• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.81-94
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• 2010

This qualitative research was designed to explore the use of housing among Korean Chinese people in Harbin, China. Focusing on the use which based on the epistemology of housing adjustment, this was particularly designed to examine its cultural assimilation and acculturation on the way of life course, it employed the in-depth interview on the oral history of 5 interviewees in their 60s and 70s, individualized interviews were conducted from May 28 to 31 in 2010. Key findings were summarized as follows; 1. The free market reform in China resulted in privatization that allowed respondents to become homeowners, and the ownership was viewed as part of family asset centered upon a sense of solidarity. 2. Although homeowners in multi-story houses were responsible to decorate interior spaces, the common features in using interior spaces were found: entrance had no thresholds; kitchen was small, lack of storage cabinets, tile-flooring; washers were installed inside bathroom; and newly built apartment didn't have proper space to store Korean fermented foods. It was observed that housing adaptation outweighed housing adjustment. Those who used to live in Chinese houses with indoor-wearing-shoes or Russian houses with indoor-wearing-slippers were receptive to the use of dining table and bed, and the community heating system discouraged the use of individual electric water heater because of high electricity cost. 3. In daily life, eating habit wasn't much changed to the Chinese style, meals were shared, dish sterilizer was popular, and Kimchi fridge wasn't used. Because of the influence of the Chinese culture, such Korean traditions as ancestral rites and bedroom allocation tradition faded away, but traditional family values remained unchanged. In conclusion, Korean Chinese people experience normative housing deficits and adaptation selectively incurred. It's implied that residential design meets the needs resulting from the dual culture in terms of cultural assimilation and acculturation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.161-170
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• 2017

Research should explore techniques that will allow disposal of the dead to help the living by providing public space, protecting the environment, and contributing to economic development. Its design might bring a cemetery back into community life and make a present of a park. This new design for a cemetery can provide a structural solution for limited burial sites on the metropolitan area of Korea. It is based on the shared sense of a cemetery, a joint ownership or co-ownership of the space of a cemetery. FBS model by Gero[1] is used for engineering a cemetery design development. This framework contains a dynamic character of the context where such design takes place among its function, behavior and structure. This study suggests a new cemetery concept rather than a simple civil engineering work for a cemetery. It aims for people to have a new perspective on a cemetery and contribute to the society through an eco-friendly business model, so FBS may be an adequate model for such design. It can be one of the innovative business models and designs for engineering cemeteries, implementing sustainable environment and changing the design from a cemetery to a natural park.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.3-29
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• 2017

The purpose of this research is to understand immersive media such as virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality, 360-degree videos etc. from the perspective of user-based approach. 3D videos were once expected as the next-generation industry, but soon it further evolved into UHD and are now followed by immersive media represented by virtual reality. As the virtual reality plays an important role, the current research tries to bring up implications that can be applied to the industrial field along with academic understanding through six theoretical approaches related to virtual reality such as media richness, interactivity, presence, body-ownership, user experience, and visual perception. These six theories were used in immersive media studies such as 3D videos. Media richness and interactivity are the main factors forming positive or negative attitude, presence explains why users are immersed, user experience accounts for total psychological reaction, and visual perception explains how complex the experience of seeing is. Especially, although there is less media research applied, the body-ownership is likely to be not only used in virtual reality research, but immersive media research. The user-based theories related to virtual reality will provide various implications for immersive media researchers as well as hardware and content creators of virtual reality.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.570-586
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of middle-aged retirement planning on individual's quality of life and overall satisfaction, and moderating effects of social and psychological sense of crisis, and the differences of measured variables in the demographic characteristics. Retirement planning that may be the most important factor in the country's social costs is aimed to provide a basis for fixing the interest in advance of retirement planning training and retirement. The subjects are workers who live in the Seoul metropolitan area and Gyonggi-do. Total sample size is 350, then 335 samples were collected on the data. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, house ownership and education level among demographic variables affects satisfaction of their life. People who do not own a house shows higher satisfaction, and higher education level affects satisfaction positively. Second, satisfaction is affected by transition to rest negatively, on the other hand, it is affected by expect of new beginning positively. Besides, No moderating effect of social and psychological crisis showed that negative life evaluation role to the independent variables. Third, cognitive information is affected by transition to rest and imposed disruption positively. Besides, job dissatisfaction adjusts between them. Fourth, improvement of life quality is not affected by expect of the retirement planning. On the other hand, there is not moderating effects of social and psychological sense of crisis.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.66
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• pp.103-128
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• 2017

Slaves have been investigated around diaries or slave ownership papers of nobilities up to now. While slaves were described in tales or stories on loyal slaves or historic tales, slaves were not sufficiently examined. This paper analyzed the actual awareness on slaves through the description on slaves in Chinese poem. It was generally very difficult to deal with young slaves because young slaves were included in the lowest class without education and not an adult. The fugitive slaves were loss of labor and brought the emotional betrayal. There were spells to make fugitive slaves return. The sense of loss was nearly same in the death of slaves as in the death of family members. The longer the slaves lived with owners, the greater the sense of loss was. However, the difference of awareness on slaves per period was not identified in this paper. It can be identified only by fully examining more data on slaves. It will be the theme of further study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.443-454
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to reveal the Korean learners' usage pattern of '의', the genitive particle, according to semantic classification, so that it can be referred to in determining the contents and methods of related education. The method of this study adopts a quantitative analysis using learners corpus established by National Institute of Korean Language. As a result of the analysis, as proficiency increases, the overall frequency of '의' increases and the number of meaning senses used increases. However, the frequency of errors also increases with it. As for the usage pattern of each sense, the meaning of 'ownership, belonging' is the most frequent, and followed by 'acting entity', 'kinship, social relations', and 'relationship(area)'. In conclusion, the meanings of 'acting subjects' and 'relationships(area) need to be supplemented with explicit education. Other meanings need to be discussed, and decisions should be made in consideration of learning purpose and proficiency.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.779-788
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• 2020

Commercial banks play an important role as the main source of funding in the transition process of Vietnam as a market economy. As a result, enhancing the efficiency and productivity of Vietnamese banks can decrease the lending cost for individuals and enterprises. This study is to measure and analyze the productivity change of Vietnamese banking system in different ownership cohorts and sources of this change during the period of restructuring (2011-2019). The Hicks-Moorsteen total factor productivity index is utilised to measure the productivity change and to identify the sources of this change. For an empirical analysis, the data of 28 Vietnamese commercial banks from 2011 to 2018 is collected from their financial statements including balance sheets and income statements. The results show an increase of Vietnamese bank productivity due to the technological progress. While foreign and joint-venture banks are the most advanced cohort, state-owned banks have the lowest rate of productivity growth. The restructuring program negatively impacts scale efficiency and this measure attributes to a decline in the overall efficiency of the banks. We also found that state-owned commercial banks are the most efficient group in the sense that they can achieve the maximal level of revenue from a given amount of expense.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.12 no.3 s.32
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• pp.57-65
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• 2006

Stonewall in Jeju has been regarded as the one of the most esthetic landscape in rural regions. In addition, they have been played as a useful facility to protect houses or crops from strong winds, but also to indicate the boundary of ownership. In the recent research, stonewall has been appointed as the one of important components in rural landscape. Thus, stonewall in Jeju retains intrinsic and real value by many usages in rural regions. However, in spite of it's value, stonewall has been abandoned without any concerns and political measures. Now stonewall is urgently needed to be dealt by a certain political measure for protection. Therefore, the depth of concerns and systematic management measures for protection should be discussed and made, otherwise the destruction of these natural valuable structures will be continued. In this sense, the purpose of this paper, first of all, is to examine the status of stonewall in jeju. And then, with the result of this examination, political measures and suggestions to protect stonewall are proposed. Several areas such as Sungsan, Sinchon, and so on in Jeju are selected as the sample areas for this study, and examination are carried with a wide range of literature reviews and the GIS technology for data collection and analyses.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.196-211
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• 2022

Purpose: This is a phenomenological study to improve the quality of nursing and understand its essence by comprehensively analyzing job experience of nursing managers in small and medium. Methods: This study focused on deriving the common empirical attributes of all the study participants, rather than their individual attributes. Data on the job experiences of nine nurse managers in small and medium-sized hospitals were collected and analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method. Result: The job experiences of nurse managers in small and medium hospitals were classified after analysis into 14 theme cluster sets and 34 themes in five categories. The categories derived were 'A feeling of pressure as if taking responsibility for the entire hospital', 'Taking on the difficulties of hiring a nurse alone.' 'Difficulty in mediating conflicts within the organization', 'Struggling to endure', 'To take root in the field with a sense of ownership'. Conclusion: This study is meaningful in helping nursing managers in small and medium hospitals perform their duties more efficiently and stably by understanding their job experience.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.11-23
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to explore cohort changes in first-time homeownership in Korea. The study collected qualitative data from individual interviews to explore the housing trajectories of different birth cohorts. As a result, Individual interviews facilitated an exploration of the decision making process of first-time homeowner with in a cohort context. The cohorts born in the 1950s seek a sense of security through homeownership, and have strong Korean sentiments of ownership. They tried various means to buy a house, and real estate market boom at that time played a role in the driving force. The cohorts born in the 1960s have less insecurity of tenure than the previous cohorts, but they still feel the need for homeownership. Since the currency crisis in 1997 caused the fluctuation of housing price, the 1960s cohort experienced a dramatic decline and rebound of assets while the previous cohorts had experienced a steady rise in housing prices. Finally, the attitude towards housing in the group of 1970s cohorts has changed from ownershiporiented to use-oriented.