• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.469-478
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• 2013

The effects of tapioca starch (TS) and tapioca modified starch (TMS) as additives on the quality characteristics of rice cookies were investigated in this study. The amounts of TS and TMS replaced were 5, 10 and 15%(w/w) based on 100 g of rice flour. At the result of rapid viscosity analyser (RVA) properties of rice flour added with starches, peak, trough, and final viscosity of rice flour added with TMS decreased significantly(p<0.05). Hardness of dough and cookies as measured by Texture analyzer (TA) significantly decreased upon addition of TMS, and hardness of cookies significantly decreased upon addition of TS, hardness of cookies TMS lower than TS. L value of dough and cookies increased upon addition of TMS, whereas a value decreased upon addition of TMS. Spreadability of cookies increased upon addition of TMS, 10% TMS is the highest. Bulk density of dough decreased upon addition of TMS, bulk density of cookies decreased upon addition of TS and TMS, and bulk density of TMS cookie lower than TS cookie. In sensory evaluation, 10% TS added rice cookies showed the highest score in overall acceptability, hardness, brittleness, color, softness, taste and flavor, and 15% TS added rice cookies showed the highest score in appearance. And 15% TMS added rice cookies showed the highest score in overall acceptability, taste, brittleness, flavor, and 10% TMS added rice cookies showed the highest score in hardness, flavor, taste and color. It is indicated that the quality characteristics and sensory characteristics of the rice cookie can be improved by adding TS and TMS.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.193-203
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• 2006

The quality characteristics of cookies containing black rice flour, which has a greater variety of functional components than wheat flour, were studied. The results of the pasting properties shows that the inclusion of black rice flour to the wheat flour-mixture did not affect the pasting temperature but increased the enthalpy, indicating that more energy is needed for the starch gelatinization. The total dietary fiber and total polyphenol content increased and the cookies color became darker and deeper with increasing black rice flour content. According to the results from TA on texture, the hardness decreased and the crispness increased significantly (both, p<0.001) with increasing black rice flour content. From the acceptance test, the appearance, aroma and texture of the cookies with added black rice flour were significantly (p<0.001) lower than those of the wheat flour cookies. However, the taste and overall acceptance of the cookies with added black rice (lour did not differ significantly from those of the wheat flour cookies. According to the results from the sensory evaluation, the aroma, black rice flavor, crispness, graininess and color(gray-violet) of the cookies increased significantly(p<0.001) with increasing black rice flour content and those of the cookies with 30% black rice flour had the highest values among the cookies which weren't significantly different from those of the cookies with 20% black rice flour. From the above results, the optimal ratio for the addition of black rice flour to the cookies was 10% from the viewpoint of the sensory evaluation and functional components.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.71-79
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• 1987

한과류의 관능적 품질특성을 조사하기 위하여 약과, 세반강정, 산자, 송화다식, 들깨엿강정에 대한 품질표현용어를 77명의 설문자를 대상으로 조사하였으며 이 결과 90여종의 표현용어를 수집하였다. 이들 용어중 58종의 표현용어는 국어대사전에 수록되어 있었으며 한과의 종류별 주요품질요소를 표현빈도수에 근거하여 결정하였다. 한과류를 실온에서 10일간 상대습도 $0{\sim}68%$ 범위에서 저장하였을 때 주요품질요소의 변화를 관능검사로 평가하였다. 저장상대습도의 변화에 따른 한과류 종류별 주요 관능적 품질요소의 변화 양상을 정량적 묘사 분석법으로 도해함으로서 일목요연하게 표시할 수 있었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.483-492
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 부산물인 율피를 이용해 쿠키를 제조하여 그 품질특성을 조사하고 식재료로서의 가능성을 알아보고자 하였다. 쿠키는 제조 시 사용되는 밀가루에 대해 율피가루를 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% 첨가하여 쿠키를 제조하였으며, 모든 쿠키는 $180^{\circ}C$에서 10분간 예열된 오븐에서 20분 동안 구웠고, 구운 쿠키는 상온에서 24시간 동안 식힌 후 실험에 이용하였다. 제조한 쿠키는 수분함량, 굽기 손실률, 퍼짐성, 색도 측정, 경도 측정과 관능검사를 실시하여 각 쿠키의 품질 특성을 알아보았다. 그 결과 율피가루를 첨가한 쿠키의 수분함량은 율피가루 함량에 따라 유의적인 차이가 나타냈으며(p<0.001), 쿠키의 퍼짐성과 색도의 L값(밝기)와 b값(황색도)는 율피가루 함량이 증가할수록 감소되어 실험군간의 유의적인 차이를 보였으나(p<0.001) 반면 쿠키의 경도와 적색값은 쿠키 제조 시 율피가루 함량이 증가할수록 유의적인 차이를 보이며 증가하였다(p<0.001). 관능평가 결과, 율피가루 20% 첨가 쿠키가 색, 조직감, 전체적인 기호도면에서 다른 실험군에 비해 가장 높은 점수를 나타내었다. 따라서 위의 실험결과를 정리하면 율피가루를 첨가한 쿠키 제조 시 율피가루 대체 비율은 20%가 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났고 율피가루는 소비자의 기호를 충족시키고 기능성을 증가시키는 데 있어 쿠키의 좋은 재료가 될 것으로 여겨진다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.428-434
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• 2014

Physicochemical properties, sensory characteristics, and consumer acceptability of cookies produced with oat and barley powder were evaluated. Oat and barley powder was incorporated into cookie dough at 6 levels: oat : barley = 100:0 (S1), 80:20 (S2), 60:40 (S3), 40:60 (S4), 20:80 (S5), 0:100 (S6) and control. pH of the cookie dough was lowest in the S6 group and highest in the control, S1, S2, and S3 groups. There were no significant differences in density. The spread ratio and loss rate of cookies increased significantly with an increase in content of barley powder. The leavening rate of the S1 cookie group was the lowest. With regard to color, the a-values and b-values of cookies increased with a rise in content of oat powder, and the L-value increased with an increase in barley powder content. Analysis of cookie texture showed that hardness was highest in the S6 group with barley and lowest in the S1 group, but there was no significant difference between the control group and other experimental groups. In the sensory evaluation of cookies, there was no significant difference between the control and experimental groups in roasted nuttiness and sweetness. In overall acceptance of cookies, S6 was the least acceptable and S1, S2, and S3 were the most acceptable. Results suggest that oat powder is a suitable ingredient for increasing the functionality of cookies and consumer acceptability.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.229-233
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics of cookies added with different levels of tomato powder. Cookies were prepared with five different levels of tomato powder (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0%) and the physicochemical properties were examined. The pH of cookie dough decreased significantly by the addition of tomato powder (p<0.05). Crude protein and ash content of the cookies containing 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% tomato powder were significantly higher than those of control and those with 2.5% (p<0.05). The spread factor of control cookie was lower than that of cookies containing 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0% tomato powder. The incorporation of tomato powder in cookies lowered the lightness values but increased redness and yellowness values. Rheology testing showed that cookies with 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0% tomato powder had significantly lower hardness value than control. Sensory evaluation revealed that overall desirability scores were not significantly different between control and tomato powder added groups. Therefore, cookies with up to 10.0% added tomato powder would be as acceptable as control cookies without depressing cookie quality.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.348-355
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• 2013

시판되는 쌀 가공식품의 시장 조사 결과, 쌀과자류는 전체 조사 쌀 가공식품의 약 28%를 차지하고 있었으며, 쌀과자류를 세분하면, 비스켓류 34%, 쌀 스낵류 34%, 건과류 5%, 한과 27% 등으로 구성되어 있고, 쌀 함량 30~80%의 제품이 50%의 분포를 차지하고 있었다. 또한 대기업보다는 중소기업이 더 많은 제품을 출시하고 있었으며, 원료쌀의 원산지는 국내쌀 75%, 수입쌀 25%의 분포를 보였다. 국내 대형 마트에서 구입한 쌀과자 제품 중 소비자 선호도가 높은 10종의 쌀과자를 대상으로 QDA와 PCA 방법을 사용하여 관능적 특성을 비교하였다. 관능 평가를 위한 묘사항목으로는 단맛, 짠맛, 고소한맛, 바삭함, 단단함, 껄끄러움, 찐득함을 선정하고 전체적인 선호도를 함께 측정하였다. 쌀 함량은 30% 이하, 30~80%, 80~100%로 구분하였고, 가공 방법은 구움, 유탕처리, 팽화로 구분하여 평가하였다. 그 결과 쌀 함량 30% 이하에서 고소하고 바삭하며, 껄끄러운 조직감을 부여하는 유탕처리 방법으로 가공한 쌀과자가 가장 높은 선호도를 보였다. 이와 더불어 한국 쌀과자의 선호도에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 관능적 특성은 고소한 맛으로 평가되었다. 한국, 중국, 일본, 미국 등 4 개국 쌀과자의 관능적 특성을 비교한 결과, 한국의 쌀과자들은 단맛과 고소한 맛이 강하고, 짜지 않으며 바삭함이 강한 특징을 나타내었고, 일본 쌀과자는 단맛이 적고 짠맛이 강하며 바삭함이 강한 특징을 나타내었다. 미국의 쌀과자는 단맛이 강하고 찐득한 정도가 높은 특성을 가지는 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 같은 종류의 쌀과자라고 하여도 각 나라별가 관능적 품질 특성은 뚜렷한 차이를 보이고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.517-523
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• 2017

Hovenia dulcis fruit powder (HFP) has shown diverse functional activities; thus, it is rational to incorporate HFP into suitable food products with enhanced nutritional and functional quality, and their incorporation into bakery products such as cookies could be a good alternative for the increase of consumption. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of HFP addition on the quality characteristics of cookies. The pH of cookie doughs ranged from 5.80-6.34, with no remarkable differences by HFP addition. Density of cookie doughs significantly decreased upon addition of HFP (p<0.05), but there were no significant differences among samples added with HFP (p>0.05). Moisture content and spread factor of cookies significantly increased with higher content of HFP in the formulation (p<0.05). For color values of cookie surface, $L^*$ and $b^*-values$ decreased while $a^*-value$ increased as a result of HFP substitution (p<0.05). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities were significantly increased (p<0.05) with higher substitution of HFP, showing a positive correlation. Hedonic sensory results indicated that cookies supplemented with 4% HFP received the most favorable acceptance scores for sensory attributes. Overall, HFP-added cookies could be developed with improved physicochemical qualities without sacrificing consumer acceptability.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.948-953
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• 2009

Apple and apricot powders (APL-P and APR-P) were produced from apple and apricot fruits and they were used in cookie formulation at the levels of 10-40% (in flour bases). The APL-P and APR-P were rich in terms of total dietary fiber (TDF) and antioxidant power. The APR-P supplemented cookies had higher spread ratio and lower hardness values than the APL-P supplemented ones at all addition levels. The color values of the APR-P supplemented cookies were all acceptable. Overall sensory scores of the cookies supplemented with APL-P and APR-P were not significantly different from the control up to 20% addition. TDF contents of the supplemented cookies increased significantly with increasing addition level (p<0.01). The replacement of flour by APL-P and APR-P in wire-cut cookies showed that the physical characteristics and textural properties of the cookies were significantly affected (p<0.01) and APR-P appeared to be a more suitable replacer of flour than APL-P. Addition of both fruit powders upto 20% into the cookie formulation were evaluated as acceptable in terms of the sensory properties.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.307-312
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• 2010

Sugar snap cookies were prepared with the addition of carrot powder (2~12%) as a source of dietary fiber. Analyses of physiochemical properties, rheology and sensory evaluation of the cookies were conducted. Increasing carrot powder content weakened the flour, as evidenced by decreased diameter and increased thickness, which resulted in decreased spread factor. The water content of the carrot powder-amended cookies and unamended flour was not significantly different. The pH and L values progressively decreased and a and b values progressively increased with increasing addition of carrot powder. Textural analysis revealed no significant differences in brittleness with carrot powder addition, even though brittleness did decrease with the addition of more carrot powder. Sensory evaluation revealed a preference for cookies prepared with 2~4% carrot powder, with decreased preference at powder concentrations exceeding 6%. Addition of a dried vegetable with high fiber content caused the dietary fiber to absorb much water content, resulting in decreased diameter, increased thickness and decreased spread factor. Therefore, it is deemed desirable to increase the spread factor by controlling the water content and adding emulsifiers so as to enhance the functionality and maintain the quality of cookies.