• 농업과학연구
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.109-113
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the potentiality of urban forest roads as an environment for enhancing physical fitness. Six male university students participated in the study as subjects. The subjects walked on an urban forest road for 30 minutes. As a control experiment, they also walked on a national park trail for 30 minutes. Subjects' heart rates were monitored during the walks to calculate the ratio of the average time their heart rates were within the target range (from 60% to 80% of the maximal heart rate) for Enhancing Physical Fitness. After the walks, images of the spaces were analyzed using the semantic differential (SD) method. During the walk on the urban forest road, subjects' heart rates were within the target range 63.3% of the time, and lower than the target range 36.7% of the time. During the control experiment on the national park trail, subjects' heart rates were within the target range only 23.3% of the time, and higher than the target range 76.7% of the time. From the spatial perception evaluation using the SD method, subjects' comfortable and natural feelings when they were on the national park trail were significantly greater than when they were on the urban forest trail, but there were no differences in terms of other SD descriptors, such as friendliness and likeability. The results of our study indicate that the urban forest road provides a good environment for walking to enhance physical fitness. Although not as close to nature as national park trails, urban forest roads offer similar natural environments and have a high potentiality for serving as leisure spaces for urban residents who seek physical activities.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2000년도 춘계 학술대회 및 국제 감성공학 심포지움 논문집 Proceeding of the 2000 Spring Conference of KOSES and International Sensibility Ergonomics Symposium
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• pp.426-430
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• 2000

This study is about the human sensibility measurement method. Researches on human sensibility measurement have been performed in many aspects. However, due to the subtlety and intricacy of human sensibility, it has been difficult to exactly measure human sensibility.At present, Semantic Differential(SD) method is most widely used to quantify human sensibility. In SD method, complicate human sensibility is represented on a scale with equal interval or equal ratio. However, this method has a critical problem in that human sensibility cannot be expressed with equal interval or equal ratio.In order to complement SD method and represent human sensibilities appropriately, we proposed an alternative method using the chroma-scale with saturation that had not equal interval or ratio. In experiment, proposed method shown that subjects understood a new scale easily and they could express their sensibilities on a new scale without any limitation. As a result, the chroma-scale can be used not only for measuring consumer's preference but also for evaluating or selecting sensibility words.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1213-1222
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• 2016

Given the growing attention to nature and health in modern society, this study considered the role of a waterscape facility as a key element in a landscape's influence on users' physiological and psychological responses. The subjects were 28 university students, and the collected data included systolic and diastolic blood pressure, salivary amylase concentration, semantic differential (SD) scales, and profile of mood states (POMS). As compared to a space without any waterscape element (Type G), relaxation in a space with a waterscape element (Type W) was found to significantly reduce of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and salivary amylase concentration. The SD scale and POMS findings showed that Type W evoked active, bright, dynamic, free, vital, interesting, and cheerful images and improved mood states by enhancing vigor while inhibiting depressive feelings. These findings indicate waterscape facilities can improves users' mood states and may enhance their health.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 ITC-CSCC -3
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• pp.1886-1888
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• 2002

Non-verbal information plays an important role not only in human-to-human communications but also in human computer interaction. In this paper, we examine effects of human-like agent's primitive movements on user's impression, where the human-like agent's primitive movements include eye, mouth, and head. SD (Semantic Differential) method was used for evaluation, and two factors were extracted as a result of the factor analysis. It is found that the first factor influenced the user's impression particularly.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.924-934
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• 2003

The aim of the present study was to measure intra-individual consistency in clothing style evaluation and to examine its relation to the ratings. For this study, a pilot test was conducted to 50 clothing majored university students to explore the stimulus of‘cute’,‘casual’,‘sexy’,‘elegant’,‘intelligent’,‘formal’,‘romantic’,‘individual’,‘refined’for the 9 each image styles from the 32 spring wears in fashion magazine$\boxDr$FARBE$\boxUl$(March, 2000). On the basis of the preliminary survey, the question items explored the 15 pairs of bipolar adjectives as seven-point Likert type. The main survey was preceded 94 female and 111 men of university students from March 13 to 24 in 2000, twice for 7-days interval. As a result of analyzing of correlation coefficients between the two ratings for each subjects, intra-individual consistency in the evaluation, ranged from -.11 to .87 and mean coefficient was .64 of female and .20 to .76 and mean coefficient was .57 of male. Female had higher intra-individual consistency in the evaluation than male. Based on the coefficients, the subjects were classified into three groups: high, medium, and low intra-individual consistency. Analysis of variance of mean ratings by the three groups revealed that significant difference existed in 42% of female and 25% of male in 135 combinations of 9 clothing and 15 semantic differential scales. There was an apparent tendency that subjects of female with high intra-individual consistency were mostly definitely to evaluate clothing, whereas the ones with low were least. But male shows opposit trend compare to each groups of female. The result of this study, it was found that female rated higher intra-individual consistency and definition in the two times evaluations than male and among the semantic differential scales'consistency differ depending on style and gender. It is believed that the result of this study is helpful clothing image evaluation, and clothing image selection tendency.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2013

This study employed the Semantic Differential(SD) technique for an empirical analysis of the borrowed landscape-the so-called interaction of landscape between space and nature-in traditional Korean space against the cultural backdrop of confucian ideology. Its findings are as follows: First, the study conducted a comparative analysis of the borrowed landscape between Sarangchae(Men's quarters) and Anchae(Women's quarters) and between Soteuldaemun(A lofty gate) and Sadangdaemun(A gate to an ancestral shrine), using the SD technique. Consequently, their marked distinction in the borrowed landscape were found to illustrate the influence of confucian ideology over spatial composition. Second, both the garden and the sky of Sarangchae appeared more open and dynamic, and soft, and comfortable, and warm compared to Anchae. Also, Soteuldaemun looked more open and dynamic than Sadangdaemun. In conclusion, traditional Korean space applies a monistic view of the world to nature and human beings, thereby embodying a philosophical and aesthetic space where humans enjoy their life in harmony with nature while playing with the landscape in a traditional space.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1993년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.64-68
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• 1993

The idia of modern product design is translated from the concept of functional importance as the basic function to that of emotional importance as the supplement function. In other words, the interests of the emotion in human performance side based on psychological factors of human are increased as well as the function in technical performance side based on physical factors of product. The standard emotional works for understanding the human's emotion are arranged in this paper. The standard emotional words are composed of words expressing the humaa's emotion. The adjectives adaptable to human's emotional works are collected from Korean dictionaries and arranged in the semantic differential(SD) scale. Next, the words with great marks evaluated by SD method are analyzed by factor analysis(FA) method and characterized as emotional words for understanding the human's emotion. The standard emotional words arranged in this paper are important because they are basic information for the development of product or technology as well as for the matter of emotional measurement technical development.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2008년도 학술대회 2부
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• pp.30-35
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• 2008

컴퓨터 OS 환경의 기술적 발달과 더불어 GUI 에서도 많은 변화를 가져왔다. MS의 Vista OS나 애플사의 OSX Leopard 등의 여러 PC상의 OS가 기존의 기능 중심적 환경에서 벗어나 사용자들에게 감성적인 부분에 대해 호소하기 위한 디자인 요소를 부각시키는 단계로 접어들었다. 특히 Mac OS, Linux OS 환경의 지속적 확산 및 Web 기반 OS의 개발, 다양한 OS Skin의 개발 등에 따라 일률적이던 OS 환경은 변화의 시기를 맞이하고 있다. 이에 따라 PC OS의 GUI 디자인이 사용자 감성에 미치는 영향에 대한 객관적 평가를 통해 향후 PC OS의 GUI개발을 위한 기초자료 수집에 연구의 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 감성 공학적 분석방법인 의미분별 척도법(Semantic Differential Method)을 통해 사용자 감성 선호도를 분석하였다. 감성어휘 수집을 위한 1차 실험으로 47개 이상의 기초 감성어휘를 추출 한 후 어휘의 분포도 및 어휘 유사성에 근거한 적절성 평가로 실험에 사용될 20개의 어휘를 최종적으로 추출하였다. 선정된 어휘를 척도등급반의어와 평가등급 반의어, 정감등급반의어의 세 원칙에 따라 질문서로 작성하고 이에 따른 사용자 감성 반응을 측정하였다. 2차 실험은 샘플 이미지에 대한 선호도 조사 그리고 각 샘플별 5점 척도를 이용한 평가 수행으로 이루어졌다. 선호도조사를 통해 사용자는 '선명하다', '쉽다', '안전하다', '안정적이다'로 어휘화 될 수 있는 GUI 디자인을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 선명하다는 이미지는 안정감을 느끼게 하며 쉰다고 느끼는 이미지는 안전함과 연관성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 사용자의 PC OS에 대한 감성연구 결과는 향후 PC OS의 GUI 디자인을 위한 기초자료로 활용 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1097-1105
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• 2016

The present study was performed to investigate the psychological effects of spring flowers blossoms, which is one of the elements influencing to human psychology, in order to provide scientific evidence on the psychological benefits of green plants. A self-reporting survey was conducted by using self reporting questionnaires on the impression (semantic differential method: SD method) and mood states (profile of mood states: POMS) of eighty university students in their twenties. Korean forsythia, Korean rosebay, Japanese apricot, Cherry blossom, and Magnolia were chosen as spring flowers. The results of impression evaluation and mood states changes showed that spring flower blossom had beautiful, soft, warm, moist, familiar and full impressions, and changed our mood positively by reducing depression and anger, or by increasing vigor. In addition, different psychological effects can be differently observed depending on the species; for example, Cherry blossom had a greater effect in changing the impression and feeling than others. The findings would provide support toward the active usage in green space as well as its design maximizing the psychological effects of nature.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.129-141
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 기업의 경영이념이나 특성 등을 시각적 이미지로 표현하는 CI(Corporate Identity) 심벌마크의 설계 및 평가를 위해 혼합형(Hybrid) 감성공학기법을 적용하였다. 먼저, CI 심벌마크에 내재된 기업의 시각적 이미지를 분석하기 위하여 SD평가를 실시하였으며 CI 심벌마크의 디자인 요소와 기업이미지와의 상관관계를 분석하기 위하여 정통적인 감성공학적 접근방식에 해당하는 순향성 감성공학기법을 적용하였다. 최종적으로는 CI 심벌마크의 디자인 요소로부터 기업이미지에 대한 고객의 감성을 자동으로 평가할 수 있는 시스템을 개발하기 위하여 역향적 감성공학기법을 적용하였다. 구축된 시스템은 CI 심벌마크의 설계를 지원함으로써 설계에 소요되는 시간과 비용을 효과적으로 줄일 수 있는 유용한 도구로 장차 이용되리라 기대된다.