• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2015

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a significant role in establishing self-tolerance through their ability to present self-antigens to developing T cells in the thymus. DCs are predominantly localized in the medullary region of thymus and present a broad range of self-antigens, which include tissue-restricted antigens expressed and transferred from medullary thymic epithelial cells, circulating antigens directly captured by thymic DCs through coticomedullary junction blood vessels, and peripheral tissue antigens captured and transported by peripheral tissue DCs homing to the thymus. When antigen-presenting DCs make a high affinity interaction with antigen-specific thymocytes, this interaction drives the interacting thymocytes to death, a process often referred to as negative selection, which fundamentally blocks the self-reactive thymocytes from differentiating into mature T cells. Alternatively, the interacting thymocytes differentiate into the regulatory T (Treg) cells, a distinct T cell subset with potent immune suppressive activities. The specific mechanisms by which thymic DCs differentiate Treg cells have been proposed by several laboratories. Here, we review the literatures that elucidate the contribution of thymic DCs to negative selection and Treg cell differentiation, and discusses its potential mechanisms and future directions.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.239-262
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• 2016

본 연구는 초등학교도서관의 자료 선정 과정 중 나타나는 사서(교사)의 자기 검열에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하여 자기 검열 행위를 줄일 수 있는 구조적 방안을 모색하는 데에 그 목적이 있다. 연구를 위하여 국내외 문헌 연구를 통해 자기 검열의 개념을 살펴보고 심층 면담을 통해 설문지를 개발하여 설문조사를 시행 후 통계적 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 장서 개발 정책과 학교도서관운영위원회, 도서관 장서 관련 민원 요소에서 집단 간 유의한 자기 검열 차이를 발견하였고, 이용자 및 도서관 장서에 대한 사서(교사)의 인식에서 자기 검열 영향 요인을 확인하였다. 이를 바탕으로 학교도서관운영위원회의 심의 기능 강화, 이용자 항의 대응 지침이 포함된 장서 개발 정책 마련, 학교도서관 소장 자료의 폐기 절차 간소화 등을 제안하였다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.123-131
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical nursing competence and self-efficacy of 4th and 2nd semester nursing college students who completed most of the performance-based nursing education curriculum. It was attempted to develop competency evaluation and competency-based curriculum. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, $scheff{\bar{e}}$ test, Pearson's correlation coefficients and Stepwise multiple regression in SPSS WIN 24.0 program. The findings of this study were as follows. 1) The knowledge level of essential basic nursing skills received a score of 88.95. The overall average score of clinical performance was 3.15 out of 5. The mean score of self-efficacy was $4.14{\pm}0.57$ points on 6 points 2) Among the general characteristics of subjects, 'motivation of major selection' and 'satisfaction of practice time' differed in the knowledge of essential basic nursing skills, 'religion' and 'health status' differed in clinical performance ability and 'interpersonal relationship', 'motivation of major selection', 'major satisfaction', 'satisfaction of practice time', 'nursing satisfaction', 'desired working period' and 'average rating' differed in self-efficacy. 3) The self-efficacy showed a significant positive correlation with the clinical nursing competency including the knowledge of essential basic nursing skills and clinical performance ability. The nursing satisfaction, clinical performance ability, the knowledge of essential basic nursing skills, interpersonal relationship and average rating influenced significantly and explained 23.7% of the subjects' self-efficacy.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.248-258
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• 2019

본 연구는 유치원에서 자유선택활동을 실시하는 교사의 전문성 향상을 위해 셀프리더십과의 관계를 살펴보고, 교사 효능감에 대한 매개효과를 분석하는 데 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 2018년 9월 17일부터 28일까지 서울 경기 지역 유치원 교사 총 325명에게 방문 조사를 통해 설문을 실시한 자료를 사용하였다. 자료 분석을 위해 SPSS Statistics 22.0과 AMOS 20.0 통계프로그램을 사용하여, 신뢰성분석, 확인적 요인분석, 상관관계 분석, 구조방정식 모형을 실시하였다. 가설검증 결과, 자유선택활동을 교육하는 유치원 교사의 셀프리더십은 교사효능감에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 교사 전문성에도 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 유치원 교사의 교사효능감도 교사의 전문성에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 유치원 교사의 셀프리더십이 교사효능감을 매개하여 교사 전문성에 간접효과가 통계적으로 유의하게 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 유치원 교사의 셀프리더십이 교사 전문성에 미치는 직접효과가 유의하게 나타났으며, 이는 유치원 교사의 교사효능감이 셀프리더십과 교사 전문성 간의 관계를 간접 매개함을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 통하여 유치원 교사의 전문성을 향상시키기 위해서는 교사의 셀프리더십을 강화하는 것은 물론이고, 교사들의 교사효능감 수준을 강화시키기 위해서는 업무환경에 대해 교사들에게 효능감을 높이기 위해 필요한 지식 및 기술 등을 제공하고 교사들의 전문성을 향상시키기 위한 적극적인 촉진자 및 조력자의 역할이 필요할 것이다.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• 제4권
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• pp.47-61
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• 2004

This study analyzed the buying patterns of American and Korean female college students in terms of criteria for clothing selection； store preferences； criteria for store selection； fashion information sources； expressions of customer dissatisfaction； purchasing frequency and motivations for purchasing clothes. The study was implemented through self-administered questionnaires which were back translated for validity. The samples consisted of 730 female college students majoring in the fields related to clothing and textiles： 310 U.S. and 412 Korean students. Likert scales were used for most measures with 1＝never or very unimportant and 5＝always or very important. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, analysis of covariance, Duncans multiple comparison, and t-test. Results are as follows： 1) Design factor was the most important criteria in clothing selection with no differences between country groups. There were, however, significant differences for psychological exhibition factors, practical and economic factors. 2) Both groups preferred specialty and department stores, with department stores more popular in Korea. 3) Merchandise was the most important store selection criterion and fashion magazines and self-experience were rated as the most important information sources for the both groups. 4) Korean group expressed their dissatisfaction with and observable problem with a product before purchase more often than U.S. group, but the U.S. group was more vocal about color loss or shrinkage after care procedures. 5) Some clear differences between the two countries emerged. Marketers targeting American consumers should pay more attention to practicality and service； to Korean consumers more symbolic meaning of products.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.3908-3920
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• 2015

In this paper, performance analysis of full-duplex (FD) relay selection under decode-and-forward (DF) relaying mode is carried out by taking into account several critical factors, including the distributions of the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the outage probability of wireless links. The tradeoff between the FD and half-duplex (HD) modes for relay selection techniques is also analyzed, where the former suffers from the impact of residual self-interference, but the latter requires more channel resources than the former (i.e., two orthogonal channels are required). Furthermore, the impact of optimal power allocation (OPA) on the proposed relay-selection scheme is analyzed. Particularly, the exact closed-form expressions for outage probability of the proposed scheme over Rayleigh fading channels are derived, followed by validating the proposed analysis using simulation. Numerical results show that the proposed FD based scheme outperforms the HD based scheme by more than 4 dB in terms of coding gain, provided that the residual self-interference level in the FD mode can be substantially suppressed to the level that is below the noise power.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.37-62
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• 2019

본 연구는 전문대 졸업생들의 4년제 대학 편입 결정과 해당 편입의 초임 기준 수익률을 살펴보았다. 이러한 분석을 위하여 본 연구는 성향점수매칭(PSM) 방법을 통해 전문대 졸업생 중 4년제 대학 편입생과 유사한 특징을 가지는 비편입 전문대 졸업생의 초임 수준을 구하여 이를 평균적인 비편입생과 비교하였으며, 이를 통해 해당 편입에 대해 양(+)의 자기선택(positive selection)이 있는 것으로 보였다. 이러한 결과는 전문대 대비 4년제 대학 졸업생의 큰 임금 편차와 연계되어 해석될 수 있다. 그리고 편입을 통한 추가적 교육이 초임에 미치는 효과는 약 4~8% 정도 나타났다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.794-801
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of the aerobic exercise type on macronutrient self-selection. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on a macronutrient self-selection diet for 4 weeks. For this purpose, mixed feeds were prescribed for the rats while they were forced to swim and run for 4 weeks. Animals were either swimming exercise or treadmill running exercised at 20m/min(60min/day). Cumulative daily energy and macronutrient intake were determined during this period. The running exercise group gained weight much more than the control group, while the swimming exercise group lost weight less than the control group. Such findings suggests that the former group took more feed. On the other hand, the dietary efficiency of the control group was higher, which implies that no physical exercise would result in a higher dietary efficiency. And there was significant difference of total dietary and calorie intakes among the three groups, Although insignificant in statistical means, it was found that the running group took feed most, which is attributable to the homeostasis requiring the supplementation of the calorie lost by exercise. Also, the running exercise group took the protein and carbohydrate most. while the control group took fat most. The decrease of fat intake by the running exercise group suggests the possibility that the in-body enzymes should adapt themselves to the changing in-body condition caused by the endurance exercise. In contrast, it is conceived that the more intake of the carbohydrate may be attributable to the need of supplementing the nutrient lost by the endurance exercise. As discussed above, the endurance exercise group took carbohydrate and protein and less fat than control group. In particular, it was found that the amount of feed intakes was affected much by types, intensity and duration of the exercises. All in all, such findings would apply to human beings. Now can increase the intakes of carbohydrate and decrease the intake of fat through an effective running exercise program and thereby, change our dietary patterns to the benefit of our body and simultaneously, prevent and adult\\`s diseases by decreasing the in % body fat level.(Korean J Nutrition 33(8) : 794-801, 2000)

• Fashion, Industry and Education
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.60-69
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• 2016

Visual literacy, a key element of a design portfolio, is achieved by communicating a consistent visual aesthetic with respect to design elements, design principles and individual style. Yet, students often feel challenged in articulating their personal aesthetic or design philosophy in order to create a unifying design identity within a body of artifacts. This paper shares some best practices on overcoming this challenge through students' engagement in self-reflection and identity formation processes. The implemented innovative strategy in a senior-level portfolio development course for apparel designers involved four different phases: 1) one-on-one meetings to self-reflect on previous design work, 2) selection and revision of artifacts, 3) peer-review and critiques of revised portfolio artifacts, and 4) development of a final ePortfolio to showcase a unified design identity. It was evident that recording students' initial self-reflection in the form of a metacognitive oral report encouraged and motivated identity development in their portfolio. Further, students expressed their satisfaction in the ability to participate in the selection process of artifacts by self-reflecting about what they wanted to highlight about themselves and why. Overall, student outcomes from this strategy exceeded expectations and the portfolios developed were successful in creating a cohesive design identity.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2016

Severity and frequency of industrial accidents are typically used to assess the "absolute" risk associated with the industrial machines and devices ("items") which are subject to safety certification or self-declaration of conformity. However, the "relative" risk associated with a particular item can further be assessed based on unit severity and unit frequency where the total number of item in use is taken into account. This study first attempts to estimate the total number of each item in use which was recently selected for safety certification or self-declaration of conformity. The appropriateness of such selection is recapitulated based on the relative risk involved. Analysis results indicate that depending on items, the relative risk is differentiated from the absolute risk. Recent selection of items for safety certification or self-declaration of conformity is then revisited for its validity. The relative risk based on unit severity and unit frequency of industrial accidents, together with the absolute risk, may be used to further categorize items for safety certification or self-declaration of conformity in the future.