• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.439-446
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• 2016

This research examines the effect of outside director system which has been legislated after financial crisis in Korea. Outside director system is based on agency theory which assumes that a manager is selfish and opportunistic in situation where ownership and management of a firm is separated. In this situation, outside director system has an important function to monitor and keep in check a manager. Thus, we examined that outside director system works as a monitoring mechanism in Korea. And we tested that above effect is weakened in family CEO firms where it is different from assumption of agency theory in Korea. According to empirical result with 282 sample firm, it is confirmed that outside director system reduces agency cost. In family CEO firms, however, this agency cost-reducing effect becomes weak. This result suggests that outside director system needs be cautiously managed without focusing on only monitoring function.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.521-527
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• 2009

According to <> and <>, Taeum is strongly related to dampness, earth, and canter. The origin of Taeum is dampness and the presentation of it is dryness, thus spleen plays a greater role than lung in physiologic and pathologic aspect. Taeum meridian cooperates with Soeum and Guelum meridian, and spreads yin gi through spleen and lung meridian. Among six meridian types that are invented by Ji-San, Taeum type possesses lowered eyes and nose and displays characteristics of Taeum disease. Instead of five jang organs and six bu orqans, meridians are major factor of Taeum type. Thus SiDongByung (disease of gi) and SoSaengByung (disease of blood) are considered more significantly than internal and external symptoms of organs. Personality of Taeum type is realistic, pragmatic, diligent, and occasionally selfish. Medications for Taeum type are described as following. GwakHyangJungKi-San or InSamYangWi-Tang can be considered for the complication of intrinsic and extrinsic diseases, which are caused by yin symptom of SangHan. If cold stomach affected by Taeum disease causes an abdominal pain and diarrhea, YiJoong-Tang or PalMiYiJoong-Tang are suggested.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.422-434
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• 2002

This study was conducted with 512 students in 4 primary schools located at the inner and the outskirt of K city, Northern Kyungsang Province from November 6, 2001 to November 27, 2001(during 3 weeks). This study was a research about the difference of a bullying degree and tendency of both teasing and teased students. The purpose of the study was to help nursing teachers in charge of student consultation and treatment. The findings are as follows: First, for to whom students confess their worries, students in lower grade talked to their parents while students in higher grade talked to their close friends. The higher grader, the higher rate in solving their problems by themselves. For how many students are teased by their peers in groups, 52.0％ students answered 1 or 2 students in a class. For the reasons of bully, 37.0％ higher graders answered, very selfish and putting on airs after 29.6％ lower graders answered, ugly and bad at speaking. Second, for perception of peer relation, 81.3％ students participating in the study answered, very important. For a question whether students satisfy present relation with their friends by gender, 53.7％ boys were satisfied while 34.6％ girls were satisfied. Third, for difference in bullying by gender, boys mainly teased others by using words and physical power(p<0.000) while girls estranged others. When it goes to teased students, it was the case: boys were bullied physically(p<0.000) and linguistically while girls were hurt by estrangement. Having nothing direct to do with school achievement, nursing teacher should make good use of such an advantage that students tend to easily confess their worries to them and take care of psychological aspects of students in treatment. Furthermore, it needs to include contents of bully in the regular heath care education.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.81-86
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• 2014

According to the development of streaming services with P2P and mobile network technologies, researches to enhance the service quality in mobile environment have been proposed. However, streaming services considering high-speed mobile environment and characteristics of heterogenous terminals have been hindered from being provided with the required quality from user because of bandwidth congestion between selfish peers of existing P2P system. It is also prone to long delay and loss in accordance with the repeated traffic amounts because there are no optimized solution for traffic localization. The structure to enhance peer contribution for service differentiation and peer selection with clustering scheme with location information of terminal can satisfy both users and service providers with service quality and efficiency. In this paper, we propose an incentive mechanism and resource distribution scheme with user contribution and traffic cost information based on user location, which make mobile users increase the satisfaction of service quality in LTE environments.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.163-173
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• 2010

This study was designed to develop a teacher's rating scale of elementary school student's school maladjustment. 50 behavior were drawn as elementary school student's school maladjustment behavior from the responses of elementary school teachers. To identify sub-factors of the scale, 60 teachers rated their 240 student's behavior and the collected data were analyzed by using factor analysis. 4 sub-factors were identified as the result : aggressive selfish behavior, misconduct of lesson and classroom rules, passive unsociable behavior and positive evasion of school activities. To identify the validity of the scale, the data from 120 students were analyzed through the concurrent validity between the scale and the teacher rating scale of school maladjustment for Student Problem Behavior Checklist for Elementary School students(Kim & Hwang, 2009). To examine the reliability of the scale, test-retest correlations were calculated by using the data from 120 students and internal consistency coefficients were calculated by using the data from 120 students. The results showed that Teacher's rating Scale of Elementary School Student's School Maladjustment was valid and reliable.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.48
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• pp.253-287
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine the ethnic phenomenon in the multi-layered context, based upon data collected from my fieldwork in Asella Town, Ethiopia. The town has experienced few ethnic conflicts at the collective level because of ecological conditions, the numerical balance between the two major ethnic groups-i.e., the Oromo and the Amhara-, frequent ethnic intermarriages as well as effects of a unique sociocultural practice of 'breast-feeding.' However, despite positive influences of such a practice, the local community has continuously witnessed discrimination and threats by the dominant ethnic group. Most of my informants feel that ethnic intermarriage contributes to: (i) enforcement of bonds among both ethic groups and community members, (ii) acquisition of different ethnic cultures, (iii) cultivation of the spirit of tolerance among people, and (iv) production of the superior second generation that has hybrid/multiple ethnic identities. However, some informants harbor negative attitudes towards ethnic intermarriage because they perceive it as a selfish choice of two parties and damages ethnic identity. Most informants consider ongoing Oromonization as natural, whereas others insist that it should be understood in the context of coercion, superficiality and survival strategy.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.11-19
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• 2019

The blockchain is a technique for managing transaction data in distributed computing manner without the involvement of central trust authority. The blockchain has been used in various area such as manufacturing, culture, and public as well as finance because of its advantage of the security, efficiency and applicability. In the blockchain, it was considered safe against 51% attack because the adversary could not have more than 50% hash power. However, there have been cases caused by large-scale computing attacks such as 51% and selfish mining attack, and the frequency of these attacks is increasing. In addition, since the development of quantum computers can hold exponentially more information than their classical computer, it faces a new type of threat using quantum algorithms. In this paper, we perform the security analysis of blockchain attacks composing the large computing capabilities including quantum computing attacks. Finally, we suggest the technologies and future direction of the blockchain development in order to be safe against large-scale computing attacks.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.259-268
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• 2019

Even if only two ships are encountered, a collision may occur due to the mistaken judgment of the positional relationship. In other words, if an officer does not know a target ship's intention, there is always a risk of collision. In this paper, the experiments are conducted to investigate how the intention affects the action of collision avoidance in cooperative and non-cooperative situations. In non-cooperative situation, each ship chooses a course that minimizes costs based on the current situation. That is, it always performs a selfish selection. In a cooperative situation, the information is exchanged with a target ship and a course is selected based on this information. Each ship uses the Distributed Stochastic Search Algorithm so that a next-intended course can be selected by a certain probability and determines the course. In the experimental method, four virtual ships are set up to analyze the action of collision avoidance. Then, using the actual AIS data of eight ships in the strait of Dover, I compared and analyzed the action of collision avoidance in cooperative and non-cooperative situations. As a result of the experiment, the ships showed smooth trajectories in the cooperative situation, but the ship in the non-cooperative situation made frequent big changes to avoid a collision. In the case of the experiment using four ships, there was no collision in the cooperative situation regardless of the size of the safety domain, but a collision occurred between the ships when the size of the safety domain increased in cases of non-cooperation. In the case of experiments using eight ships, it was found that there are optimal parameters for collision avoidance. Also, it was possible to grasp the variation of the sailing distance and the costs according to the combination of the parameters, and it was confirmed that the setting of the parameters can have a great influence on collision avoidance among ships.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.35
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• pp.361-384
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• 2012

In this study, I considered an important characteristic of system in pre-Qin philosophy that accomplished all categories with the best value. I pointed out misreading that thinkers separated fazhi-theory from shu zhi- theory of Hanfeizi. So I analyzed argument causes of Hanfeizi's shuzhi-theory through epistemology, ethics, military theory. And I proved that understanding the actual conditions and essences of things assured the objective bases on a reward and punishment. There are three things about argument bases of Hanfeizi's shuzi-theory. First, the epistemology that analyzes the actuality of a thing and that endows a duty matching the natural character of a thing. Second, ethics that isn't restricted by a fixed form and is in harmony with a law and that reveals a selfish character freely. Third, military theory, that is a trick that analyzes the quality of a case and a thing accurately. Above the three show that there are an objective basis of reward and punishment and an fair execution about a law in Hanfeizi's shuzhi-theory.

• English & American cultural studies
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.73-94
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• 2014

Accounts from therapeutic culture seem often to associate the selfish, or at least self-centered quest for self-fulfillment with individual choice or satisfaction, self-expression, expressive individualism, and emotionalism. These associations point to the downside of therapy as they present it as constituting a culture of narcissism, selfishness, or irresponsibility. While some of these characterizations contain useful insights, they overlook what are maybe some of the most important features of a therapeutic outlook. This paper aims to reveal that the therapeutic imperative is not so much geared towards the realization of self-fulfillment, as it is the promotion of self-limitation. Therapeutic culture tends to posit the self in a fragile and feeble form and insist that the management of life requires the continuous intervention of therapeutic expertise. Because of this, the elevated concern with the self is underpinned by anxiety, pain, suffering, and survival, rather than seen as a positive vision of realizing the human potential. Therapeutic culture has in this way helped to construct a diminished sense of self by which one is seen as suffering from an emotional deficit and vulnerability. This paper demonstrates this downside of therapeutic culture concerning self-limitation and the sense of a diminished self by examining popular "misery memoirs." Misery memoirs are widely consumed by the general public, therefore tend to be treated by contemporary therapeutic culture as a gospel on the therapeutic ideal for self-fulfillment and self-discovery. This is, despite the existence of hidden evidence to the contrary, because of their redemptive, happy endings that show individuals overcoming difficult trials such as child abuse, incestuous rape, and domestic violence. Individual self-fulfillment and self-discovery in such stories are not achieved through the active agency of the subject but through the passive endurance of pathological symptoms and with the aid of expertise and outside support. Therefore, such stories put victims in the limited position.