• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.669-679
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• 2019

본 연구는 2015 개정 교육과정에서 처음 도입된 과학탐구실험 과목을 운영하면서 과학 교사들이 겪는 어려움을 파악하고, 이에 대한 지원방안을 모색해보는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 과학탐구실험 수업과 관련하여 수업 외적 요인, 수업 실천(준비, 실행), 수업에 대한 평가, 과학탐구실험 과목의 발전방향 항목으로 구성된 설문지를 개발하였고, 전국의 1674개교의 고등학교에 1교당 1명의 교사가 응답하도록 온라인 설문 조사를 요청하였다. 설문 결과 분석에는 설문지의 필수문항에 모두 답변한 814명의 응답 내용이 활용되었고, 결과 분석의 타당도 확보를 위해 집단 면담과 온라인 자문회를 실시하였다. 연구결과 교사들은 수업 준비 시간과 수업 시간의 부족을 호소하였고, 이를 해결하기 위해 실험 보조 인력의 활용, 양질의 자료 개발 및 공유를 강조하였다. 또한 과학탐구실험 과목의 목표 달성을 위해 블록타임제를 적극 활용하는 것이 필요하지만 실제로 운영하는 데에는 어려움이 있음을 토로하였다. 한편, 2019학년도에 변화된 평가 방식은 교사들에게 긍정적으로 인식되고 있었고 이로 인해 수행평가의 비율이 전년도에 비해 증가하였으나, 학생들이 직접 실험 기구를 다루는 실험의 횟수에는 큰 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 마지막으로, 이러한 결과를 종합하여 과학탐구실험 과목의 지원 방안에 대해 제언하였다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2015

Purpose - The characteristics of the modern management environment in Korea clearly involve the limitations of knowledge management, globalization, changes in industrial structures, polarization of the economy, consumption, and education, and the demand for creative management. To achieve a continuous competitive advantage for individuals as well as organizations, Wisdom Management can be said to be a paradigm for the current environment. The Research is an alternative to environmental management in the early study of the need to conceptualize the theoretical approach to wisdom management. In other words, it presents a new management paradigm for a business environment of uncertainty and unpredictability. Furthermore, it aims to propose Wisdom Management as an alternative in the modern management environment as well as a topic of discourse. Its purpose is to provide basic knowledge to people who study and practice in this field to strengthen the competitiveness of individuals and companies. Research design, data, and methodology - This paper first provides six characteristics of the current management environment at home and abroad. It then attempts to emphasize the necessity of wisdom based on such characteristics by classifying wisdom according to recent management study research. This allows the derivation of definitions of wisdom management, suggesting its components and properties. Results - The six characteristics of the modern business environment are: 1) limits of knowledge, 2) intensifying globalized competition, 3) changes in industry structure - IoT (Internet of all Things) trend, 4) serious polarization and social unrest diffusion, 5) personal and organizational competitiveness creativity requirements, and 6) domestic special national and social situations. Therefore, accordingly, wisdom can be defined and classified as: wisdom that offers potential integration beyond knowledge, practicing and maintaining knowledge wisdom as an efficient strategy for an organization wisdom as a decision-making process that addresses ambivalence wisdom as the pursuit of common goods based on ethics; and, wisdom as creativity that involves intuition and insight. This paper attempts to define Wisdom Management in accordance with these definitions of wisdom. Wisdom Management is a management system that is awareof the current environment given in the multidimensional perspective, achieves the efficiency of the organization and the goals of common good through an uncertain decision-making process, based on the organization of individual and organizational knowledge, and the internal experiences and resources. Wisdom Management components include human beings, virtue, knowledge, creativity, and ambivalent thinking. Its properties include intentionality, self-destructiveness, creative and ethical reflexivity, complexity, insight, unpredictability, ambivalence, and wholeness. Conclusions - Since all organizations face the limitations of their environment, crises, and opportunities, applying wisdom in management to develop as Wisdom Management can be an inevitable alternative to the uncertainties of the management environment faced by modern society. The conceptualization of Wisdom Management forms a valuable context to further advance knowledge management theory into practice. It is also a cornerstone of strategic management and can provide insight into its potential for success and implementation.

• 감성과학
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.523-538
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• 2007

본 연구는 의인화된 인터페이스 에이전트와 사용자의 성별이 에이전트에 대한 사용자의 평가에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위해 실시되었다. 또한 에이전트의 시각적인 사실성의 수준에 관계없이 성별과 정서 표현 방식의 효과가 나타나는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 1은 공감적인 정서를 표현하는 얼굴 사진을 에이전트로 제시하고 에이전트의 성별과 사용자의 성별에 따라 사용자의 평가가 어떻게 달라지는지 알아보았다. 참가자로 하여금 에이전트와 함께 과제에 참가하게 한 다음 에이전트에 대한 느낌을 대인 평가 척도를 이용해 평정하도록 한 결과, 전반적으로 여성 에이전트를 선호하는 경향이 나타났다. 또한 참가자가 이성의 에이전트를 보다 긍정적으로 평가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 연구 2는 시각적인 사실성이 떨어지는 그래픽 캐릭터를 이용하여 에이전트로 제시하고 성별과 정서 표현 방식을 조작하였다. 참가자로 하여금 에이전트와 함께 과제에 참가하게 한 다음 에이전트에 대한 느낌을 평정하도록 한 결과, 연구 1과 마찬가지로 여성 에이전트를 더 긍정적으로 평가하는 경향이 나타났다. 또한 참가자는 참가자의 상태에 호응하는 방식으로 공감적인 정서를 표현하는 에이전트를 에이전트 자신의 정서를 표현하는 조건이나 정서를 표현하지 않는 조건보다 더 긍정적으로 평가하였다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 시각적인 사실성이 떨어지는 에이전트가 사용자와 상호작용할 경우에도 에이전트의 성별의 효과와 공감적인 정서 표현 방식의 효과는 여전히 사용자의 평가에 영향을 미친다는 것을 지지하였다.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제39호
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• pp.95-130
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 특정직 경호공무원의 전직 역량을 개발하는 것으로서 전직 역량에 대한 규명과 정의 및 체계화를 통해 특정직 경호공무원들이 전직하는데 필요한 핵심 역량들이 어떠한 것들이 있는 지를 밝히고자 하였다. 선행 문헌 연구와 전문가 협의회 검토와 전문가 델파이조사 등 3단계의 역량도출방법을 활용하여 진행하였다. 우선먼저 연구자가 선행 문헌고찰을 통해 구조화한 잠정 전직관련 역량 6개 역량 군 124개의 하위역량들을 관련분야 전문가 협의회(9명) 3회에 걸쳐 검토보완을 통해 4개 역량 군 84개의 하위역량으로 조정하였다. 4개 역량군 84개 하위역량에 대한 전직분야 전문가 38명과 전직 성공자 38명 등 총 78명을 균형 있게 구성하여 반 구조화된 제한응답형의 질문지를 통해 델파이조사를 실시하고 정성적 분석과 정량적 분석을 사용하였으며 전직역량의 타당도 검증을 one-sample-test를 활용하였다. 분석한 결과 1차 4개 역량 군 42개의 하위역량으로, 2차 4개 역량 군 23개의 하위역량으로, 3차 4개 역량 군 22개의 하위역량이 최종적으로 분석, 개발되었다. 연구과정에 직접 참여한 경호공무원 전직성공자들의 의견이 반영된 연구결과는 특정직 경호공무원들의 전직에 필요한 역량강화를 위한 전직지원 교육과정 및 교육체계를 구축하는데 기초 자료로 활용될 것이다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.240-250
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• 2018

By the end of 2017, in a world of 7.6 billion people, there were inequalities in healthcare indices both within and between nations, and this gap continues to increase. Therefore, this study aims to understand the current status of regional inequalities in healthcare indices and to find an action plan to tackle regional health inequality through a geo-economic review in Korea. Since 2008, there was great inequality in life expectancy and healthy life expectancy by region in not only metropolitan cities but also districts in Korea. While the community health statistics from 2008-2017 show a continuous increase of inequality during the last 10 years in most healthcare indices related to noncommunicable diseases (except for some, like smoking), the inequality has doubled in 254 districts. Furthermore, health inequality intensified as the gap between urban (metropolitan cities) and rural regions (counties) for rates of obesity (self-reported), sufficient walking practices, and healthy lifestyle practices increased from twofold to fivefold. However, regionalism and uneven development are natural consequences of the spatial perspective caused by state-lead developmentalism as Korea has fixed the accumulation strategy as its model for growth with the background of export-led industrialization in the 1960s and heavy and chemical industrialization in the 1970s, although the Constitution of the Republic of Korea recognizes the legal value of balanced development within the regions by specifying "the balanced development of the state" or "ensuring the balanced development of all regions." In addition, the danger of a 30% decline or extinction of local government nationwide is expected by 2040 as we face not only a decline in general and ageing populations but also the era of the demographic cliff. Thus, the government should continuously operate the "Special Committee on Regional Balanced Development" with a government-wide effort until 2030 to prevent disparities in the health conditions of local residents, which is the responsibility of the nation in terms of strengthening governance. To address the regional inequalities of rural and urban regions, it is necessary to re-adjust the basic subsidy and cost-sharing rates with local governments of current national subsidies based mainly on population scale, financial independence of local government, or distribution of healthcare resources and healthcare indices (showing high inequalities) overall.

• 감성과학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.17-34
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• 2018

스스로 완벽하게 목적지까지 주행하는 완전 자율주행 자동차 시대가 가까운 미래에 도래할 것으로 예상되면서 자동차 산업은 1800년대 후반에 자동차가 탄생한 이래 큰 변화를 꾀해야 할 중대한 전환기를 맞이하고 있다. 완전 자율주행 자동차는 단순한 이동수단의 개념을 넘어 생활공간으로 정의되어지며, 앞으로 실내공간을 중심으로 큰 변화가 나타나게 될 것이라고 전망되고 있으나 완전 자율주행 자동차 실내공간 디자인에 대한 기존 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 생활공간이라는 개념에 적합하도록 사용자의 감성적 경험을 충족시켜줄 수 있는 근본적인 디자인 요소인 실내행위에 대한 분석을 통해 실내공간 디자인 방안을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 위해 완전 자율주행 자동차의 실내행위에 대한 소비자 의식을 조사하였다. 분석 결과 국내 소비자들은 완전 자율주행 자동차 내에서 '수면 및 휴식', 'TV 및 영화 시청', '음악감상' 등 개인 중심 행위 중에서도 휴식 및 감상 활동과 관련된 실내행위에 대한 필요성을 인지하고 있었으며, 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 완전 자율주행 자동차 실내공간 디자인 방안을 제안하였다. 본 연구는 소비자 니즈(needs)를 정량적 방법으로 분석하여 실내공간 디자인 방안을 새로운 시각으로 제시한 선도적인 연구라는 점에서 중요한 의미를 지닌다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.605-622
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• 1996

Needle stick injury, in which blood-borne pathogens including Human Immune-Deficiency virus and hepatitis B virus are transmitted, is one of the major occupational hazards that health professionals face everyday. In order to provide basic data for the development of educational programs for health professionals aimed at preventing and effectively managing needle stick injuries, a retrospective descriptive study was carried out .The subjects of the study were 630 health professionals, 499 nurses and 131 physicians, from two university hospitals in Seoul, Korea. Data on episodes of needle stick experiences over the past is months September 1994 through August 1995, were collected between September 1 and 7, 1995. A Questionaire developed by the researcher was used. The frequencies and the percentile score for episodes of needle stick injuries were calculated using the PC-SAS program. The differences and similarities in reference to the structure, career, and specialty variables were analysed by X$^2$-tests. Results are as follows : 1. Of the sample, 521(82.7%) reported a needle stick injury, 33.4% reported 3 or more episodes of needle stick injuries. 2. The needle stick injuries occured in the following processes : process of percutaneous venepuncture for intra-venous injection and infusion(55.3%), medical examination and treatment(48.9%), per-cutaneous venepuncture for blood sampling (46.3%) and intra-muscular injection(42.2%). 3. The study showed that needle stick injuries occured before(19%), during(25%), and after (56%) client treatment. The major causes of needle stick injuries were perceived to be hastiness(82.2%) and carelessness(48.3%). Of these injuries, 91.8% occured in emergency situations. 4. Follow of care for the injury consisted of : treating the injured site immediately using disinfectants(89.7%), reviewing the clinical records of the patient involved(84.2%), immunological investigation for the status of antibodies(11.1%) and self-medication of antibiotics (10.7%). Only 16.3% of the total episodes were founded to have been reported to the administrative unit. 5. The length of clinical experience of the nurses, clinical specialty and length of clinical experience in physicians were found to have influenced the episodes of needle stick injuries ; nurses with less than 1 year and with more than 6 years of clinical experiences had significantly lower levels (X$^2$=25.04, P=.00), surgeons had significantly higher levels (X$^2$=9.89, P=.02) compared to that of internists and interns, higher(X$^2$=4.54, P=.03)than residents.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2018

Purpose: Many researchers have established a connection between sleep disturbances and the symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in adults, but there are a few studies targeted at adolescents with TMD. The aim of this study was to analyze the sleep pattern of adolescents with TMD and to determine the effect of poor sleep quality on their clinical symptoms. Methods: The subjects were composed of 47 adolescents with TMD. The sleep pattern and preliminary information of patients were measured by self-reported questionnaires; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Questionnaire for TMD analysis. TMD pain was scored using the Numerical Rating Scale. The Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher's exact test and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: The poor sleeping group had statistically more females (25.00% males, 75.00% females) than the good sleeping group. As compared with that of good sleepers, sleep quality of poor sleepers was significantly worse in the items of subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep disturbances, daytime dysfunction and global PSQI score. The sleep time of adolescents was much longer during vacation ($7.20{\pm}1.38hours$) than during school days ($6.10{\pm}1.26hours$). Poor sleep of patients was associated with the pain in the ear or in front of the ear, in the face, jaw, throat or temple and in neck or back. Adolescents with pain in those areas had significantly higher proportion of poor sleepers than adolescents with no pain in those areas. Conclusions: The high ratio of girls in poor sleeping group could reflect the greater prevalence of TMD in women than in men. Pain in peri-temporomandibular joint areas, neck or back could negatively influence sleep quality of adolescents with TMD.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2003

Families of children with cancer face many illness-related demands. The perceived social support is a critical resource for the family adaptation process. And the patterns of family adaptation to childhood cancer varies as characteristics of disease, which is prognosis, the influence of cognition function, and treatment process. The conceptual definition of social support is not unidimensional. However, most studies focus on general aspect of mediating effects on adaptation. Diverse dimensions of perceived social support should be considered in its effectiveness for intervention. Therefore, this study was undertaken to determine whether family's perceived social support influences the family adaptation of family with pediatric cancer and what dimension influences mostly in family adaptation as the characteristics of disease in the family of children with cancer. The subject was consisted of 102 families with pediatric cancer who had been diagnosed as leukemia or brain tumor last 2 years. Those families had participated in the education program or meetings for family who have with pediatric cancer children. The measurement for this study were Personal Resource Questionnaire (PRQ) Part-Ⅱ developed by Brandt and Weinert to measure parents' perceived social support, and the McCubbin's Coping Health Inventory for Parents (CHIP) to measure family coping. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; Regression analysis showed that perceived social support has effect on family adaptation with β=.43, p<.01. In the group of family of child with leukemia, social support as general has effect on adaptation (β=.40, p<.01) and specially, social support perceived as intimacy was strongly effect on family adaptation. And In the group of brain tumor, Social support has effect on adaptation(β=.46, p<.01) and among the social support domains, the self esteem dimension was most predictable to family adaptation. In conclusion, the perceived social support is a predictor on family adaptation and useful vehicle to help family who has child with pediatric cancer. An important clinical implication is that specified support program for intervention may be useful and critical for the family who has diverse pediatric conditions of childhood cancer. Further studies should stress the effects of family support for clinical intervention and is needed with diverse stage of development and pediatric conditions.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.49-53
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• 2004

환자들의 치과 치료시 심리적으로 안정이 되고 편안하게 보일 수 있는 복장을 제시하고 치과위생사의 이미지 향상을 위해 치과에 내원한 성인환자 486명을 대상으로 2003년 1월 20일부터 2월 20일까지 자기기입식에 의한 설문조사를 실시하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 선호하는 의복형태에 대해 39.1%의 환자들이 투피스치마를 가장 선호하였고 일반적 특성에 따른 의복형태 분석결과 성별에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<0.01). 2. 의복색상에 대해 36.2%의 환자들이 분홍색 계열을 선호하였다. 3. 선호하는 신발은 44.2%의 환자들이 샌들을 가장 선호하였고 일반적 특성에 따른 분석결과 연령(p<0.01), 성별(p<0.05)에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 4. 머리스타일은 환자들의 43.6%가 뒤로 묶은 머리를 가장 선호하였고 일반적 특성에 따른 분석결과 연령(p<0.05), 성별(p<0.01)에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 5. 선호하는 화장정도는 45.9%의 환자들이 전체화장을 가장 선호했으며 일반적 특성에 따른 분석결과 성별(p<0.01)에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 6. 치과위생사 표시방법으로 환자들의 60.7%가 명찰을 가장 선호하였고 일반적 특성에 따른 분석결과 연령(p<0.05)에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 7. 자신이 선호하는 복장에 대해 75.9%의 환자들이 자신에게 안정을 준다고 하였다.