• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.13-19
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• 2023

This study classified sensory affordances, functional affordances, and perceptual affordances, and verified their effects on consumers' participation and intention to stay in the metaverse. As a result of the study, sensory affordance, functional affordance, and perceptual affordance all had a positive effect on consumer participation, and sensory affordance had the greatest effect. In addition, consumer participation was found to increase the intention to stay. Service companies that provide metaverse platforms will have to pay more attention to realizing virtual space through various senses and physical elements when building a metaverse in order to encourage customers to actively participate in the service process. Since services based on the 4th industry, the participation of consumers needs to be more actively reviewed. From the perspective of affordance, it is expected that the realistic implementation of the metaverse environment and the interaction with various contents or avatars in the space will increase consumer participation.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.55-70
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• 2023

This study conducted a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis study on culture and arts information portals to ensure practical and universal use and activation of culture and arts information portals. The capabilities and influence of affordances and system literacy according to user experience regarding accessibility to cultural arts information portals are as follows. First, physical affordances in the culture and arts information portal were key conditions for the culture and arts information portal user experience regarding system accessibility, system understandability, system usability, system usability, and system literacy. Second, the functional affordance of the user experience in the cultural arts information portal was relatively low and unimportant, and when the functional affordance was low, the user's system accessibility, system understanding, system usefulness, system usability, and system literacy were increased. Third, if the user's functional affordance and sensory affordance are low in the culture and arts information portal, the system accessibility, system understanding, system usability, and system literacy of the culture and arts information portal users are increased. Fourth, cultural arts information portals must build an innovative system with a systematic approach appropriate for the user base by linking system literacy capabilities with a focus on physical affordances.

• Journal of Smart Tourism
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.37-46
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• 2021

The travel-related applications on a smartphone help tourists make a reservation before their trip conveniently; use a map, direction guidance, and translation services during the travel; evaluate and recommend travel services communicating with others after their journey. This study examines the relationships among affordances and constraints provided by the mini-program, users' perceived value, and travel-related mini-program (TRMP) usage by analyzing the structural equation modeling. An online questionnaire was developed from the available scales in the published literature. A total of 651 TRMP users responded to the survey, and 448 valid responses were included for analysis. Affordance, including physical, cognitive, sensory, and functional affordance, significantly influenced the hedonic value of TRMP; utilitarian value except for cognitive affordance. There were negative relationships between unfamiliarity and both types of value. The utilitarian and hedonic value of TRMP significantly influenced both the exploitative and explorative use of TRMP. Travel-related mobile applications are dramatically increased in the tourism field. This research sheds light on TRMP usage, as a new and smart device, from a user's perspective based on the affordance theory. This study represents a valuable direction regarding the emerging travel-related online platforms in tourism.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.63-75
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• 2022

In this study, the smart docent interface provided at 25 exhibition halls at domestic and foreign were compared and analyzed based on affordance. Heuristic evaluation techniques were adopted, centered on a small number of experienced people, and six research participants were selected based on Jacob Nielsen's guidelines that five to eight people per set of research can achieve sufficient results. As a result of comparative analysis of affordance, smart docent used in the Oriental showed a higher average value than smart docent used in the Western, but a lower value for sensory affordance alone. In addition, the categories were subdivided to derive the affordance values for each country, and a singularity was found that the sensory affordance of smart docents used in the United States represents the highest value compared to other countries. In conclusion, this study was able to compare the four affordances of smart docents used in domestic and foreign exhibition halls while presenting directions for future behavioral improvement, which could provide practical implication for smart docent interface design and exhibition hall service strategies.