• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.441-446
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• 2005

Sole reconstruction should consider both functional and aesthetic aspects; durable weight bearing surface, adequate contour for normal footwear, protective sensation and solid anchoring to deep tissue to resist shearing. The anterolateral thigh perforator free flap has such favorable characteristics as long pedicle, reliable perforators and minimal donor site morbidity. This flap can be safely thinned to 3-4 mm. It can also be elevated with sufficient bulk with muscles like vastus lateralis for complex defect. Between June 2002 and December 2004, 48 cases of sole reconstruction were performed with anterolateral thigh perforator free flaps. Follow up period ranged from 4 to 34 months with a mean of 14.7 months and with exception of one case, all flaps survived. One case of total flap loss was noted due to infection in a patient who was administered lifetime immunosuppressant. Partial necroses developed in three cases but were treated conservatively. Satisfactory aesthetic and functional results were achieved and acceptable gait recovery was noted. Seventy-eight percent of the patients regained protective sensation by 6 months and earlier sensory recovery was noted in sensate flap group. The authors also present a standardized protocol for preoperative patient evaluation and postoperative management and rehabilitation.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.116-123
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• 2017

Wearable robots are receiving great attention from the public, as well as researchers, because its motivation is to improve the quality of lives of people. Above all, complete paraplegic patients due to spinal cord injury (SCI) might be the most adequate target users of the wearable robots, because they definitely need physical assistance due to the complete loss of muscular strength and sensory functions. Furthermore, the medical care of complete paraplegics by using the wearable robots have significantly reduced the mortality rate and improved the life expectancy. The requirements of the wearable robot for complete paraplegics are actuation torque, locomotion speed, wearing sensation, robust gait stability, safety, and practicality (i.e., size, volume, weight, and energy efficiency). A WalkON Suit is the wearable robot that has satisfied the requirements of the wearable robot for complete paraplegics and participated in the powered exoskeleton race of Cybathlon 2016. In this paper, configuration of the WalkON Suit, human-machine interface, gait pattern, control algorithm, and evaluation results are introduced.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.35-41
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was carried out to investigate the spatiotemporal localization of the amygdaloid nucleus innervating the rat stomach using PRV-BaBlu, which has been known to be an excellent type of neurotracer with the ability to transpass the neuronalsynaptic cleft. Methods: Ninety Sprague-Dawley rats (250~300 g) that were injected with PRV-BaBlu into the stomach were randomly divided into 3, 4 and 5 day groups (each group n=30). $2{\mu}l$ of PRV-BaBlu, a genetically modified strain of PRV-Bartha with the lac-Z gene,was injected into the rat stomach and immunostained with a mouse anti-${\beta}$-galactosidase at 3, 4 and 5 days after the virus injection. Results: The PRV-BaBlu infected the neurons in the amygdaloid nucleus, and the degree of viral infection in experimental animals showed a tendency to increase significantly with time (p<0.05). The neurons between the left and right amygdaloid nucleus significantly differ (p<0.05). Conclusion: This showed that PRV-BaBlu was an excellent neurotracer for localizing the amygdaloid nucleus, and the amygdaloid nucleus has a sensory input and motor output on stomach movement, influencing emotional behavior.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.699-706
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• 2012

The water extract of Younggyechulgam-tang (YGCGT) has been traditionally used in treatment of tinnitus in Oriental Medicine. However, little is known about the mechanism by which YGCGT rescues ototoxicity. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the protective effect of YGCGT against cisplatin-induced toxicity in HEI-OC1 auditory cells, organotypic cultures of cochlear explants from three-day postnatal rats (P3). Pretreatment with YGCGT ameliorated apoptotic death induced by cisplatin in HEI-OC1 cells and organotypic cultures of Corti's organ. YGCGT pretreatment also significantly suppressed cisplatin-induced increases in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Treatment with YGCGT resulted in an increased expression of HO-1 and Bcl-2. These results suggest that YGCGT induced HO-1 signaling pathway, which ultimately prevents free radical stresses from cisplatin and further contributes to protect auditory sensory hair cells from free radicals produced by cisplatin.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.215-218
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• 2015

Occasionally, unexpected neurological deficits occur after lumbar spinal surgery. We report a case of monoparesis after lumbar decompressive surgery. A 63-year-old man, who had undergone decompression of L4-5 for spinal stenosis 4 days previously in the other hospital, visted the emergency department with progressive weakness in the left leg and hypoesthesia below sensory level T7 on the right side. He had been cured of lung cancer with chemotherapy and radiation therapy 10 years previously, but detailed information of radiotherapy was not available. Whole spine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed fatty marrow change from T1 to T8, most likely due to previous irradiation. The T2-weighted MR image showed a high-signal T4-5 spinal cord lesion surrounded by a low signal rim, and the T1-weighted MR image showed focal high signal intensity with focal enhancement. The radiological diagnosis was vascular disorders with suspicious bleeding. Surgical removal was refused by the patient. With rehabilitation, the patient could walk independently without assistance 2 months later. Considering radiation induced change at thoracic vertebrae, vascular disorders may be induced by irradiation. If the spinal cord was previously irradiated, radiation induced vascular disorders needs to be considered.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.192-196
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• 2013

We have investigated the changes of electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG) under pulsed magnetic field (PMF) and acupuncture stimulus on acupoint PC9. In order to compare quantitatively the effect of PMF and acupuncture stimulus, the difference of alpha activities are calculated from EEG spectra, and the spectrum curves of ECG were analyzed in the frequency domain of heart rate variability (HRV). The increase of alpha activities after both stimuli could be explained that the impulse of stimulus on PC9 might pass through sensory nerve following meridian and approach the cerebral cortex, causing the central nervous system (CNS) to be activated for pacifying emotion and calming the mind. The decrease in sympathovagal activity of HRV after both stimuli indicates that parasympathetic nerves were activated and the sympathetic nerves were in constrained condition. These findings suggest that PMF could be patient-friendly alternative non-invasive medical treatment for influencing human physiology, in comparison with acupuncture inserting the needle and inducing nervous and anxious state to subject.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.171-178
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• 2012

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) has been applied successfully to treat chronic migraine, dystonia, spasticity and temporomandubular disorders(TMDs) as well as frontal wrinkle and glabella wrinkle. Recently it has been reported that BoNT-A, reversibly blocks presynaptic acetylcholine release, also inhibits the release of substance P, CGRP(calcitonin gene related peptide) and glutamate related to peripheral sensitization and neurogenic inflammation in sensory nerve, In this study we reviewed animal nerve injury model such as rat and rabbit and identify the analgesic effect and mechanism of nerve injury pain after dental treatment.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.46-49
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• 2015

Carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication is a leading cause of severe neuropsychological impairments. Peripheral nerve injury has rarely been reported. Following are brief statements describing the motor peripheral neuropathy involved bilateral lower extremities of a patient who recovered following acute carbon monoxide poisoning. After inhalation of smoke from a fire, a 60-year-old woman experienced bilateral leg weakness without edema or injury. Neurological examination showed diplegia and deep tendon areflexia in lower limbs. There was no sensory deficit in lower extremities, and no cognitive disturbances were detected. Creatine kinase was normal. Electroneuromyogram patterns were compatible with the diagnosis of bilateral axonal injury. Clinical course after normobaric oxygen and rehabilitation therapy was marked by complete recovery of neurological disorders. Peripheral neuropathy is an unusual complication of CO intoxication. Motor peripheral neuropathy involvement of bilateral lower extremities is exceptional. Various mechanisms have been implicated, including nerve compression secondary to rhabdomyolysis, nerve ischemia due to hypoxia, and direct nerve toxicity of carbon monoxide. Prognosis is commonly excellent without sequelae. Emergency physicians should understand the possible-neurologic presentations of CO intoxication and make a proper decision regarding treatment.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.1140-1147
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• 2003

We have examined the effect on neck-muscle activation of altering whole body posture. A Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) was trained to produce sinusoidal (0.25 Hz) head tracking movements in the sagittal plane when seated with trunk and head vertical or while standing in the quadrupedal position. Video-fluoroscopic images of cervical vertebral motion, and electromyographic (EMG) responses were recorded simultaneously. Results demonstrated that vertebral motion varied with body posture, occurring synchronously between all joints in the upright position and primarily at skull-$C_1$ when in the quadrupedal position. Muscle EMG activation was significantly greater (P<0.001) in the quadrupedal position than when upright for all muscles except semispinalis cervicis. Peak activation of all the muscles occurred prior to peak head extension in the quadrupedal position, suggesting synchronous activity between muscles. Data suggest that, when upright, muscles were activated in functional groupings defined by their anatomical arrangement. In the quadrupedal position, gravity acting on the horizontally oriented head produced greater activation and a collective response of the muscles.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1791-1796
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• 2019

Background: Vibration exercise after ankle surgery improves proprioception and ankle muscle strength through vibration stimulation. Objective: To examine the effects of vibration exercise on the ankle stability. Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial (single blind) Methods: Twenty soccer players were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The Vibration exercise program was conducted 12 weeks and 3 times a week. Ankle joint proprioceptive sensory test and Isokinetic muscle strength test were performed using Biodex system pro III to measure plantar flexion / dorsiflexion and eversion / inversion motion. Results: The result of isokinetic test of ankle joint is showed significant improvement in all measurement items, such as leg flexion, lateral flexion, external and internal muscle forces, compared to previous ones by performing vibration movements for 12 weeks. However, in the comparison group, plantar flexor ($30^{\circ}$), eversion muscle ($120^{\circ}$), inversion ($30^{\circ}$) of limb muscle strength were significantly improved compared with the previous phase; was no significant difference in dorsi-flexion. There was no significant difference between groups in all the items. Conclusions: In this study, we analyzed the effects of rehabilitation exercise on soccer players who had reconstructed with an ankle joint ligament injury through vibration exercise device. As a result, we could propose an effective exercise method to improve the ability, and confirmed the applicability as an appropriate exercise program to prevent ankle injuries and help quick return.