• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.451-460
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• 2022

Moebius syndrome (MBS) is a congenital neurologic disorder that causes cranio-facial abnormalities. It involves paralysis of the VI and VII cranial nerves and causes bilateral or unilateral facial paralysis, eye movement disorder, and deformation of the upper and lower limbs. The orofacial dysfunctions include microstomia, micrognathia, hypotonic mimetic and lip muscles, dental enamel hypoplasia, tongue deformity, open bite or deep overbite, maxillary hypoplasia, high arched palate, mandibular hyperplasia or features indicating mandibular hypoplasia. This case report presents a 7-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with MBS at the age 2 years. The patient displayed typical clinical symptoms and was diagnosed with Class II malocclusion with a large overjet/overbite, tongue deformity and motion limitation, and lip closure incompetency. Treatment was initiated using a removable appliance for left scissor bite correction. After permanent tooth eruption, fixed appliance treatment was performed for correction of the arch width discrepancy and deep overbite. A self-ligation system and wide-width arch form wire were used during the treatment to expand the arch width. After 30 months of phase II treatment, the alignment of the dental arch and stable molar occlusion was achieved. Function and occlusion remained stable with a Class I canine and molar relationship, and a normal overjet/overbite was maintained after 9.4 years of retainer use. In MBS patients, it is important to achieve an accurate early diagnosis, and implement a multidisciplinary treatment approach and long-term retention and follow-up.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 1983

Screening data from preplacement and periodic examination in Gu Mi Industrial Estate from May, 1983 to June, 1983 provide an opportunity to evaluate the accuracy of self-reported height and weight. The data for men and women were analyzed separated for effects of age, marrital status, educational level, employment status, measured height, measured weight and relative weight (percent of ideal body weight). The mean percent discrepancy from self-reported and measured height was analysed by cross-tubulation, P. value for analysis of variance and multiple correlation analysis in men and women. It is clear from the data that self-reported height and weigt differ from the quantities in systemic ways. But the magnitude of misreporting is very small on average except for weight in women. Whereas height tend to be over-reported, weight is under-reported in women but over-reported in men. Weight was accuracte for age group 20-29 years in men and age group over 40 year in women and over-reporting of weight increased with age in men and under-reporting of weight decreased with age in women. Weight was accurate in 60-64kg group in men and under 50kg group in women and under-stating of weight increased with weight in men and women. Weight was the most accurate in 100-109 percent relative weight group in men and in 90-99 percent relative weight group in women and under-stating of weight increased with relative weight and over-stating decreased with relative weight and over-stating decreased with relative weight in men and women. Height was the most accurate for group of primary school and except group of primary school, accuracy of height increased with educational level in men and women. In height, the highest measured height groups (over than 175cm measured height in men and over than 165cm measured height in women) were the most accurate and of over-reporting of height decreased with measured height. Single variable regression analysis and ANOVAs showed age(P<0.003), measured weight(P<0.0001) relative weight(P<0.0001), educational level(P<0.0005) and employment status(P<0.0007) to be significantly related to ${\Delta}WT$ in women and measured height(P<0.0001), educational level(P<0.03) and marrital status (P<0.03) to be significantly related to ${\Delta}WT$ in men. The women were more sensitive about her body weight than height.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.112-119
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• 2011

Objectives : Obesity has been linked to various psychological problems as well as medical complications, especially among adolescents. Previous studies have suggested an association between body weight and depression or self-esteem ; however, there has been little evidence on self-perception of weight and mental health. The aim of this study was to examine the association of perceptional weight status with mental health in Korean adolescents. Methods : This study was based on data obtained from the third Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (2005). The study sample consisted of 583 adolescents (268 boys, 315 girls) aged 12-18 years, who had completed the health survey, the health examination, and the nutritional survey. Participants were divided into two groups based on the actual or perceptional weight status: non-obese and obese. Questionnaires for stress, depressive mood, and suicidal thoughts were utilized as mental health indicators. Results : The agreement between actual and perceptional weight status was moderate (k value, 0.585 ; p<0.01). The influencing factors for the discrepancy between actual and perceptional weight status were body mass index of subjects and their parents' education. The obese group was likely to have higher stress levels and more experience of depressive mood or suicidal ideation in regard to both actual and perceptional weight status. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that girls who had perceived themselves as obese were more likely to have an experience of depressive mood than other girls (unadjusted OR, 4.98 ; adjusted OR, 5.15). Conclusion : An experience of depressive mood was significantly associated with the perception of weight status and not actual weight status in Korean female adolescents.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.296-305
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• 2013

For the purpose of evaluating the prevalence of malocclusion and self-esteem in adolescents, 1,380 middle-school students in the Yangsan area were surveyed by oral examination and questionnaires and the obtained results were as follows: The distribution of 1st molar occlusion by Angle's classification was 69.0, 19.4, 10.6% for Class I, II and III respectively. In the horizontal relationship, the prevalence of normal overjet and crossbite was 86.9% and 5.6% respectively whereas larger and extremely larger overjet was found in 6.6% and 0.8%. In the vertical relationship of anterior teeth, normal, deep overbite and openbite was shown in 94.1%, 4.7%, and 1.2%. For the midline discrepancy, the distribution of groups with 0~1 mm, 2~4 mm and over 5 mm was 98.2%, 1.4%, and 0.4%. Crowding only in the maxilla was found in 9.6%, while that only in the mandible and in both arches was 14.1% and 24.1% respectively. Spacing only in the maxilla was seen in 3.0%, while that only in the mandible and in both arches was 2.4% and 1.7% respectively. Significant difference in self-esteem was revealed in female and malocclusion groups of crossbite and openbite(p < 0.05).

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.89-95
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• 2003

Observations of dark matter dominated dwarf and low surface brightness disk galaxies favor density profiles with a flat-density core, while cold dark matter (CDM) N-body simulations form halos with central cusps, instead. This apparent discrepancy has motivated a re-examination of the microscopic nature of the dark matter in order to explain the observed halo profiles, including the suggestion that CDM has a non-gravitational self-interaction. We study the formation and evolution of self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) halos. We find analytical, fully cosmological similarity solutions for their dynamics, which take proper account of the collisional interaction of SIDM particles, based on a fluid approximation derived from the Boltzmann equation. The SIDM particles scatter each other elastically, which results in an effective thermal conductivity that heats the halo core and flattens its density profile. These similarity solutions are relevant to galactic and cluster halo formation in the CDM model. We assume that the local density maximum which serves as the progenitor of the halo has an initial mass profile ${\delta}M / M {\propto} M^{-{\epsilon}$, as in the familiar secondary infall model. If $\epsilon$ = 1/6, SIDM halos will evolve self-similarly, with a cold, supersonic infall which is terminated by a strong accretion shock. Different solutions arise for different values of the dimensionless collisionality parameter, $Q {\equiv}{\sigma}p_br_s$, where $\sigma$ is the SIDM particle scattering cross section per unit mass, $p_b$ is the cosmic mean density, and $r_s$ is the shock radius. For all these solutions, a flat-density, isothermal core is present which grows in size as a fixed fraction of $r_s$. We find two different regimes for these solutions: 1) for $Q < Q_{th}({\simeq} 7.35{\times} 10^{-4}$), the core density decreases and core size increases as Q increases; 2) for $Q > Q_{th}$, the core density increases and core size decreases as Q increases. Our similarity solutions are in good agreement with previous results of N-body simulation of SIDM halos, which correspond to the low-Q regime, for which SIDM halo profiles match the observed galactic rotation curves if $Q {\~} [8.4 {\times}10^{-4} - 4.9 {\times} 10^{-2}]Q_{th}$, or ${\sigma}{\~} [0.56 - 5.6] cm^2g{-1}$. These similarity solutions also show that, as $Q {\to}{\infty}$, the central density acquires a singular profile, in agreement with some earlier simulation results which approximated the effects of SIDM collisionality by considering an ordinary fluid without conductivity, i.e. the limit of mean free path ${\lambda}_{mfp}{\to} 0$. The intermediate regime where $Q {\~} [18.6 - 231]Q_{th}$ or ${\sigma}{\~} [1.2{\times}10^4 - 2.7{\times}10^4] cm^2g{-1}$, for which we find flat-density cores comparable to those of the low-Q solutions preferred to make SIDM halos match halo observations, has not previously been identified. Further study of this regime is warranted.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.99-125
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• 2008

This article aimed to clear that the systematic bias according to the length of work time exists between estimated work time by self-reported questions used mainly in measuring and calculating the length of work time because of strong points of easy in measuring and so on and diary work time by time-diary method used because of the strong point that can measure more accurate lifetime by recording various activities of respondents during 24 hours in the stream. As the result that analyze the data from Lifetime Use Survey in 2004, the result like the contradiction came that the tendency of overstating work time is rising according as estimated work time increases via estimated work time, whereas the tendency of understating work time is rising according as diary work time increases via diary work time. The reason that the opposite results come despite the data from the same survey is that random errors act in the opposite directions by regression to the mean. Therefore, we cannot emphasize that a man working long hours tends to exaggerate his work hours by the result via estimated work time. That is, the fact that the systematic bias by the increase of work time does not exist is confirmed, and therefore, it is also impossible to raise questions about the accuracy of the data through estimated work time by self-reported questions from the evidence of the existence of that bias.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.30-39
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• 2010

Objectives：Assessment of sleep disturbance is an essential part of the diagnostic criteria used for several psychiatric disorders. Change in sleep patterns over time may indicate response to treatment. In clinical practice, sleep is usually evaluated subjectively by patient self-report. This study was aimed to compare subjective sleep assessment with objective sleep measurement by actigraphy in psychiatric inpatients. Methods：A total of 32 psychiatric inpatients were studied. Patients were asked to wear a wrist actigraphy for three consecutive days and nights and to fill out a sleep log each morning. The severity of depression and anxiety was evaluated according to Beck Depression Inventory and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory on the first day of the study. The subjective level of satisfaction with quality of sleep was also evaluated according to visual analog scale. Nurses assessed sleep at one hour interval between 10:00 PM and 6:00 AM for three consecutive nights. Results：There was statistically significant difference of sleep latency between patient's sleep log and acti-graphic measurement. Nursing reports were more consistent with actigraphic measurement than sleep log. Interestingly, subjectively poor sleepers show no significant difference in sleep parameters compared with those of good sleepers. Subjectively poor sleepers report longer sleep latency than that of actigraphic assessment. The discrepancy between subjective and objective assessment of sleep latency was significantly correlated with scores of Beck Depression Inventory and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Conclusion：These results show that there are discrepancies between subjective and objective assessment of sleep. The discrepancy of sleep assessment could be influenced by severe depression and anxiety. Especially objective sleep measurement is needed to assess sleep in psychiatric inpatients with severe depression or anxiety and the subjectively poor sleepers for more reliable measurements.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.621-633
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of awareness and current performance level of self-directed learning (SDL) in nursing students. The core concepts were defined and a rubric was developed through literature review. It was applied later to subjects and the results were analyzed. According to the results, there were significant differences between the current performance level and the awareness level of SDL in all items. Students who chose nursing as a major due to their high school/SAT grades showed lower current performance level than others. There were insignificant differences in the current performance level influencing the next grade. The level of awareness showed insignificant differences according to the reason for selecting nursing as a major, satisfaction on major, and grade point average (GPA). In conclusion, there was a discrepancy between the level of awareness and the current performance level of SDL of nursing students, which indicates that they were aware of the necessity of SDL, but did not actually perform it. Nursing educators should seek for strategies that can improve SDL ability of their students as well as to better grasp the level of the SDL of their student and the current performance level of SDL to apply them to the instructional design.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.339-351
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• 2021

This study was designed to classify the parents' and their children's perception of contact frequency and to examine differences between career development competency and academic outcomes according to perceptional differences. Data of elementary school to high school students from the School Career Education Survey (2018) were used, and latent profile analysis (LPA) was utilized to explore the parents' and their children's perception of contact frequency. The perception of parents' and their children's contact frequency was classified into six groups in elementary and middle school and seven groups in high school. Career development competency (self-understanding and social competence, job understanding, career exploration, and career design and reparation) and academic outcomes (autonomous learning, motivation, and self-directed learning) of classified groups related to contact frequency significantly differed. In general, groups who reported a higher perception of contact frequency by children than parents showed higher vocational identity and better academic outcomes. This result implies that perceived contact frequency between parents and children can differ by school level, and its differences can be related to career development competency and academic outcomes of adolescents.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.70-77
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• 2021

Objectives: Our study aims to investigate the clinical and polysomnographic variables associated with subjective sleep perception. Methods: Among the patients who underwent nocturnal polysomnography (PSG) at the Center for Sleep and Chronobiology of Seoul National University Hospital from May 2018 to July 2019, 109 diagnosed with insomnia disorder based on DSM-5 were recruited for the study, and their medical records were retrospectively analyzed. Self-report questionnaires about clinical characteristics including Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), Beck depression inventory (BDI), and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) were completed. Subjective sleep quality was measured using variables of subjective total sleep time (subjective TST), subjective sleep onset latency (subjective SOL), subjective number of awakenings, morning feeling after awakening, and sleep discrepancy (subjective TST-objective TST) the morning after PSG. Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were used to determine the factors associated with subjective sleep perception. Results: In patients with insomnia, subjective TST was negatively correlated with Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO) (p = 0.001) and N1 sleep (p = 0.039) parameters on polysomnography. Also, it was negatively correlated with PSQI (p < 0.001) and BDI (p = 0.014) scores. Sleep discrepancy was negatively correlated with PSQI score (p = 0.018). Morning feeling was negatively correlated with PSQI (p = 0.019) and BDI (p < 0.001) scores. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that subjective sleep perception is associated with PSG variables (WASO and N1 sleep) and with PSQI and BDI scores. In clinical practice, it is helpful to assess and manage insomnia patients in consideration of objective sleep variables, subjective sleep quality, and depressed mood, which can influence subjective sleep perception.