• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.203-212
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• 2009

Objectives : Spurling test is one of the most widely used physical tests to diagnose herniated cervical intervertebral disc. The purpose of this study is to analyse diagnostic validity of Spurling test. Methods : This study was carried out on 382 subjects who visited Bu-Chun Ja-Seng oriental hospital with the neck pain or radiating pain from neck to upper extremities from November, 2007 to October, 2008. All subjects underwent both Spurling test and cervical magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). The associations between Spurling test and herniated cervical intervertebral disc were analysed. Results : 1. The sensitivity of Spurling test for herniated cervical intervertebral disc was 64%. 2. The specificity of Spurling test for herniated cervical intervertebral disc was 86%. 3. The positive predictive value of Spurling test for herniated cervical intervertebral disc was 93%. 4. The negative predictive value of Spurling test for herniated cervical intervertebral disc was 44%. Conclusions : This study suggests that Spurling test is not useful in screening for herniated cervical intervertebral disc due to the test's relatively low sensitivity. Thus it is necessary to consult advanced tests such as diagnostic imaging to diagnose herniated cervical intervertebral disc.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.218-230
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• 2012

This study examines the influence of innovativeness and price sensitivity on the purchase intention of smart wear. A total of 211 copies of data were analyzed to investigate a structural model and test research hypotheses using AMOS 7.0 package. The results were summarized as follows. First, fashion innovativeness and technology innovativeness negatively affected price sensitivity; however, information innovativeness positively affected price sensitivity. Second, technology innovativeness positively affected the purchase intention of smart wear; however, fashion innovativeness and information innovativeness did not affect the purchase intention of smart wear. Third, price sensitivity negatively influenced the purchase intention of smart wear. This study is useful for marketers and managers who establish marketing and a price strategy for smart wear in an exploration of the relation of consumer innovativeness, price sensitivity, and the purchase intention of smart wear.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.297-307
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• 1990

To establish an agar-gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test for detection of antibodies to Aujeszky's disease virus(ADV) in swine, the precipitating antigens were prepared by four procedures using the Aujeszky's disease virus, NYJ-1-87 strain isolated from the affected piglets in Korea. The optimal condition for AGID test and the properties of the antigens were investigated. To determine the optimal concentration of antigens, four antigens were experimentally prepared by concentrating the viral fluids by 1/30 to 1/200. It was proved that the antigen precipitated with ammonium sulfate at concentration of 1/100 was the most efficient to detect ADV antibodies by AGID test. When the relationship between the concentration of the antigens and the size of precipitating in radial immunodiffusion test was investigated, a high correlation coefficiency at r=0.95 (y=0.23x+23.4) was estimated, In study on the effects of various buffered salt solutions and agars on the sensitivity of AGID test by using the experimental ADV antigens, it was found that 0.05M tris buffer without sodium chloride at pH 7.2 induced the most distinctive precipitating lines, and that there was no significant differences in the sensitivity between the agarose and Noble's special agar. When the efficiency of AGID test was compared with serum neutralization(SN) test, the sensitivity of AGID test was 100% in SN titer over 1 : 16, 91.7% in SN titer of 1 : 8 and 57.1% in SN titer of 1 : 4. The specificity of AGID test compared with the sera with SN titer under 1 : 2 was 98.4%. Protein analysis of the antigens by SDS-PAGE indicated that antigen I and antigen III showed a specific band of polypeptides with molecular weight of 116 K in comparison with the control antigen. Antigen IV, treated with tween-80 and ammonium sulfate, revealed specific polypeptides bands at the molecular weights 45K, 98K and 150 K.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.355-362
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• 2016

본 연구는 간호대학생의 인권감수성 변화를 확인하기 위하여 간호대학생과 일반대학생의 1학년과 4학년 간 인권감수성 수준의 횡단적 차이를 파악하기 위한 서술적 비교 조사연구이다. 본 연구는 전라북도와 충청북도, 충청남도 소재 5개 대학교에 재학 중인 간호대학생 93명과 일반대학생 85명, 총 178명을 대상으로, 문용린의 대학생용 인권감수성 도구를 이용하여 자료수집을 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 빈도와 백분율, 평균과 표준편차, t-test, chi-square test, ANCOVA로 분석하였다. 본 연구결과, 간호대학생과 일반대학생 모두 1학년과 4학년 간 인권감수성의 점수가 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 간호대학생과 일반대학생의 1학년과 4학년 간 에피소드 별 인권감수성 수준 차이 간호대학생은 정신질환자 사생활권(t=-2.94, p=.004)과 환경권(t=2.16, p=.034) 에피소드에서 1학년과 4학년 간의 인권감수성 점수가 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 일반대학생에서는 장애우 신체의 자유권(t=2.41, p=.018) 에피소드에서만 1학년과 4학년 간의 인권감수성 점수가 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 간호대학생의 인권감수성 증진을 위한 교육프로그램 개발의 필요성을 제시하였으며, 간호윤리 관련 교육과정에 인권감수성에 대한 내용이 포함되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.1274-1281
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• 2011

Dietary protein restriction affects lipid metabolism in rats. This study was performed to determine the effect of a low protein diet on hepatic lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in growing male rats. Growing rats were fed either a control 20% protein diet or an 8% low protein diet. Feeding a low protein diet for four weeks from 8 weeks of age induced a fatty liver. Expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, a key lipogenic enzyme, was increased in rats fed a low protein diet. Feeding a low protein diet decreased very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion without statistical significance. Feeding a low protein diet down-regulated protein expression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, an important enzyme of VLDL secretion. Feeding a low protein diet increased serum adiponectin levels. We performed glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT). Both GTT and ITT were increased in protein-restricted growing rats. Our results demonstrate that dietary protein restriction increases insulin sensitivity and that this could be due to low-protein diet-mediated metabolic adaptation. In addition, increased adiponectin levels may influences insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, dietary protein restriction induces a fatty liver. Both increased lipogenesis and decreased VLDL secretion has contributed to this metabolic changes. In addition, insulin resistance was not associated with fatty liver induced by protein restriction.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.382-392
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the effects of moral sensitivity and ethical values on biomedical ethics awareness of nursing students. Methods: A descriptive survey design was used for this study. The participants were 324 nursing students from S University located in J city. The data were collected through a questionnaire survey done from September 30 to October 18, 2014. Data were analyzed using a t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The factors influencing nursing students' biomedical ethics awareness were identified as moral sensitivity(${\beta}=.34$), ethical values(${\beta}=.11$), awareness of Korean nurses' declaration of ethics(${\beta}=.15$), religion(${\beta}=.14$), and religious activity(${\beta}=.12$). Five factors explained 10.8% of nursing students' biomedical ethics awareness. Conclusion: The results of this study can be used to develop further educational programs on the moral sensitivity and ethical values for enhancement of nursing students' biomedical ethics awareness.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.142-153
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• 2005

The brake judder is a phenomenon that the steering wheel is abnormally vibrating when the car is braked at a high speed. It is classified by the cold and the hot judder. The former is generated due to the initial uneven disk surface and the latter is resulted from the uneven heat spots on disc surface by repeatedly braking. There are two ways to reduce the judder. One is to control vibration by modification of the disk shapes and pad ingredients. The other is to improve modal characteristics of the suspension system. The latter approach is used in this research. In this paper, the real vehicle test and computer simulation are considered to systematically understand the judder phenomenon of the vehicle. The Macpherson strut suspension is employed. Especially, the judder sensitivity is calculated based on design sensitivity analysis. A bush stiffness was reworked and braking test was done to verify the sensitivity result. The judder reduction by the mode control was verified.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2021

High-efficient HEV Engine cooling systems reflects variable coolant temperature because it can decrease the hydrodynamic frictional losses of lubricated engine parts in light duty conditions. In order to safely raise the operating temperature of passenger cars to a constant higher level, and thus optimize combustion and all accompanying factors, a new thermostat technology was developed : the electronically map-controlled thermostat. In this work, various crystalline plastics such as polyphthalamide (PPA) and polyphenylenesulfide (PPS) mixed with various glass fiber amounts were introduced into plastic fittings of automotive electronic controlled thermostat for the purpose of suppressing influx of coolant into the element and undesirable opening during hot soaking. Skirt was installed around element frame of automotive electronic controlled thermostat for improving thermal sensitivity in terms of response time, hysteresis and melting temperature. To validate the effectiveness and optimum shape of skirt, thermal sensitivity test and three-dimensional CFD simulation have been performed. As a consequence, important improvement in thermal sensitivity with less than 3℃ of maximum coolant temperature between opening and engine inlet was obtained.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the influence of nursing professionalism and campus environment on the perception of ethical sensitivity among nursing students. Methods: A descriptive survey design was used for this study. The participants were 323 nursing students attending four universities in Busan and Kyungnam. Data collection was conducted from November 25 to December 25, 2017 using a self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed using a t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The factors influencing ethical sensitivity of nursing students were identified as professional self-concept (${\beta}=.36$), nursing role (${\beta}=.24$), scholarship (${\beta}=.17$), practicability (${\beta}=.17$), and propriety (${\beta}=-.13$). Five factors explained 40.5% of nursing students' ethical sensitivity. Conclusion: The results of this study can be used to develop further educational programs on nursing professionalism and campus environments for enhancement of nursing students' ethical sensitivity.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.135-144
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• 1999

Environmental toxicities of priority water pollutants were evaluated by two selected bioassays, Lettuce seed germination/elongation test and Microtox acute toxicity test. Toxic chemicals (heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and phenolic compounds) inhibited the germination rate and root elongation of Lettuce seed, as well as the bioluminescence of Microtox bacteria. When test biota were exposed to target chemicals, the sensitivity of Lettuce bioassay was relatively lower than that of Microtox bioassay. However, Lettuce bioassay may be a good candidate for prescreening the environmental toxicities of priority water pollutants, since the testing method with Lettuce seed was relatively easier and more economic than with Microtox bacteria. Toxicity tests were conducted to compare the validity and sensitivity of both bioassays for sediment from a small stream passed through urban area as well as leachate from a municipal solid waste landfill. From experimental results, we found that Lettuce test and Microtox test are compensated each other as a battery of bioassay for evaluating the environmental toxicities of field samples obtained from a small stream contaminated by pollutants.