• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.25-37
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• 2009

유전성 말초신경병은 유전운동감각신경병증, 유전운동신경병증, 유전감각신경병증으로 분류된다. 이들은 세부 아형들로 더 세분화된다. 여기서 우리는 유전성 말초신경병증의 분자적 진단과 치료적 전략에 관한 최근의 발견을 제시하고자 한다. 유전성 말초신경병증의 표현형과 연관된 유전자의 산물은 신경구조유지, 축삭의 수송, 신경신호 변환, 세포보전과 관계된 기능들에 중요하다. 유전성 말초신경병증의 분자적 기초의 수립과 관련 유전자들과 그들의 기능에 관한 연구는 이러한 신경퇴행성 질환들의 병리 생리학적 기전과 말초신경계의 기능 및 정상적 발달에 관련된 일련의 과정을 이해하는데 중요하다. 말초신경병의 병인에대한 이해와 이러한 접근은 미래에 보조적 그리고 치유적 치료들을 개발하는데 있어 유전성 말초신경병증의 환자들의 진단과 관리에 도움이 될 것이다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2005

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is known as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the neurons of the central nervous system. However, its detailed action mechanisms in the rostral gustatory zone of the nucleus tractus solitarius (rNTS) have not been established. The present study was aimed to investigate the distribution, role and action mechanisms of GABA in rNTS. Membrane potentials were recorded by whole cell recordings in isolated brain slices of the rat medulla. Superfusion of GABA resulted in a concentration-dependent reduction in input resistance in the neurons in rNTS. The change in input resistance ws accompanied by response to a depolarizing pulse were diminished by GABA. Superfusion of the slices with either $GABA_A$ agonist, muscimol, $GABA_B$ agonist, baclofen or $GABA_C$ agonist, TACA, decreased input resistance and reduced the nerve activity in association with membrane hyperpolarization. It is suggested that inhibitory signals playa role in sensory processing by the rNTS, in that GABA actions occur through activation of $GABA_A,\;GABA_B\;and\;GABA_C$ receptor. These results suggest that GABA has an inhibitory effect on the rNTS through an activation of $GABA_A,\;GABA_B\;and\;GABA_C$ receptors and that the GABAergic inhibition probably plays an important role in sensory processing by the rNTS.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.197-203
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• 1982

A study was carried out in order to obtain the status of student sickness and medical care in University Health Service, Ewha Womans University. This study was based on the clinical records of University Health Service and hospitals 'for student insurance pay claims during the year of 1981. And the findings from the study were as follows; 1. A total number of student patients cared at University Health Service in 1981 was 9,822 and the incidence rate of primary cared was 773 per 1,000 students. 2. A total number of student patients cared at hospitals was 393 and the incidence rate of secondary cared was 31 per 1,000 students and 5 student out of 31 per 1000 was cared under the haspitalization. 3. The evacuation rate of student patients from University Health Service to hospital was 393 out of 9,822 student primary cared or 4.0 percent. 4. The order of 5 major diseases of primary cared in University Health Service was respiratory system diseases (36.6%), Digestive system diseases (17.4%), Skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases (16.0%), Symptoms and undetermined diagnosis (13.7%) and Nerve and sensory organ diseases (12.0%) respectively. 5. The disease order of student patients(333) cared in hospitals as out-patients was Skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases (40.3%), Nervous and Sensory organ disease (19.2%), Digestive system diseases (10.8%) respectively. 6. The disease order of student patients (60) cared in hospitals as in-patients was Digestive system diseases (35.0%), Respiratory system diseases (13.3%), Nerve and sensory organ diseases (10.0%), Infectious and parasitic diseases (10.0%), and Symptom and Undetermined diagonsis (10.0%) respectively. 7. The evacuation rate of student patients in University Health Service to hospital was varied according to disease groups; the lowest rate was the diseases evacuated to Internal Medicine Department 1.5% or 75 out of 5,072 patient primary cared and the highest rate was Neuropsychiatry department 63.7% or 7 out of 11 patients. 8. The monthly distribution of student patients in University Health Service was the highest in September (17.9%) and April (15.5%) each semester. 9. The monthly number of student patients treated in hospitals was the range 20 to 40 in out patients and 2 to 9 in in-patients. 10. The hospital ill days per case were $4.3{\pm}5.0$ days in out-patients and $9.7{\pm}9.5$ days in in-patients.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.187-199
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• 1999

Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is used for muscle reeducation, reduction of spasticity, delay of atrophy, and muscle strengthening. FES stronger stimulation than other forms of electrical stimulation. The efficacy of FES in improving function has been substantiated in the literature. Treatment programs employing FES - activation of muscular tissue through the intact peripheral nervous system - can be broken into five major categories, according to the goal of treatment. These broad areas would include the use of FES to: (1) a direct excitation onto the alpha motoneuron, through peripheral stimulation of the Ia myotatic sensory system and ascending afferent information, which will be integrated at conscious and subconscious level of the CNS. (2) The quality of a stimulated muscle contraction is determined by combination of many parameters, including stimulus amplitude, pulse duration, stimulus frequency, and duty cycle. (3) A unit that has a pulse duration between 200 and $400{\mu}sec$ will be more than adequate for FES applications. (4) The neuromuscular plasticity is critically important to return of function using muscle re-education and facilitation applications. (5) Prior to using FES as an electrical orthosis, the patient should build up endurance in the muscles to be stimu1ated during the gait cycle.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2015년도 제46회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1243-1244
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• 2015

Finding solutions for the disabled is a major challenge for our society. In the case of a disability due to a malfunction of the nervous system, the origin may be accidental, genetic, or induced by environmental factors. This type of loss can cause loss or movement disorders (paraplegia, hemiplegia, quadriplegia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, etc.) or malfunction of certain sensory functions (blindness, deafness, chronic pain, etc.). Many alternatives, more technology, have been imported to create interfaces between the human body and an artificial prosthesis in order to restore some functions of the human body. A wireless system, battery neurons probe was developed for one hand reading neural signals in the brain, and on the other hand also able to excite the neuron in the brain using a surface acoustic wave one ports (SAW) delay line reflection.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.136-140
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• 2016

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is one of the common musculoskeletal conditions of the shoulder which may develop sensory-motor and autonomic dysfunctions at the various level of the neuromuscular system. The pain and dysfunction caused by MPS were primarily treated with physical therapy and pharmacological agents in order to achieve painfree movements. However, in recent years intramuscular electrical stimulation (IMES) with conventional electrode placement was used by researchers to maximise therapeutic values. But, in this study an inverse electrode placement was used to deliver electrical impulses intramuscularly to achieve neuro-modulation at the various level of the nervous system. Nine patients with MPS were treated with intramuscular electrode stimulation using inversely placed electrodes for a period of three weeks. All nine subjects recovered from their shoulder pain and disability within the few weeks of intervention. So, this inverse electrode placement may be more appropriate for chronic pain management.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2003

Objectives: The purpose of this article is to summarize the effect of stretch stimulus on muscle contraction facilitation. Methods : Some studies of the stretch reflex. ${\gamma}-motor$ system, and the effect of stretch stimulus on muscle activation were reviewed. Results : To facilitate muscle contraction, before the movement is started, the prime mover is in stretched position. The patient must be instructed to occur voluntary muscle contraction after quick stretching. It elicits the functional stretch reflex to produce a more powerful and functional contraction. The intensity of muscle contraction depends on two ways. One is firing rate of ${\alpha}-motor$ neuron by sensory information from the periphery induced in stretched position and stretch reflex. The other is excitation level of the cortical motor area and the corresponding motor neurons. Conclusions: To activate central nervous system and to increase firing rate of ${\alpha}-motor$ neuron. the therapist should apply quick stretch for the patient with stretched position and the patient should make voluntary muscle contraction.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2019

마우스 배아 줄기 세포는 신경 세포 분화가 가능한 세포의 대안적인 공급원이 될 수 있으며 잠재적으로 신경계 질환의 치료에 유용하게 사용될 수있다. 우리는 배아 줄기 세포 (ESCs)가 신경 분화를 유도하도록 유도 될 수 있는지를 조사했다. 신경 세포 유도 후, mESC의 표현형이 뉴런의 형태학으로 변하였고, mESCs는 실험쥐 뇌의 측 뇌실로 주입되었다. 이식 된 세포는 뇌의 여러 부위로 이동하였고 중대뇌동맥 결찰에 의한 허혈성 뇌혈관 손상부위에 이식된 줄기세포군이 손상된 피질부위로 집중적으로 이동하여 손상복구 기전을 증가시켰다. mESCs의 뇌내 이식은 MCAO 쥐의 기능적 결손의 감각 및 운동 회복을 유의 적으로 향상시킨다. 이러한 데이터는 이식 된 mESC가 허혈성 미세 환경에서 생존, 이동 및 분화하고 쥐에서 뇌졸중 후 신경 기능 회복을 향상 시킨다는 것을 나타낸다. 따라서 우리는 mESC의 이식이 인간 신경계 손상 및 퇴행성 장애에 대한 강력한 이식 치료법을 제공 할 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2009년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.183-185
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• 2009

As imaging technology develops, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques have contributed to the understanding of brain function by providing anatomical structure of the brain and functional imaging related to information processing. Manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) techniques can provide useful information about functions of the nervous system. However, systematic studies regarding information processing of pain have not been conducted. The purpose of this study was to detect brain activation during painful electrical stimulation using MEMRI with high spatial resolution. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) were divided into 3 groups: normal control, sham stimulation, and electric stimulation. Rats were anesthetized with 2.5% isoflurane for surgery. Polyethylene catheter (PE-10) was placed in the external carotid artery to administrate mannitol and MnCl2. The blood brain barrier (BBB) was broken by 20% D-mannitol under anesthesia mixed with urethane and a-chloralose. The hind limb was electrically stimulated with a 2Hz (10V) frequency while MnCl2 was infused. Brain activation induced by electrical stimulation was detected using a 4.7 T MRI. Remarkable signal enhancement was observed in the primary sensory that corresponds to sensory tactile stimulation at the hind limb region. These results suggest that signal enhancement is related to functional activation following electrical stimulation of the peripheral receptive field.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1346-1351
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• 2009

Neural crest는 신경계의 발생과정에서 생긴 특정화된 외배엽으로서 말초신경계(peripheral nervous system)의 모든 sensory cells과 peripheral cells, unipolar spinal ganglion cell, cranial sensory ganglia, peripheral nerve의 neurolemmal sheath cells, ganglia의 capsule cells, sympathetic ganglia, chromaffin cells, pigment cell 등의 자율신 경계의 대부분의 세포로 분화 한다. 최근pluripotetic neural crest cells의 운명이 이미 제한되어 있으며, 이러한 fate-restricted crest cells이 neural tube에서 emigration된다고 보고된바 있다. 또한 본 연구자는 Wnt와 Wnt의 antagonist가 neural crest cell의 specification이 일어나는 시기에 발현하여, neural crest cell의 segregation과 differentiation에 직접적으로 관여함을 밝혔다. 이를 보다 명확히 규명하기 위해, 본 연구에서는 neural tube에 Wnt-3a expressing cell의 grafting 혹은 dominant negative GSK construct의 electroporation을 통해 Wnt signaling을 modulation 하여 downstream mediator를 조사하였다. Wnt signaling의 stimulation은 neural crest cell의 melanoblast 로의 commitment를 유도하였으며, 이와 더불어 cadherin 7과 slug의 발현을 조절함을 확인하였다.