Structural Engineering and Mechanics

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Seismic response evaluation of concentrically rocking zipper braced frames

  • Sarand, Nasim Irani (Structural Engineering Department, School of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz) ;
  • Jalali, Abdolrahim (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kyrenia)
  • Received : 2018.07.05
  • Accepted : 2019.10.11
  • Published : 2020.02.10
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this study an innovative rocking zipper braced frame (RZBF) is proposed to overcome the deficiencies of common concentrically braced frames. RZBF is an improved rocking concentrically braced frame which is based on combination of rocking behavior and zipper columns. The base rocking joints and post-tensioned bars provide rocking response and restoring force, respectively. Also, zipper columns distribute the unbalance force over the frame height and reduce the damage concentration. To evaluate seismic performance of RZBF, a comparison study is carried out considering concentrically braced frame, zipper braced frame, rocking concentrically braced frame and RZBF. Thereby, a suite of non-linear time history analyses had been performed on four different types of archetypes with four, six, eight, ten and twelve stories. Frames were designed and non-linear time history analyses were conducted in OpenSees. To compare the seismic behavior of the archetypes, roof drifts, residual roof drifts, story drifts, the forces of first and top story braces, PT bars forces, column uplift and base shears were taken in to consideration. Results illustrate that using RZBF, can reduce the damage due to reduced residual drifts. Zipper columns enhance the seismic performance of rocking systems. As the number of stories increase in the RZBF systems, larger top story braces were needed. So the RZBF system is applicable on low and midrise buildings.

Keywords

References

  1. AISC Committee (2010), Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (ANSI/AISC 360-10), American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago-Illinois.
  2. AISC 341-10 (2010), Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings, American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago.
  3. Ariyaratana, C. and Fahnestock, L.A. (2011), "Evaluation of buckling-restrained braced frame seismic performance considering reserve strength", Eng. Struct., 33(1), 77-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.09.020.
  4. ATC (2004), Engineering Demand Parameters for Non-Structural Components, Report No. ATC-P58, Applied Technology Council, Redwood City, CA.
  5. Beck, J.L. and Skinner, R.I. (1973), "The seismic response of a reinforced concrete bridge pier designed to step", Earth. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 2(4), 343-358. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290020405.
  6. Blebo, F.C. and Roke, D.A. (2015), "Seismic-resistant self-centering rocking core system", Eng. Struct., 101, 193-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.07.016.
  7. Blebo, F.C. and Roke, D.A. (2018), "Seismic-resistant self-centering rocking core system with buckling restrained columns", Eng. Struct., 173, 372-382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.06.117.
  8. Chancellor, N.B. (2014), Seismic Design and Performance of Self-Centering Concentrically-Braced Frames, Lehigh University, USA.
  9. Christopoulos, C., Tremblay, R., Kim, H.J. and Lacerte, M. (2008), "Self-centering energy dissipative bracing system for the seismic resistance of structures: development and validation", J. Struct. Eng., 134(1), 96-107. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:1(96).
  10. Dyanati, M., Huang, Q. and Roke, D.A. (2014), "Structural and nonstructural performance evaluation of self-centering, concentrically braced frames under seismic loading", Structures Congress 2014, 2393-2404. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784413357.210.
  11. Dyanati, M., Huang, Q. and Roke, D. (2015), "Seismic demand models and performance evaluation of self-centering and conventional concentrically braced frames", Eng. Struct., 1(84), 368-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.11.036.
  12. Dyanati, M., Huang, Q. and Roke, D. (2017), "Cost-benefit evaluation of self-centring concentrically braced frames considering uncertainties", Struct. and Infrastruc. Eng., 13(5), 537-553. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2016.1173070.
  13. Eatherton, M.R., Hajjar, J.F., Deierlein, G.G., Ma, X. and Krawinkler, H. (2010), "Hybrid simulation testing of a controlled rocking steel braced frame system", 9th US National and 10 th Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Toronto, July.
  14. Eatherton , M.R., Ma, X., Krawinkler , H., Deierlein, G.G. and Hajjar, J.F. (2014), "Quasi-static cyclic behavior of controlled rocking steel frames", J. Struct. Eng., 140(11), https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001005.
  15. Fahnestock , L.A., Sause, R., Ricles, J.M. and Lu, L.W. (2003), "Ductility demands on buckling-restrained braced frames under earthquake loading", Earth. Eng. Eng. Vib., 2(2), 255-268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-003-0009-5.
  16. Garlock, M.M., Ricles, J.M. and Sause, R. (2005), "Experimental studies of full-scale posttensioned steel connections", J. Struct. Eng., 131(3), 438-448. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:3(438).
  17. Gunnarsson,I.R. (2004), "Numerical performance evaluation of braced frame systems", Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Washington, Washington.
  18. Henry, R.S., Sritharan, S. and Ingham, J.M. (2016), "Residual drift analyses of realistic self-centering concrete wall systems", Earth. Struct., 10(2).
  19. Hsiao, P.C., Lehman, D.E. and Roeder, C.W. (2013), "A model to simulate special concentrically braced frames beyond brace fracture", Earth. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 42(2), 183-200. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2202.
  20. Hsiao, P.C., Lehman, D.E and Roeder, C.W. (2012), "Improved analytical model for special concentrically braced frames", J. Construct. Steel Res., 1(73), 80-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2012.01.010.
  21. Huang, Q., Dyanati, M., Roke, D.A., Chandra, A. and Sett, K. (2018), "Economic feasibility study of self-centering concentrically braced frame systems", J. Struct. Eng., 144(8), https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002093.
  22. Huckelbridge, A.A. and Clough, R.W. (1977), "Earthquake simulation tests of a nine story steel frame with columns allowed to uplift", Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.
  23. Khatib, I.F., Mahin, S.A. and Pister K.S. (1988), "Seismic behavior of concentrically braced steel frames", Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California.
  24. Kelly, J.M., and Tsztoo, D.F. (1977), "Earthquake simulation testing of a stepping frame with energy-absorbing devices", EERC 77-17, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, U.S.A.
  25. Kiggins, S. and Uang, C.M. (2006), "Reducing residual drift of buckling-restrained braced frames as a dual system", Eng. Struct., 28(11), 1525-1532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.10.023.
  26. Kurama, Y., Pessiki, S., Sause, R. and Lu, L.W. (1999a), "Seismic behavior and design of unbonded post-tensioned precast concrete walls", PCI J., 44(3), 72-89.
  27. Kurama, Y., Sause, R., Pessiki, S and Lu, L.W. (1999b), "Lateral load behavior and seismic design of unbonded post-tensioned precast concrete walls", Struct. J., 96(4), 622-632.
  28. Lin, Y.C., Ricles, J., Sause, R. and Seo, C.Y. (2009), "Earthquake simulations on a self-centering steel moment resisting frame with web friction devices", Structures Congress: Don't Mess with Structural Engineers: Expanding Our Role (1-10), Austin, Texas, April. https://doi.org/10.1061/41031(341)149.
  29. Liu, J. and Astaneh-Asl, A. (2004), "Moment-rotation parameters for composite shear tab connections", J. Struct. Eng., 130(9), 1371-1380.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:9(1371).
  30. McKenna, F., Fenves, G.L. and Scott, M.H. (2000), "Open system for earthquake engineering simulation", University of California Berkeley, CA.
  31. Ozcelik, Y., Saritas, A. and Clayton, P.M. (2016), "Comparison of chevron and suspended-zipper braced steel frames", J. Constr. Steel Res., 1(119), 169-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2015.12.019.
  32. Pollino, M. and Bruneau, M. (2007), "Seismic retrofit of bridge steel truss piers using a controlled rocking approach.", J. Bridge Eng., 12(5), 600-610. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2007)12:5(600).
  33. Pollino, M. and Bruneau, M. (2010), "Seismic testing of a bridge steel truss pier designed for controlled rocking", J. Struct. Eng., 136(12), 1523-1532. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000261.
  34. Rahgozar, N., Moghadam, A.S., Rahgozar, N. and Aziminejad, A. (2016), "Performance evaluation of self-cenetring steel-braced frame", Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Structures and Buildings, 170(1), 3-16. https://doi.org/10.1680/jstbu.15.00136.
  35. Rahgozar, N., Moghadam, A.S. and Aziminejad, A. (2017), "Response of self-centering braced frame to near-field pulse-like ground motions", Struct. Eng. Mech., 62(4), 497-506. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2017.62.4.497.
  36. Ricles, J.M., Sause, R., Garlock, M.M. and Zhao, C. (2001), "Posttensioned seismic-resistant connections for steel frames", J. Struct. Eng., 127(2), 113-121. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2001)127:2(113).
  37. Rojas, P., Ricles, J.M. and Sause, R. (2005), "Seismic performance of post-tensioned steel moment resisting frames with friction devices", J.l Struct. Eng., 131(4), 529-540. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:4(529).
  38. Roke, D., Sause, R., Ricles, J.M., Seo, C.Y. and Lee, K.S. (2006), "Self-centering seismic-resistant steel concentrically-braced frames", Proceedings of the 8th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, EERI, San Francisco, USA, April.
  39. Roke , D., Sause, R., Ricles, J.M. and Gonner, N. (2009), "Design concepts for damage-free seismic-resistant self-centering steel concentrically braced frames", Structures Congress: Don't Mess with Structural Engineers: Expanding Our Role, 1-10. Austin, Texas, April. https://doi.org/10.1061/41031(341)155.
  40. Roke, D.A. and Hasan, M.R. (2012), "The effect of frame geometry on the seismic response of self-centering concentrically-braced frames", Int. J. Civil. Environ. Eng., 6, 140-145.
  41. Sabelli, R., Mahin, S. and Chang C. (2003), "Seismic demands on steel braced frame buildings with buckling-restrained braces", Eng. Struct., 25(5), 655-666. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(02)00175-X.
  42. Sabelli, R. (2001), "Research on improving the design and analysis of earthquake-resistant steel-braced frames", PF2000-9, EERI, Oakland, U.S.A.
  43. Sause, R., Ricles, J.M., Roke, D., Seo, C.Y. and Lee, K.S. (2006), "Design of self-centering steel concentrically-braced frames", Proceedings from the 4th International Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Taipei, October.
  44. Sause, R., Ricles, J., Roke, D., Chancellor, N. and Gonner, N. (2010), "Large-scale experimental studies of damage-free self-centering concentrically-braced frame under seismic loading", Structures Congress, ASCE, May. https://doi.org/10.1061/41130(369)136.
  45. Seo, C. (2005), "Influence of ground motion characteristics and structural parameters on seismic responses of SDOF systems", Ph.D. Dissertation, Lehigh University, U.S.A.
  46. Terzic, V. (2013), "Modeling SCB frames using beam-column elements", OpenSees. Abril. http://opensees.berkeley.edu.
  47. Tremblay, R., Lacerte, M. and Christopoulos, C. (2008), "Seismic response of multistory buildings with self-centering energy dissipative steel braces", J. Struct. Eng., 134(1), 108-120. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:1(108).
  48. Uriz, P. (2008), "Toward earthquake-resistant design of concentrically braced steel-frame structures", Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center.
  49. Wiebe, L., Christopoulos, C., Tremblay, R. and Leclerc, M. (2013), "Mechanisms to limit higher mode effects in a controlled rocking steel frame. 1: Concept, modelling, and low-amplitude shake table testing", Earth. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 42(7), 1053-1068. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2259.
  50. Wolski, M., Ricles, J.M. and Sause, R. (2009), "Experimental study of a self-centering beam-column connection with bottom flange friction device", J. Struct. Eng., 135(5), 479-488. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000006.
  51. Wu, D. and Lu, X.L. (2015), "Structural performance evaluation of a new energy-dissipation and light-weight rocking frame by numerical analysis and experiment", Proceedings of the 10th Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering Building and Earthquake-Resilient, November.
  52. Yang, C.S., Leon, R.T. and DesRoches, R. (2008), "Design and behavior of zipper-braced frames", Eng. Struct., 30(4), 1092-1100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.06.010.
  53. Yang, C.S., Leon, R.T. and DesRoches R. (2008), "Pushover response of a braced frame with suspended zipper struts", J. Struct. Eng., 134(10), 1619-1626. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:10(1619).
  54. Zhu, S. and Zhang, Y. (2008), "Seismic analysis of concentrically braced frame systems with self-centering friction damping braces", J. Struct. Eng., 134(1), 121-131. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:1(121).