• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.7-17
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• 2017

Agricultural water management has gained enormous attention in the developing world to alleviate poverty, reduce hunger and conserve ecosystems in small-scale production systems of resource-poor farmers. The story of food security in the $21^{st}$ century in India is likely t o be closely linked to the story of water security. Today, the water resource is under severe threat. The past experiences in India in general and in Andhra Pradesh in particular, indicated inappropriate management of irrigation has led to severe problems like excessive water depletion, reduction in water quality, water logging, salinization, marked reduction in the annual discharge of some of the rivers, lowering of ground water tables due to pumping at unsustainable rates, intrusion of salt water in some coastal areas etc. Considering the importance of irrigation water resource efficiency, Krishna Western Delta (KWD) of Andhra Pradesh was purposively selected for this in depth study, as the farming community in this area are severely affected due to severe soil salinity and water logging problems and hence, adoption of different water saving crop production technologies deserve special mention. It is quite disappointing that, canals, tube wells and filter points and other wells could not contribute much to the irrigated area in KWD. Due to less contribution from these sources, the net area irrigated also showed declining growth at a rate of -6.15 per cent. Regarding paddy production, both SRI and semi-dry cultivation technologies involves less irrigation cost (Rs. 2475.21/ha and Rs. 3248.15/ha respectively) when compared to transplanted technology (Rs. 4321.58/ha). The share of irrigation cost in Total Operational Cost (TOC) was highest for transplanted technology of paddy (11.06%) followed by semi-dry technology (10.85%) and SRI technology (6.21%). The increased yield and declined cost of cultivation of paddy in SRI and semi-dry production technologies respectively were mainly responsible for the low cost of production of paddy in SRI (Rs. 495.22/qtl) and semi-dry (Rs. 532.81/qtl) technologies over transplanted technology (Rs. 574.93/qtl). This clearly indicates that, by less water usage, paddy returns can be boosted by adopting SRI and semi-dry production technologies. Both the system-level and field-level interventions should be addressed to solve the issues/problems of water management. The enabling environment, institutional roles and functions and management instruments are posing favourable picture for executing the water management interventions in the State of Andhra Pradesh in general and in KWD in particular. This facilitates the farming community to harvest good crop per unit of water resource used in the production programme. To achieve better results, the Farmers' Organizations, Water Users Associations, Department of Irrigation etc., will have to aim at improving productivity per unit of water drop used and this must be supported through system-wide enhancement of water delivery systems and decision support tools to assist farmers in optimizing the allocation of limited water among crops, selection of crops based on farming situations, and adoption of appropriate alternative crops in drought years.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2007

The incineration process has commonly used for wastes amount reduction and thermal treatments of pollutants as the technologies accumulated. However, the process is getting negative public images owing to matter of hazardous pollutants emission. Specially dioxins became a main issue and were mostly emitted from municipal solid wastes incineration. In this reason, pyrolysis/gasification/melting process is presented as an alternative of incineration process. The pyrolysis/gasification/melting process, a novel technology, is middle of verification of commercial plant and development of technologies in Korea. But the survey about the pollutant emission from the process, and background data in these facilities is necessary. So in this survey, t is investigated that the behavior of chlorobenzenes and chlorophenols in plasma type pyrolysis/gasification/melting plant of pilot scale. We investigated discharging behavior of each phase of chlorobenzene through each process in the plsasma type pyrolysis/gasification/melting process. From this result, it was found that about 99 percent of particle-phase chlorobenzene was removed, but on the other hand gas-phase chlorobenzene was increased by about 600 percent through heat exchanger, flue gas cooling, system and semi dry absorption bag filter(SDA/BF). Also, this investigation presented that di-chlorobenzene(DCB) tri-chlorobenzene(TCB), tetra-chlorobenzene(TeCB), penta-chlorobenzene (PCB), except mono-chlorobenzene(MCB) and hexa-chlorobenzene(HCB) were increased through the flue gas cooling system and the semi dry absorption bag filter(SDA/BF). It was investigated that concentration of particle-phase chlorophenol was decreased by about 66 percent, but on the other hand, concentration of gas-phase chlorophenol was increased by about 170 percent through heat exchanger, flue gas cooling system, and semi dry absorption bag filter(SDA/BF). Also, it was found that di-chlorophenol(DCP), tri-chlorophenol(TCP), and penta-chlorophenol(PCP) were increased through the flue gas cooling system, and the semi dry absorption bag filter(SDA/BF). It can be considered that small-scale pilot facility and short investigation period might cause the concentration increase through the flue gas cooling system and the semi dry absorption bag filter(SDA/BF). A further study on real-scale pilot facility and accurate investigation may be required.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.606-612
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• 2005

Individual production traits, such as reproduction and mortality rates, are partial measures, but may be used to evaluate the performance of different systems by comparing the rate of flock growth and potential offtake. The productivity of two existing sheep production systems, one extensive, one intensive, was compared with an alternative semi-intensive system. The future flock sizes, offtakes and structures were predicted based on the age structure of the flock and age-specific reproduction, mortality and growth rates. The measurements were illustrated with reference to growth of a sheep flock of different age and sex categories. The flock was in a socalled dynamic situation. During the dry period, the digestible organic matter intake of the animals in the intensive system and both extensive and semi-extensive systems was 36 and 20.1 g kg$^{-0.75}$ d$^{-1}$, respectively. During the cold period, the digestible organic matter intake of the animals in extensive, intensive and semi-extensive systems was 34, 34.5 and 41 g kg$^{-0.75}$ d$^{-1}$, respectively. During the dry period, the animals in the both extensive and semi-intensive systems lost in body weight at a rate of 19 g per day, but the rate of gain in body weight of the animals in intensive system was 57 g per day. During the cold period, the animals in extensive, intensive and semiintensive systems gained in body weight at rates of 56, 67 and 97 g per day, respectively. The higher gain of animals during the cold period in the semi-intensive system was related to a sustained higher intake of low-quality roughage and more efficient use of the available feed. Compared to the intensive system, the annual concentrate input of the semi-intensive system was about 48% lower for each livestock unit. The productivity of the semi-intensive system was higher than that of the extensive system.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2001

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.223-226
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• 2004

In this paper, removal of diesel hydrocarbons (C$_{10}$-C$_{22}$) for dry and moist soil was investigated so that microwave-enhanced soil vapor extraction(SVE) reduced soil treatment time and raised remediation efficiency. Kinetic constants of diesel hydrocarbons with microwave energy were 7 times on dry soil and 1580 times on moist soil as much as those of SVE process without microwave energy. The diesel removals were 67.7～78.4% for $C_{10}$ and $C_{12}$, and 0～18.5% for $C_{14}$～C$_{22}$ for dry and moist soil with SVE process only. On the other hand, dry soil with microwave-enhanced SVE process showed 89.3～99.4% removal for $C_{10}$ and $C_{12}$ and 35.6～67.0% for hydrocarbons over $C_{14}$. All hydrocarbons(C$_{10}$～C$_{22}$) studied were significantly removed (93.6～99.8%) for moist soil with microwave-enhanced SVE process. Almost all diesel hydrocarbons were usually considered as semi-volatile compounds(SVOCs). Microwave-enhanced SVE process might have a great potential for remediation of soils contaminated with SVOCs.OCs.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.17-36
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• 2004

This paper evaluated the water resources aspect of the operating results of the Daecheong Multipurpose Dam for the last 21 years. The elements that were evaluated included the amount of water supply from the dam. volume of outflow from the regulating dam, changes in the runoff volume at the dam site and downstream, and variations in the water supply capacity of the Daecheong Multipurpose Dam and the Geum River Barrage Dam situated in the estuary. The rainfall-runoff model was used to evaluate the changes in the runoff volume, and the water balance analysis system was used to evaluate the variations in the dams'water supply capacities. The volume of domestic and industrial water supply from the Daecheong Multipurpose Dam increased to 6.1 times for the last 21 years from 61${\times}$$10^6$$m^3$ in 1981 to 375${\times}$$10^6$$m^3$in 2001. The rate of outflow to inflow of the Daecheong Dam was analyzed 1.30 times in dry season, 1.12 times in semi-dry season, and 0.90 times in rainy season. The volume of inflow to the Geum River Barrage Dam down- stream after the dam's construction increased to 1.25 times in dry season and 1.02 times in semi-dry season and decreased to 0.94 times in rainy season. The water supply capacity of the estuary barrage dam almost did not change in cases with or without the Daecheong Multipurpose Dam, but storages were largely affected by the outflows of the Daecheong Multipurpose Dam.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 1999년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.37-37
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• 1999

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.385-388
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• 1997

As the environmental regulations become stricter, new machining technologies are being developed which takes envi ronmenta 1 aspects into account . Since cut t ing oi I has some impact on environment. many researches are being carried out to minimize the use of cutting oi I. The methods for minimizing cutting oil usage includes the following techniques: I ) Cooling of tools and work piece. 2) Useage of compressed cooling air for the removal of chip. 3) Minimal useage of environment-friendly vegetable cutt:ngoiI for lubrication between chip and tools. Since the turning machine is continuous, tools are under constant thermal load and tool wear increases as the lubricative performance degrades. Also surface roughnesses have a direct influence on turning. In order to examine the characteristics of turningmachining, this work investigates experimentally the degree of tool wear and characteristics of surface roughness in relation to machining conditions, supply methods, and cooling methods.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2002

In industrially advanced countries, environmentally conscious machining was eagerly studied because of ecological and economical reasons. As the environmental regulations become stricter, new machining technologies which take environmental aspects into consideration are being developed Industry and research institutions established applications for dry, semi-dry, oil-mist and compressed cold air machining. This paper investigates the performance of new compressed cold air system for environmentally conscious machining and evaluates machinability of dry and new compressed cold air machining. A series of tests are carried out using measuring eqipments under dry and compressed cold air machining.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1008-1011
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• 2002

In industrially advanced countries, environmentally conscious machining was eagerly studied because of ecological and economical reasons. As the environmental regulations become stricter, new machining technologies which takes environmental aspects into consideration are being developed. Industry and research institutions established applications for dry, semi-dry, oil-mist and compressed cold air machining. This paper investigates the performance of new compressed cold air system for environmentally conscious machining and evaluates machinability of dry and new compressed cold air machining. A series of tests are carried out using measuring equipments under dry and compressed cold air machining.