• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.1244-1249
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• 2008

This paper shows a perfonnance analysis for pneumatic servo cylinder. The pistons without seal have partly cylindrical and conical shapes. 2 dimensional Reynolds equation and FD(finite differential) numerical techniques are utilized for the perfonnance analysis. The relationship among self-centering forces and leakage flows are investigated. Also, optimal design values for a servo cylinder are presented. A prototype of servo cylinder which had rod bearing with four pockets, five pockets, and six pockets was manufactured respectively.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.159-167
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• 2019

2016 Gyeongju and 2017 Pohang earthquakes led Koreans to acknowledge that the Korean peninsula is not an earthquake-free zone anymore. Among various buildings crucial to after-shock recovery, general hospital buildings, especially existing old ones, are very significant so seismic retrofitting of those must be an important issue. Self-centering energy dissipative(SCED) brace is one of retrofitting methods, which consists of tendon with restoring force and friction device capable of dissipating seismic energy. The strength of the SCED brace is that the tendon forces a structure to go back to the original position, which means residual drift can be negligible. The residual drift is a very important parameter to determine usableness of general hospitals after shock. To the contrary, buckling-restrained braces(BRB) are also a very effective way to retrofit because they can resist both compressive and tensile, but residual drift may exist when the steel core yields. On this background, the seismic retrofitting effect of general hospitals reinforced with SCED braces was investigated and compared to that of the BRD in this study. As a result, although the floor acceleration cannot be reduced, the story drift and residual drift, and the shear demand of walls significantly decreased. Consequently, seismic retrofitting by SCED braces are very effective for domestic low-rise general hospitals.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2005

This paper shows a performance analysis for step type and conical type sealess cylinders. 2 dimensional Reynolds equation and finite difference numerical techniques are utilized for the performance analysis and the piston design. Centering forces of conical pistons are higher than those of step ones. Also, leakage flows of conical pistons are lower than those of step ones. But, the step type piston is practically suggested to apply for sealess cylinders because it is difficult that conical portion is precisely manufactured.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.21-33
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• 2014

The tied braced frame (TBF) system was developed to achieve uniform seismic inelastic demand along the height of multi-storey eccentrically braced steel frames. A modular tied braced frame (M-TBF) configuration has been recently proposed to reach the same objective while reducing the large axial force demand imposed on the vertical tie members connecting the link beams together in TBFs. M-TBFs may however experience variations in storey drifts at levels where the ties have been removed to form the modules. In this paper, the possibility of reducing the discontinuity in displacement response of a 16-storey M-TBF structure by introducing energy dissipating (ED) devices between the modules is examined. Two M-TBF configurations are investigated: an M-TBF with two 8-storey modules and an M-TBF with four 4-storey modules. Three types of ED devices are studied: friction dampers (FD), buckling restrained bracing (BRB) members and self-centering energy dissipative (SCED) members. The ED devices were sized such that no additional force demand was imposed on the discontinuous tie members. Nonlinear response history analysis showed that all three ED systems can be used to reduce discontinuities in storey drifts of M-TBFs. The BRB members experienced the smallest peak deformations whereas minimum residual deformations were obtained with the SCED devices.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.223-229
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• 2016

이 연구에서는 고무 스프링과 자력마찰을 조합한 스마트 댐퍼의 동적 실험을 수행하여 스마트 댐퍼의 깃발모양 (flag-shaped) 거동을 확인하고자 하였다. 스마트 댐퍼 동적실험을 수행하기 위하여, 네오디뮴 (NdFeB) 자석을 사용하였으며 $50mm{\times}50mm{\times}25mm$ ($B{\times}L{\times}H$)의 크기를 사용하였다. 또한 폴리우레탄 고무를 사용하였으며 길이 80mm 외경 80mm 내경 20mm의 크기의 원주형 고무스프링을 사용하였다. 동적 실험에서 자석의 개수와 진동수를 제어하여 수행하였으며, 자석의 개수는 0, 4, 8, 12개의 순서로 증가하였으며, 이는 자력 마찰력이 증가함을 의미하였다. 진동수는 0.1부터 2.0Hz까지 증가시키면서 진행하였다. 실험의 진행은 고무 스프링이 장착되지 않은 자력마찰 댐퍼의 자력 마찰력 평가 실험, 고무 스프링의 기압축량 평가 실험 및 최종적으로 자력 마찰력과 기압축 고무스프링이 합성된 스마트 댐퍼의 동적 실험 순서로 진행하였다. 실험 결과를 통하여 스마트 댐퍼의 깃발모양 거동을 평가하고 에너지 소산능력, 감쇠비를 평가하여 스마트 댐퍼로서의 성능을 확인하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.209-219
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• 2019

Unbonded Post-Tensioned (UPT) precast concrete systems have been shown to provide excellent seismic resistance. In order to improve understanding of the dynamic response of UPT systems, a series of snap back tests on four UPT systems was undertaken consisting of one Single Rocking Wall (SRW) and three Precast Wall with End Columns (PreWEC) systems. The snap back tests provided both a static pushover and a nonlinear free vibration response of a system. As expected the SRW exhibited an approximate bi-linear inertia force-drift response during the free vibration decay and the PreWEC walls showed an inertia force-drift response with increased strength and energy dissipation due to the addition of steel O-connectors. All walls exhibited negligible residual drifts regardless of the number of O-connectors or the post-tensioning force. When PreWEC systems of the same strength were compared the inclusion of further energy dissipating O-connectors was found to decrease the measured peak wall acceleration. Both the local and global wall parameters measured at pseudo-static and dynamic loading rates showed similar behaviour, which demonstrates that the dynamic behaviour of UPT walls is well represented by pseudo-static tests. The SRW was found to have Equivalent Viscous Damping (EVD) between 0.9-3.8% and the three PreWEC walls were found to have maximum EVD of between 14.7-25.8%.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.89-102
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• 2020

Shape memory alloy (SMA)-based Superelasticity-assisted Slider (SSS) is proposed as an engineering solution to practically exploit the well-accepted advantages of both sliding isolation and SMA-based recentering. Self-centering capability in SSS is provided by austenitic SMA cables (or wire ropes), recently attracting a lot of interest and attention in earthquake engineering and seismic isolation. The cables are arranged in various novel and conventional configurations to make SSS versatile for aseismic design and retrofit of structures. All the configurations are detailed with thorough technical drawings. It is shown that SSS is applicable without the need for Isolation Units (IUs). IUs, at the same time, are devised for industrialized applications. The proof-of-concept study is carried out through the examination of mechanical behavior in all the alternative configurations. Force-displacement relations are determined. Isolation capabilities are predicted based on the decreases in seismic demands, estimated by the increases in effective periods and equivalent damping ratios. Restoring forces normalized relative to resisting forces are assessed as the criteria for self-centering capabilities. Lengths of SMA cables required in each configuration are calculated to assess the cost and practicality. Practical implementation is realized by setting up a small-scale IU. The effectiveness of SSS under seismic actions is evaluated using an innovative computer model and compared to those of well-known Isolation Systems (ISs) protecting a reference building. Comparisons show that SSS seems to be an effective IS and suitable for earthquake protection of both structural and non-structural elements. Further research aimed at additional validation of the system are outlined.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제73권3호
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• pp.303-317
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• 2020

In this study an innovative rocking zipper braced frame (RZBF) is proposed to overcome the deficiencies of common concentrically braced frames. RZBF is an improved rocking concentrically braced frame which is based on combination of rocking behavior and zipper columns. The base rocking joints and post-tensioned bars provide rocking response and restoring force, respectively. Also, zipper columns distribute the unbalance force over the frame height and reduce the damage concentration. To evaluate seismic performance of RZBF, a comparison study is carried out considering concentrically braced frame, zipper braced frame, rocking concentrically braced frame and RZBF. Thereby, a suite of non-linear time history analyses had been performed on four different types of archetypes with four, six, eight, ten and twelve stories. Frames were designed and non-linear time history analyses were conducted in OpenSees. To compare the seismic behavior of the archetypes, roof drifts, residual roof drifts, story drifts, the forces of first and top story braces, PT bars forces, column uplift and base shears were taken in to consideration. Results illustrate that using RZBF, can reduce the damage due to reduced residual drifts. Zipper columns enhance the seismic performance of rocking systems. As the number of stories increase in the RZBF systems, larger top story braces were needed. So the RZBF system is applicable on low and midrise buildings.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.739-757
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• 2017

The main goal of this study is to investigate the hysteretic behavior of polyurethane rubber springs in compression with and without precompression. The precompression is introduced to provide rigid force in the behavior, and thereby a precompressed rubber spring can be used for a restoring element. For the goal, this study prepares nine rubber springs for three suites which are all cylindrical in shape with a hole at the center. The rubber springs in each suite have different dimensions of diameter and length but have similar shape factors; thus, they are designed to have a similar compressive stiffness. Three rubber springs from the nine are tested with increasing compressive strain up to 30% strain to investigate the behavior of the rubber springs without precompression as well as the effect of the loading strain. The nine springs are compressed up to 30% strain with increasing precompressive strain from 0 to 20% at increments of 5%. The study analyzes the effective stiffness and damping ratio of the rubber springs with and without precompression, and the rigid force of the precompressed rubber springs is discussed. Finally, this study suggests a regression method to determine the minimum required precompression to eliminate residual strain after unloading.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2009년도 학술대회
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• pp.384-389
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• 2009

일반적으로 사용자의 동작 정보는 human-computer interaction 에 유용하게 사용되는데, 이때 사용자의 의도 파악은 주로 움직임의 가속도 정보를 통해 분석된다. 그러나 일반적인 사람의 움직임은 등속 운동 및 미미한 가속도를 수반하는 경우가 많아 기존의 접근 방식으로는 사용자의 모든 움직임을 검출하기 어려운 단점이 있으며, 경우에 따라서는 부자연스러운 움직임을 유발시키기도 한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 자연스러운 interaction 을 위한 새로운 인터페이스 방식을 제안하고 이의 활용방안에 대해 논의한다. 제안된 시스템은 중력을 기구부의 복원력으로 활용하여, 초기화와 같은 가속도계 기반의 IMU 의 공통적인 문제를 해결하고 또한 비교적 간단한 움직임으로도 다양한 신호 패턴을 생성시킬 수 있도록 하는 것에 그 목적을 둔다.