• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.4588-4597
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• 2012

This study aimed to investigate pain, perceived exercise barriers, and related factors in arthritis patients. The study was conducted on 140 arthritis patients (89 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 51 osteoarthritis patients) who visited C University Hospital in Daejeon due to arthritis and agreed to participate in a survey. The self-administered survey was conducted from February 2011 to September 2011. The results are as follow. The perceived exercise barriers increased in both groups as the education level and monthly household income decreased. In the rheumatoid arthritis group, the pain became more intense as the self-rated health status became poorer while the perceived exercise barriers became more significant as the self-rated health status became poorer and the patients had other diseases besides arthritis. In the osteoarthritis group, the pain was greater as the duration of arthritis was longer and the self-rated health status became poorer. In both groups, the perceived exercise barriers became more significant as the exercise stage approached the pre-planning stage. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis showed that the most influential factor on pain in both groups was the 'very bad' self-rated health status. In the rheumatoid arthritis group, influential factors on the perceived exercise barriers were the exercise stage and the education level while for the osteoarthritis group, they were the exercise stage and the monthly household income. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the pain and perceived exercise barriers of arthritis patients were associated with various factors such as the education level, monthly household income, self-rated health status, and exercise stage, which suggests that these factors should be considered in the planning of exercise programs.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.552-560
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was designed to identify effects of self-esteem and health status on adaptation of elderly residents in facilities. Methods: The sample consisted of 151 elderly residents. The data collected from January to April 2010 were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. Using instruments were self-esteem scale (SES) (Rosenberg, 1965), Korean health status measure for the elderly (KoHSME) (Shin et al, 2002), and nursing home adaptation scale (Lee, 2007). Results: The mean scores of self-esteem ($2.90{\pm}0.71$), health status ($2.15{\pm}0.53$) and adaptation ($2.98{\pm}0.44$) of elderly residents in facilities were above the average. Self-esteem was significantly varied according to religion, economic status and living expenses. Health status was significantly different according to age, disease and motivation of getting into the facilities. Adaptation was significantly different according to religion, satisfaction of facilities and decision maker of getting into the facilities. Significant correlations were found between self-esteem, health status and adaptation. Self-esteem and health status were influencing factors of adaptation (22.6%). Conclusion: These findings indicate that perceived self-esteem and health status may be requirements for promoting adaptation of elderly residents in facilities. These results could be utilized in the development of supportive programs for elderly adaptation.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.318-331
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were to examine the relationships among health promoting lifestyle, stress. depression, and general characteristics and to reveal these variables affecting depression in college female students. The data were collected between November 29th and December 4th. 1999 by using self-administered questionnaire. Data analysis were conducted by using Peason's correlation. t-test, ANOVA. stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows : 1. Health promoting lifestyle was significantly different by religion, smoking. school record, perceived health status. satisfaction of school life, and department. 2. The mean score of stress was 2.28. the level of stress showed significant differences according to economic status, perceived health status, and satisfaction of school life. 3. The mean score of depression was 12.05. the level of depression showed significant differences according to religion, smoking, school record, economic status. perceived health status, satisfaction. of school life, and department. 4. The mean score of health promoting lifestyle was 2.43. both interpersonal relationship(M=2.96) and self-actualization(M=2.79) of the subscales of health promoting lifestyle revealed high scores, whereas the scores of health responsibility(M=2.07), and exercise (M=1.64) were below. 5. Negative correlations were observed between health promoting lifestyle and stress(r=-.21), between heath promoting lifestyle and depression(r=-38). Positive correlations were observed between stress and depression(r= .60). 6. Negative correlations were observed between self-actualization(r=-.29). nutrition Cr=-.17), and stress management(r=-.17) domains of health promoting lifestyle and stress. 7. Negative correlations were observed between self-actualization(r=-.47), nutrition (r=-.31), stress management(r=-.25), interpersonal relationship(r=-.23), health responsibility(r=-.13), and exercise(r=-.l1) domains of health promoting lifestyle and depression. 8. Depression was significantly predicted by stress$(36.2\%)$, health promoting lifestyle $(7.0\%)$. these variables explained $43.2\%$ of variance of depression.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.176-184
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate expectations regarding aging by middle-aged women in the community, and identify factors contributing to their expectations about aging. Methods: Participants in the survey for this study were 303 middle-aged women from community health centers and religious facilities in Seoul, Gyeonggi Province, and Chungcheongbuk Province. Data were collected from March 2 to April 17, 2012 using self-report structured questionnaires. The instruments were the Health Perceptions, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES), Family APGAR, Expectations Regarding Aging (ERA-12). The data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson correlation coefficients and hierarchical multiple regression with IBM SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. Results: Perceived health status (${\beta}$=0.16, p=.009) and self-esteem (${\beta}$=0.20, p=.001) of middle-aged women were identified as significant predictors of expectations regarding aging, after adjusting for age, education, occupation, monthly income and menstrual status. Conclusion: These results suggest that nurses should make an effort to improve expectations about aging among middle-aged women. Ultimately, community health programs for middle aged women need to be developed to achieve successful aging.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.275-284
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing self-identity and menopausal symptoms their influence on level of depression in middle-aged woman. Methods: Participants were 135 middle-aged women who were living in city B, were 45-60 years old, informed of study purpose, and agreed to participate. Data were collected from December, 2012 to January, 2013 using scales measuring depression, self-identity, and menopausal symptoms. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheff$\acute{e}$ test, Pearson Correlation Coefficients, and Multiple Stepwise Regression. Results: Level of depression was low, self-identity was slightly high, and menopausal symptoms were relatively low in these middle-aged women. There were significant differences in depression by perceived health status and perceived economic status. Depression had a moderate negative correlation with self-identity (r=-.49, p<.001) and a moderate positive correlation with menopausal symptoms (r=.57, p<.001). Menopausal psychological symptoms were the factor most affecting depression and explained 37% of the variance in depression. A total of 51% of variance in depression was explained by menopausal symptoms (psychological and physical), self-identity, and perceived economic status. Conclusion: Thus, an effort to improve self-identity, especially a plan to attenuate menopausal psychological symptoms is needed to reduce depression.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.475-483
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• 2006

Purpose: The goal of this study was to investigate the factors influencing health promoting behaviors in elderly individuals according to types of residency. Method: This was a descriptive study. The subjects were comprised of 243 elderly aged 65 years or over living in 3 large cities. The instruments used for this study were a health promoting lifestyle, perceived health status, geriatric depression short form scale-Korea, social support scale, and self-efficacy. The data was analyzed using SPSS Win 12.0. Result: Powerful predictors of a health promoting lifestyle were depression, self-efficacy, and perceived health status for the elderly living at home. In the cases of the elderly living in institutions, a powerful predictor of a health promoting lifestyle was identified as social support. Conclusion: For the operation of long-term care insurance, a service for home care programs is needed for the elderly living at home in order to reduce depression and to increase self-efficacy and perceived health status. In addition, social support provided by health-care professionals should be developed to promote a healthy lifestyle for the elderly living in institutional environments.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of study was to assess the health promoting lifestyle among hospital nurses and to investigate the relationships between the health promoting lifestyle, resourcefulness, and perceived health status. Methods: The subjects were 400 nurses working at three university hospitals. The data were collected by self-administered questionnaires from September 1st to September 30th, 2008. Results: The range of Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) was 71-185, the average score was 112.50, and the item mean was 2.16 (total 4). The range of resourcefulness was 9-50, and the average score was 16.56. The range of perceived health status was 4-13, and the averae score was 9.52. Health promoting lifestyle was showed significantly positive correlations with resourcefulness (r=.473, p<.001), and with perceived health status (r=.176, p<.001). The independent variables including resourcefulness, religion, working shift, sleeping hours, and exercise explained 58.6% of the variance of health promoting lifestyle. Especially, resourcefulness explained 53.2% of the variance of health promoting lifestyle. Conclusion: Resourcefulness was identified as the most important variable contributing to the performance of health promoting lifestyle.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.399-409
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• 2002

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data to develop a future health promotion program through the comparison of health promoting behavior and perceived health status between Koreans and Korean-Americans. Methods: The subjects of this study were 411 adults recruited from religious organizations located in the Yongnam area, Korea, and Chicago, U.S.A. The instruments used in the study were Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP) developed by Walker, Sechrist & Pender (1995), and the Health Self Rating Scale designed by North Illinois University. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, ANCOVA, ANOVA and Duncan test with the SPSS program. Results: 1) The mean HPLP score was 2.26 in Koreans and 2.43 in Korean-Americans, showing a significant difference between the two groups. 2) In subscales of HPLP, both groups showed the highest practices in 'interpersonal relationship' and the lowest practices in 'physical activity'. 3) The mean score of perceived health status was 2.26 in Koreans and 2.43 in Korean-Americans, showing a significant difference between the two groups. 4) Health promoting behavior was significantly different by family income in Koreans, but significantly different by age and family income in Korean-Americans. 5) Perceived health status was significantly different by family income and marital status, but significantly different by age, education, and family income. 6) The HPLP was not correlated with perceived health status in Koreans, but positively correlated with perceived health status in Korean-Americans. Conclusion: The study findings suggest a need to develop a health promotion program, in which physical activity and stress management for Koreans and Korean-Americans are emphasized, and cultural and environmental elements are considered, for better understanding of their health related issues.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.241-250
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of stress, perceived health status and Yangsaeng in Korean part-time college students. Yangsaeng is a traditional health care regimen that incorporates specific principles and methods to promote health and prevent illness, with the aim of improving the health and longevity of life. Method: The subjects of this study were 158 part-time college students in Korea. Data were collected by using a self-reported questionnaire on-line. Analysis of data included descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, t-test, ANOVA and Cronbach's $\alpha$. Result: Statistically significant differences were evident in stress according to age, spouse, job, and income. Statistically significant differences were evident in perceived health status according to gender and job. Statistically significant differences were evident in Yangsaeng according to age, job, and income. Yangsaeng positively related to perceived health status and negatively related to stress. Conclusion: The Yangsaeng oriental health care regimen could lower stress levels and maintain a good health perception. Therefore, Yangsaeng could be recommended as a means of health promotion in Korean part-time college students.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.35-49
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analyze variables associated with smoking and selected health behaviors. This study targeted adult men and women over 20 of age. The sample population was drawn from the national sample, and the samples were chosen from the telephone book. A total of 1,500 cases were collected through a telephone based interview survey. As a tool for this study, a structured questionnaire was developed. the variables included self-perceived health status, and selected 7 health behaviors; smoking behavior, physical activities, eating habit, weight control, alcohol consumption, stress management, and cancer exam. The healthy life practice actions of Trans-theoretical model have been classified into five stages. Smokers were more likely than non-smokers to positive attitudes toward smoking and the impact of smoking in this study. This means that smokers's awareness toward the impact of smoking is very week. Smoking behavior was significantly related to other health related behaviors based on the correlation analysis. However, gender, engaging in regular physical activities, moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages, and receiving a cancer examination were the variables that can explain and predict a person's stages of adopting a non-smoking behavior. Self perceived health status was closely related to other health behaviors. Gender, age, and monthly household income were important demographic variables that have significant relationship with the self-perceived health status. Among the health behaviors, regular physical activities and weight control were significant predictable variables. Similar results have been found in the National health and Nutrition examination survey in Korea. As a result of this study, it was found that among the selected health behaviors, engaging in physical activity was an important variable to increase positive sense of health and non-smoking behaviors. Educational and policy level input is needed to increase awareness and provide chances to participate in fitness activities. To those who maintain exercise, the environmental support and diffusion of knowledge information and education data should be strengthened. To change attitudes toward smoking, more in-dept awareness campaign and education should be provided according to people's different behavioral status. In addition, not only diffusing health education data and delivering knowledge information through related programs, but also environmental support system that helps an individual maintain his/her action is required. Such a support system means settlement of the health enhancement base of school, workplace and community should be carried out, and the policy level support and regular programs should be provided and spread to the unit of community.