌을 분석하여 재난으로 인한 아동의 놀이 활동 참여 변화를 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : Arskey와 O'Malley가 제시한 주제범위 문헌고찰의 5단계에 따라 진행되었다. COVID-19가 발표된 2020년 3월부터 2022년 8월까지 CINAHL, PubMed, ERIC, MEDLINE, Google scholar 데이터베이스와 Google 검색엔진을 통해 영문 문헌과 웹사이트 정보를 검색하였다. 문헌의 출판연도, 연구가 이루어진 국가, 연구유형, 대상자 연령, 대상자 수, 연구 결과 등의 10가지 항목에 따라 데이터를 정리하였다. 양적 자료를 통해 관련 주제의 일반적 특성을 알아보았고, 주제 분석을 통해 COVID-19로 인한 아동의 놀이 양상 변화를 확인하였다. 결과 : 437개의 문헌 및 152개의 웹사이트 정보를 검토하여 최종적으로 6개의 문헌이 분석되었다. 분석된 연구는 다양한 나라와 분야의 전문가들에 의해 수행되었다. 문헌에서 공통으로 강조된 5가지 주제는 COVID-19로 인한 자폐스펙트럼 장애아동의 실외 놀이 감소, 스크린 이용 시간 증가, 가족 간 시간 증가, 감각적 어려움, 그리고 연구자가 권고하는 서비스로 나타났다. 결론 : 본 연구에서는 재난 상황 시 자폐스펙트럼 장애아동이 경험하는 놀이 활동 참여의 어려움을 해결하기 위해 주양육자와 자녀가 함께할 수 있는 공동 미디어 참여, 부모 행동 전략 교육 등의 비대면 프로그램을 제안한다. 연구 결과는 향후 재난 상황 시 장애아동의 놀이 활동의 중요성을 강조하고, 이를 지원하기 위한 작업치료사의 역할과 서비스 지침을 체계화하는 데에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2016

목적 : 우리나라 학령전기 아동을 대상으로 운동 적합성 검사(Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2: BOT-2) 단축형을 사용하여 학령전기 아동의 운동 능력을 제시하고, BOT-2의 표준화를 위한 선행 연구로서 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 부산과 김해의 만 4세~6세 81명의 아동을 대상으로 BOT-2 단축형을 사용하여 대상자의 운동능력을 평가하였다. 기술 통계분석을 사용하여 운동능력의 평균값, 표준편차를 제시하였고, 성별과 나이에 따른 운동능력의 차이는 독립 t 검정과 분산 분석을 사용하였다. 결과 : 만 4세와 5세간 원점수 총점에서 유의한 차이를 보였고(p = .000), 만 5세와 6세간의 미세운동 정확성 항목에서 유의한 차이가 있었다(p = .014). 미세운동정확성, 미세운동 통합, 균형 항목에서 여자의 평균이 높았다(p = .022, p = .006, p = .031). BOT-2 개발 대상 아동에 비해 4세와 5세 아동은 높은 원점수 평균을 나타내었고(p = .007, p = .000), 전 연령에서 높은 표준 점수를 보였다. 결론 : 본 연구는 전 학령기 아동의 운동능력에 대한 각 항목의 평균을 제시하였고, 나이와 성별에 따른 운동능력의 차이를 발견하였다. 학령전기 아동으로 연령이 제한되어 일반화의 한계가 있으나 BOT-2 단축형 학령전기 아동 규준 데이터를 제공하는 점에서 의의가 있다.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2011

최근 대규모 재난 재해의 발생빈도가 증가하고 있으며 이로 인한 인명 재산 피해를 최소화하고 신속한 복구를 위하여 긴급 상황에 빠르게 대처해야 한다. 긴급 상황에 보다 효율적으로 대처하기 위하여 발생 지역의 공간정보를 신속 정확하게 취득하는 것이 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서 신속하게 대상지역의 고해상도 공간정보를 취득할 수 있는 저고도 무인 항공기 기반의 근접 실시간 공중 모니터링 시스템을 개발하고 있다. 근접 실시간 공중 모니터링 시스템은 항공 플랫폼과 디지털카메라, 레이저스캐너, GPS/IMU와 같은 멀티센서, 센서의 지원모듈로 구성되는 항공부문과 지상 차량, 항공부분으로부터 실시간 센서 데이터를 수신하는 수신부와 고속으로 공간 정보를 생성하는 처리부로 구성되는 지상부문으로 이루어진다. 항공부문은 저고도 무인항공기를 플랫폼으로 하며 저가 경량의 센서들과 자체 개발된 지원시스템으로 이루어지는 구성의 독창성을 가지며 지상부문은 센서데이터를 실시간으로 수신 및 처리하여 대상지의 공간정보를 고속으로 제공한다는 차별성을 가진다. 현재 시스템의 하드웨어는 개발 완료된 상태이며 개별 소프트웨어 통합 및 시스템 검증을 수행하고 있다. 본 논문에서 개발 중의 시스템을 소개하고 현재까지의 연구 성과, 향후 기대되는 최종 성과를 제시하고자 한다.