• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2010

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether self-fermented pine extract for 2 years (SFPE2) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction from self-fermented pine needle extract may affect the contractility of the isolated aortic strips and blood pressure of normotensive rats. SFPE2 ($360-1440\;{\mu}g/mL$) significantly depressed both phenylephrine ($10\;{\mu}M$)- and high potassium (56 mM)-induced contractile responses of the isolated rat aortic strips in dose-dependent fashion. The EtOAc-fraction ($400\;{\mu}g/mL$) also inhibited both phenylephrine ($10\;{\mu}M$)- and high potassium (56 mM)-induced contractile responses. Also, in anesthetized normotensive rats, intravenous injection of the EtOAc fraction (1.0~10.0 mg/kg) dose-dependently elicited hypotensive responses. The EtOAc fractions (1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg/30 min) inhibited norepinehrine-induced pressor responses. Intravenous infusion of SFPE2 fraction (3.0 and 10.0 mg/kg/30 min) also inhibited norepinehrine-induced pressor responses in both anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and normotensive rats. In conclusion, these results suggest that both SFPE2 and the EtOAc fraction cause vascular relaxation in the aortic strips isolated from normotensive rats and SHRs as well as vasodepressor responses. Based on these experimental data, it seems that SFPE2 or the EtOAc fraction possesses active antihypertensive components, which are available to prevent or treat hypertension in future.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.36-48
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• 2013

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of several fractions obtained from methylene chloride ($CH_2Cl_2$) extract of self-fermented pine needle (SFPNE) on the acetylcholine (ACh)-evoked CA release from the isolated perfused model of the rat adrenal medulla and to establish the mechanism of the most active fraction (Fr.)-induced inhibitory action on the CA release. We obtained 6 fractions from $CH_2Cl_2$ extract of self-fermented pine needle. For the ACh (5.32 mM)-evoked CA release, the following rank order of inhibitory potency was obtained: Fr.4-5 > Fr.8-11 ${\gg}$ Fr.3 > Fr.6 = Fr.7 > Fr.1-2. Fr. 4 - 5 (60 ${\mu}g/mL$) perfused into an adrenal vein for 90 min produced relatively time-dependent inhibition of the CA secretory responses to ACh (5.32 mM), DMPP (100 ${\mu}M$), McN-A-343 (100 ${\mu}M$) and high $K^+$ (56 mM). Fr. 4 - 5 itself did not affect basal CA secretion. Also, in the presence of Fr. 4 - 5 (60 ${\mu}g/mL$), the CA secretory responses to angiotensin II (AngII, 0.1 ${\mu}M$), veratridine (50 ${\mu}M$), Bay-K-8644 (10 ${\mu}M$), and cyclopiazonic acid (10 ${\mu}M$) were significantly reduced, respectively. In the simultaneous presence of Fr. 4 - 5 (60 ${\mu}g/mL$) and L-NAME (30 ${\mu}M$), the inhibitory responses of Fr. 4 - 5 on the CA secretion evoked by ACh, DMPP, high $K^+$, AngII, Bay-K-8644 and veratridine were considerably recovered to the extent of the corresponding control secretion compared with that of Fr. 4 - 5-treatment alone. The level of NO released from adrenal medulla after the treatment of Fr. 4 - 5 (60 ${\mu}g/mL$) was greatly elevated compared with the basal level. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Fr. 4 - 5 inhibits the CA secretion from the isolated perfused rat adrenal medulla evoked by stimulation of cholinergic receptors as well as by direct membrane-depolarization. It seems that this inhibitory effect of Fr. 4 - 5 is mediated by blocking the influx of $Ca^{2+}$ and $Na^+$ into the adrenomedullary chromaffin cells as well as by inhibition of $Ca^{2+}$ release from the cytoplasmic calcium store, which is evoked at least partly through the increased NO production due to the activation of NO synthase. Based on these results, it is also thought that Fr. 4 - 5 isolated from $CH_2Cl_2$ extract of pine needle may contain beneficial antihypertensive components to prevent or treat hypertension.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.376-383
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• 2006

솔잎착즙액(PNE)은 엽록소 함유량(40.8 mg/100 g)이 높고 비타민 C도 다량함유(149 mg/100 g)하고 있어 기능성 식품으로 개발가능성이 높으며, 솔잎 발효액은 향미가 좋아지고 기능성이 높아져서 고부가가치가 크므로 발효의 조건과 활성도를 조사 분석하여 고기능성 솔잎발효액(SFPE)을 개발하고자 하였다. 솔잎자체발효(SFPE)에 관여하는 균을 발효단계에 따라 분리, 선발하고 동정하였다. GPYA배지에서 발효균을 스크린하여 Pichia galeiformis, Candida boidinii, Pichia species, Candida species1, Candida species2, Candida ooidensis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida karawaiewii를 선발하였으며, 발효가 진행됨에 따라 2년차에는 Candida boidinii, Candida species2, Candida ooidensis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae가 선발되었고, 3년차에는 Candida species1&2가 선발되어 Candida species2가 우점종으로 나타났다. 그러나 발효 4년차에는 어떤 균도 선발되지 않았다. Candida species2는 Candida ernobii와 99.65%의 homology를 보였다. E. coli, Bacillus subtilis와 Staphylococcus aureus에 대해서 SFPE를 농도별로 처리하였을 때 높은 항균활성을 확인하였다. SFPE 1, 4, 7의 항산화 활성은 $0.025{\mu}{\ell}/ml$의 농도로 처리하였을 경우 SFPE 1, 4, 7이 약 34.8%의 NBT scavenging의 활성을 보여주었고, $0.2{\mu}{\ell}/ml{\sim}0.3{\mu}{\ell}/ml$의 농도에서는 SFPE 1, 4, 7이 약 90%에 달하는 NBT scavenging 의 활성능력을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 전기생리학적 실험을 통하여 솔잎발효액이 쥐의 혈관수축 이완에 미치는 효과를 분석한 결과 Phenylephrine(PE)($10^6M$)으로 유발된 수축반응에 대해 SFPE를 0.15 mg/ml과 0.3 mg/ml을 첨가하였을 때 혈관이 다시 이완되었으며, ATP 민감성 $K^+$ 채널 억제제인 glibenclamide($10^5M$)을 처리하였을 때 SFPE 7 효과가 나타나지 않은 것으로 보아 SFPE의 혈관 이완작용이 세포막 ATP-민감성 $K^+$ 통로를 활성화시켜 이루어짐을 확인하였다.