• Water Engineering Research
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.17-36
• /
• 2004

This paper evaluated the water resources aspect of the operating results of the Daecheong Multipurpose Dam for the last 21 years. The elements that were evaluated included the amount of water supply from the dam. volume of outflow from the regulating dam, changes in the runoff volume at the dam site and downstream, and variations in the water supply capacity of the Daecheong Multipurpose Dam and the Geum River Barrage Dam situated in the estuary. The rainfall-runoff model was used to evaluate the changes in the runoff volume, and the water balance analysis system was used to evaluate the variations in the dams'water supply capacities. The volume of domestic and industrial water supply from the Daecheong Multipurpose Dam increased to 6.1 times for the last 21 years from 61${\times}$$10^6$$m^3$ in 1981 to 375${\times}$$10^6$$m^3$in 2001. The rate of outflow to inflow of the Daecheong Dam was analyzed 1.30 times in dry season, 1.12 times in semi-dry season, and 0.90 times in rainy season. The volume of inflow to the Geum River Barrage Dam down- stream after the dam's construction increased to 1.25 times in dry season and 1.02 times in semi-dry season and decreased to 0.94 times in rainy season. The water supply capacity of the estuary barrage dam almost did not change in cases with or without the Daecheong Multipurpose Dam, but storages were largely affected by the outflows of the Daecheong Multipurpose Dam.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.74 no.4
• /
• pp.521-532
• /
• 2020

A floating dry dock is an advanced structure that can provide a solution for dry dock space shortages. The critical point in floating dock operation is compensating the deflection caused by a heavy payload by adjusting the water level in the ballast system. An appropriate ballasting plan warrants safe and precise construction on a floating dock. Particularly, in the case of a 2D floating dock, ballasting plan evaluation is crucial due to complex deformation modes. In this paper, we developed a method to calculate the optimal ballasting plan for accurate and precise construction on a 2D floating dock. The finite element method was used for considering the flexibility of the floating dock as well as the construction blocks. Through a gradient-based optimization algorithm, the optimal ballasting plan for the given load condition was calculated in semi-real time (5 min). The present method was successfully used for the actual construction of an offshore structure on the 2D floating dock.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.313-319
• /
• 2015

This study relates to an investigation into semi-dry manufacturing process of BP sludge based on non-heating production method. In this study, we conducted a research into reduction of water content ratio which arose from mixture of BP by-products of high water content ratio(50% or higher) with industrial by-products to use such BP by-products as construction materials in large quantity. We measured the reduction rate of water content ratio at the feeding ratio of water content reduction agent(1:0.5) in BP by-products. The results showed that water content ratio was the lowest with 18.5% in the mixture of PA+CFA(1:0.5). Moreover, water content ratio ranged between approximately 9.2% and 11.4% at the age of 1 day to 2 days at the aging temperature of $20-30^{\circ}C$, suggesting that the water content ratio was in the range within 10% which was a level suitable for use as construction material in this study. Meanwhile, we compared and evaluated the physical properties of non-heated BP by-products based on post-aging pulverization method. The results showed that there was no significant difference, depending on pulverization method. When production efficiency and economic feasibility were taken into consideration, it was found desirable to use fine particle pulverizer or pin mill enabling continuous production.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.143-159
• /
• 2016

Cargo, such as a Tension Leg Platform (TLP), Semi-submersible platform (Semi), Spar or a circular Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO), are frequently dry-transported on a Heavy Lift Vessel (HLV) from the point of construction to the point of installation. The voyage can span months and the overhanging portions of the hull can be subject to frequent wave slamming events in rough weather. Tie-downs or sea-fastening are usually provided to ensure the safety of the cargo during the voyage and to keep the extreme responses of the cargo, primarily for the installed equipment and facilities, within the design limits. The proper design of the tie-down is dependent on the accurate prediction of the wave slamming loads the cargo will experience during the voyage. This is a difficult task and model testing is a widely accepted and adopted method to obtain reliable sea-fastening loads and extreme accelerations. However, it is crucial to realize the difference in the inherent stiffness of the instrument that is used to measure the tri-axial sea fastening loads and the prototype design of the tie-downs. It is practically not possible to scale the tri-axial load measuring instrument stiffness to reflect the real tie-down stiffness during tests. A correlation method is required to systematically and consistently account for the stiffness differences and correct the measured results. Direct application of the measured load tends to be conservative and lead to over-design that can reflect on the overall cost and schedule of the project. The objective here is to employ the established correlation method to provide proper high-frequency responses to topsides and hull design teams. In addition, guidance for optimizing tie-down design to avoid damage to the installed equipment, facilities and structural members can be provided.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.31 no.5 s.121
• /
• pp.421-426
• /
• 2007

Recently, the defect maintenance period of the new construction structure was extended from 5 years to 10 years. And according to change of realization on the quality of construction and maintenance, a development of semi-permanent method of construction is required for maintenance of blind parts of underwater structure, such as bridge, dam, harbor, etc. In this study, we proposed a floating type sector dry caisson, which is effective to the maintenance of submerged large structures. These large structures were being maintained incompletely, partly due to unskilled divers and difficult working condition. Considering the easiness of access to the maintenance area and the cost for set up the working structure, especially for the case of structure slabs close to the sea surface and harrow pile span structures, we developed and introduced a sector dry caisson instead of the full caisson structure. By doing this, it is easy to move out the caisson rapidly in emergence case. Therefore, we expect that the floating sector caisson will contribute to reduce working time and improve the quality of underwater work in future days.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.21-31
• /
• 2012

This paper reviewed and evaluated some of the commonly used prediction models for thermal conductivity of soils with the experimental data. Semi-theoretical models for two-component materials were found inappropriate to estimate the thermal conductivity of dry state soils. It came out that the model developed by Cote and Konrad gave the best overall prediction results for unsaturated soils available in the literature. However, it still needs to be improved to cover a wider range of soil types and degrees of saturation. In the present study, parametric analysis is also conducted to investigate the effect of soil type and moisture content on the horizontal ground heat exchanger design. The analysis shows that horizontal ground heat exchanger pipe length is reduced with the increase of soil thermal conductivity and water content. The calculation results also show that horizontal ground heat exchanger size can be reduced to a certain extent by using backfilling material with a higher thermal conductivity of solid particles.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.81-99
• /
• 2000

The shelterbelts are very important to conserve and protect the sandy land, vegetation coverage, farmland, livestock and human life in the desertified land. The shelterbelts are constructed by the several row-plantings of high-adaptable species in the desertified land. The shelterbelts have various kind of type, and there are shelterbelts for conservation of farmland in dry the region, the protective shelterbelts (windbreaks for blowing-sand, artificial sanddune fixation by revegetation, and construction of farmland shelterbelts to protect farmland and pasture from wind erosion, etc.) in the semi-dry steppe, shelterbelts around the villages and oasis for sanddune fixation, shelterbelts for protection of railroads, and so on. The shelterbelts consist of main she1terbelts and minor shelterbelts. The main shelterbelts were constructed by being perpendicular to main wind direction, and the minor shelterbelts were constructed by being perpendicular to the main shelterbelts. Generally, the width of shelterbelts is 8~20m, and the number of row-planting is 4~10. The grid sizes of shelterbelts networks are $400{\times}400m$, $300{\times}500m$, $100{\times}200m$, and so on, and there are ventilation type and closing type in the type of shelterbelt. The width, number of row-planting, grid size and type of shelterbelt are selected by the local characteristics. The effects of shelterbelts are mainly the climate improvement and mitigation, such as prevention of occurrence of strong wind, cold wind and blowing-sand. And, the other effects of shelterbelts are effect of reforestation, increase of agricultural productions, establishment of greenbelts and green forests, construction of landscape-eco shelterbelts, improvement of life environment of local villages, supply of fuel wood and agricultural wood, land amelioration, effect of revegetation and restoration of desertified land, and so on. The kinds of the tree species mainly used for the construction of shelterbelts have differences between regions, but main species are Populus euphratica, Populus simonii, Populus bolleana, Populus tomentosa, Salix flavida, Salix mongolica, Tamarix chinensis, Hedysarum scoparium, and so on.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.16 no.2 s.76
• /
• pp.32-39
• /
• 2007

The measurement of physicochemical properties of ASR incineration ash has been carried dot and the preparation of light-weight material has also been performed using ASR ash for recycling point of view as building or construction materials. For this aim, chemical composition, particle size distribution, and heavy metal leachability were examined for 2 bottom ashes and 4 fly ashes obtained from the domestic ASR incinerator. In the present work, attempt has been made to prepare the lightweight material using boiler ash as a raw material, which is prepared by forming the mixture of boiler ash, lightweisht filler and inorganic binder and followed by calcination at elevated temperature. As a result, the content of Cu in bottom ash was as high as about 3wt% so that the recovery of Cu from ash was required. The major compound of SDR #5 and Bag filter #6 was found to be $CaCl_2{\cdot}Ca(OH)_2{\cdot}H_2O\;and\;CaCl_2{\cdot}4H_2O$, respectively. It is thought that heavy metal teachability of lightweight material prepared with boiler ash was significantly decreased due to the encapsulation or stabilization of heavy metal compounds.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2010.09a
• /
• pp.813-824
• /
• 2010

Thermal conductivity of soils is one of the most important parameters to design horizontal ground heat exchangers. It is well known that the thermal conductivity of soil is strongly influenced by its density and water content because of soil's particulate structure. This paper reviewed and evaluated some of the commonly used prediction models for thermal conductivity of soils with the experimental data available in the literature. Semi-theoretical models for two-component materials were found inappropriate to estimate the thermal conductivity of dry state sands. It came out that the model developed by Cote and Konrad gave the best overall prediction for unsaturated sands available in the literature. Also, a parametric analysis is conducted to investigate the effect of thermal conductivity and water content, soil type on the horizontal ground heat exchanger design. The analysis shows that a required pipe length for the horizontal ground heat exchanger is reduced with the increase of soil thermal conductivity and water content. The calculation results also show that the dimension of the horizontal ground heat exchanger can be reduced to a certain extent by using backfilling material with a higher thermal conductivity of solid particles.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.75-85
• /
• 2018

The Grenpell tower fire in England in June of 2016 is a representative example of damage caused by a vertical fire spreading through external insulation. Organic insulation materials, which are widely used in external insulation, have the disadvantage that they have good insulation performance but are vulnerable to fire. Aluminum composite panels are used as exterior wall finishing materials, and plastics used in aluminum are regarded as the cause of vertical fire spread. Due to the steel frame used to secure the aluminum composite panel to the outer wall, a cavity is formed between the outer wall and outer wall finish. When a fire occurs on the outer wall, the flammable outer wall as well as the flame generated from the heat-insulating material spreads vertically through the cavity, resulting in damage to people and property. In Korea, material unit performance tests are carried out by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport notice 2015 - 744. However, in the UK, the BS 8414 test is used to measure the vertical fire spreading time on the outer wall in real scale fire tests. In this study, the risk of external wall fire was evaluated in an actual fire by conducting a real scale wall fire test (BS 8414), which was carried out in Europe, using aluminum composite panels of semi-noncombustible materials suitable for current domestic standards. The purpose of this study was to confirm the limitations of material unit evaluation of finishing materials and to confirm the necessity of introducing a system to prevent the spread of outer wall fire through an actual scale fire test.