• Title/Summary/Keyword: Self-Control Efficacy

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School-based nutrition education improves breakfast-related personal influences and behavior of Indonesian adolescents: a cluster randomized controlled study

  • Indriasari, Rahayu;Nadjamuddin, Ulfah;Arsyad, Dian Sidik;Iswarawanti, Dwi Nastiti
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • v.15 no.5
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    • pp.639-654
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    • 2021
  • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Many adolescents in developing countries skip breakfast. Innovative nutrition education (NE) strategies are needed to enhance knowledge and skills related to the breakfasts of adolescents in a low socioeconomic setting. The objective was to evaluate short- and long-term effects of a multi-strategy, school-based NE intervention on adolescents' breakfast-related personal influences and behaviors. SUBJECTS/METHODS: An intervention study with a cluster randomized controlled trial design was conducted in 4 senior high schools in Makassar, Indonesia. The multi-strategy NE intervention was delivered for 3 months. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and a 3-day breakfast recall (face-to-face interview). Wilcoxon, McNemar, and Mann-Whitney tests were used to determine intra- and intergroup differences. RESULTS: Unlike knowledge, improvement was observed in attitude and self-efficacy scores in the intervention groups (IGs) (P < 0.01); however, no significant changes were observed in the control group (CG). More students showed improved motivation in the IG than in the CG (P > 0.05). Changes in breakfast frequency and macronutrient intake from breakfast were greater in the IG than in the CG (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A multi-strategy NE intervention is effective in producing positive changes in breakfast-related attitude, self-efficacy, and motivation of adolescents from a low-middle socioeconomic setting. The intervention improved breakfast frequency and nutrient intake. This intervention has promise for sustaining the observed changes over the long-term.

The Effects of a Self-Compassion Program on Body Satisfaction, Body Shame, Self-Esteem and Subjective Well-Being among Female University Students with Negative Body Image (자기자비 증진 프로그램이 부정적인 신체상을 가진 여대생의 신체상 불만족, 신체 수치심, 자기존중감 및 주관적 웰빙에 미치는 영향)

  • Kwon, Ye Ji;Kim, Jung-Ho;Kim, Mirihae
    • Stress
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.296-304
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    • 2018
  • Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a Self-Compassion Program on body satisfaction, body shame, self-esteem and subjective well-being among female university students with negative body image. Methods: Study participants were composed of the top 35% of female college students on negative body image. The 25 participants were randomly assigned to either a treatment group (n=13) or a control group (n=12). The treatment group participated in weekly, 60-minute Self-Compassion Program sessions in a group format over a 6-week period. Results: Reports of body dissatisfaction and body shame decreased significantly more in the treatment group compared to the control group, while self-esteem, life satisfaction, and expected life satisfaction scores increased significantly more in the treatment group compared to the control group. There were no significant differences in positive affect and negative affect between groups at post treatment. The one-month follow-up results showed that the beneficial improvements were maintained. Conclusions: The findings support the efficacy of the Self-Compassion Program on body dissatisfaction, body shame and self-esteem.

The Effects of the Attractiveness of an Internet Shopping Mall and Flow on Affective Commitment

  • Kang, Sung-Ju;Kim, Jae-Yeong;Park, Young-Kyun
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.29-42
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    • 2011
  • With the many advantages of the internet, online shopping has become one of the fastest growing types of retail businesses. However, internet-based firms are much more firmly required to retain existing customers rather than secure new ones, and to make them revisit the site by strengthening trust and loyalty, thereby improving profits and outrivaling competitors. Commitment is an essential part of successful long-term relationships between buyers and sellers. Although commitments by both parties in an exchange can provide the foundation for the development of relational social norms, disproportionate commitments can lead to opportunism by the less committed partner. Moreover, flow, which is characterized by intense concentration and enjoyment, was found to be significantly linked with exploratory use behavior, which in turn was linked to the extent of computer use. The level of flow was, itself, determined by the individual's sense of being in control, and the level of challenge perceived in maneuvering a website. Website attractiveness goes hand in hand with the attractiveness of an internet shopping mall, and it can be conceptualized as the persuasive effectiveness of a message by the use of familiarity, favor, similarity, etc. It occurs when information receivers try to achieve self-satisfaction when they actually or emotionally identify themselves with an information source. This study investigates the relationship between the perceived system characteristics of an internet shopping mall and the loyalty of online consumers, and it examines how perceived website attractiveness and flow play mediating roles between the perceived system characteristics of an internet shopping mall and the affective commitment in the context of a clothes internet shopping mall. For these purposes, a structural model comprising several variables was developed. That model was tested with an analysis of moment structure (AMOS) using data from respondents who had purchased clothing through the internet during the past three months. In this model, the perceived system characteristics of an internet shopping mall, such as familiarity, reputation, uniqueness, positive emotions, self-efficacy, and interactivity, were proposed to affect the website's attractiveness and flow, and lead to a higher affective commitment over time. Thus, the perceived website attractiveness and flow were proposed as core mediating variables between perceived system characteristics and affective commitment. The results of a reliability test using Cronbach's Alpha, and a confirmatory factor analysis warranted using unidimensionality for the measures for each construct. In addition, the nomological validity of the measures was warranted from the results of a correlation analysis. The results of empirical analyses indicated that systematic attributes resulting in website attractiveness and user's characteristics, thereby triggering customers' flow, play a crucial role in inducing customers' affective commitment, and a user's characteristics are twice as important as systematic attributes in this study. Moreover, familiarity, reputation, and uniqueness all have a significant effect on website attractiveness, and the research showed that uniqueness took the first place, and that familiarity and reputation followed in order of magnitude. The fact that reputation was not the most important factor that affects the attractiveness of an internet shopping mall, with uniqueness or familiarity having a greater impact, suggests much deeper implications. Finally, positive emotion, self-efficacy, and interactivity all have a significant effect on customers' flow. In particular, the fact that positive emotion, compared to self-efficacy or interactivity, has much more impact on flow is very suggestive.

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Effects of the Mother's about Amblyopia Occlusion Therapy (약시아동 어머니의 가림치료 교육의 효과)

  • Han, Seung-Hee
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.17 no.8
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    • pp.369-378
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of mother's education about amblyopia occlusion therapy on parenting stress and efficacy and the visual acuity improvement of the amblyopia child. The study was designed as a nonequivalent control group pretest posttest quasi-experimental study. The mothers with amblyopia children who signed the consent form were assigned to one of two groups, the experimental group (29) and control group (31). The data were collected from March 5 to October 5, 2010, at G university hospital outpatient department located in G city. The subjects in the experimental group participated in the Mothers Education about Amblyopia Occlusion Therapy for 24 weeks, which included face to face consultations, telephone counseling, etc.. The degree of parenting stress and efficacy were measured by using questionnaires and the visual acuity was measured by visual examination. The data were analyzed using the ${\chi}^2-test$, Fisher's exact probability test, t-test and Repeated Measure ANOVA using SPSS PC+20.0 for Windows. The following results were found after the therapy. The experimental group had statistically significantly higher visual acuity (Rt, F=40.64, p<.001, Lt, F=10.28, p<.001), lower parenting stress scores (F=9.85, p=.003) and higher parenting efficacy scores (F=22.19, p<.001) than the control group. In conclusion, the Mothers about Amblyopia. Occlusion Therapy Education Program was effective in improving the visual acuity of the amblyopia children, and decreasing the parenting stress and enhancing the parenting efficacy of their parents.

Turkish Female Academician Self-Esteem and Health Beliefs for Breast Cancer Screening

  • Avci, Ilknur Aydin;Kumcagiz, Hatice;Altinel, Busra;Caloglu, Ayse
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.155-160
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    • 2014
  • Purpose: This study aimed to analyse female academician health beliefs for breast cancer screening and levels of self-esteem. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2010 and March 2011, covering female academicians working in all faculties and vocational schools at Ondokuz Mayis University, except for the ones in the field of health (n=141). Data was collected using a questionnaire developed by researchers in the light of the related literature, the Champion's Health Belief Model Scale for Breast Cancer, and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory. Descriptive statistics, the t-test, Mann-Whitney U and correlation analysis were used to analyze the data with the SPSS 13.0 statistical package. Results: 53.8% of the participants were single, 58.6% did not have children, 80.7% had regular menstrual cycles, 28.3% was taking birth control pills, 17.9% were undergoing hormone therapy, 11% suffered breast problems, 8.3% had relatives with breast cancer, 78,6% knew about breast self-examination (BSE), 68.3% was performing BSE, 16.2% were performing BSE monthly, 17.9% had had mammograms, and 30.3% had undergone breast examinations conductedby physicians. The women who had breast physical examinations done by physicians had higher susceptibility, self-efficacy and health motivation, and fewer barriers to mammography than those who did not have breast physical examinations. Conclusions: There was a relationship between the female academician self-esteem and their perceived seriousness of breast cancer, perceived barriers to BSE and health motivation. Our Turksih female academicians had medium levels of self-esteem.

Effects of Change Agent\`s Positive Self Image and Risk Tolerance on Change Acceptance and Work Adaptation (변화대응 및 업무적응에 대한 긍정적 자기관과 모험 수용성의 영향)

  • 이주일;이경옥
    • Proceedings of the Korean Association for Survey Research Conference
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    • 2000.06a
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    • pp.59-87
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    • 2000
  • The hypothesis of this study is that change acceptance and work adaptation of change agents are influenced by positive self-image and risk tolerance. In order to examine the hypothesis, this study was performed with 305 change agents from six branches of a conglomerate company. Specifically, self-image was measured by locus of control, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and positive affectivity; risk tolerance was measured by tolerance for ambiguity, risk aversion, and openness to experience. The result of this study indicated that self-image and risk tolerance significantly predicted change acceptance and work adaptation. Especially, the results of structural model revealed that change acceptance mediated the relationship between characteristic variables (such as self image and risk tolerance in this study) and work adaptation. Based on the results, we suggest that change agents keep developing positive self-image and risk tolerance in order to play the key role in leading organizational change.

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Effects of Change Agent's Positive Self Image and Risk Tolerance on Change Acceptance and Work Adaptation (변화대응 및 업무적응에 대한 긍정적 자기관과 모험 수용성의 영향)

  • Lee, Ju-Il;Lee, Kyung-Ok
    • Survey Research
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.59-87
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    • 2000
  • The hypothesis of this study is that change acceptance and work adaptation of change agents are influenced by positive self-image and risk tolerance. In order to examine the hypothesis, this study was performed with 305 change agents from six branches of a conglomerate company. Specifically, self-image was measured by locus of control, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and positive affectivity; risk tolerance was measured by tolerance for ambiguity, risk aversion, and openness to experience. The result of this study indicated that self-image and risk tolerance significantly predicted change acceptance and work adaptation. Especially, the results of structural model revealed that change acceptance mediated the relationship between characteristic variables (such as self image and risk tolerance in this study) and work adaptation. Based on the results, we suggest that change agents keep developing positive self-image and risk tolerance in order to play the key role in leading organizational change.

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Stages of Change, Processes of Change, and Decisional Balance for Weight Control Associated with Body Mass Index in Female Adolescents (여자 청소년의 체질량지수에 따른 체중조절행위 변화단계, 변화과정과 의사결정균형 비교)

  • Chae, Sun-Mi
    • Perspectives in Nursing Science
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare variables related to weight control between normal weight and overweight/obese female adolescents. Methods: This study is a supplementary analysis using a total of 293 female adolescents in Seoul. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires on the topics of stages of change, processes of change, and the decisional balance pertaining to weight control. Body weight and height were also measured. Results: There was a significant difference in the stages of change between the normal weight and overweight/obese groups. Of 12 processes of change, 9 processes were significantly higher in the overweight/obese group than in the normal weight groups. Also, female adolescents who were overweight or obese had significantly higher pros and eating efficacy scores comparing to those in the normal weight group. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that overweight/obese female adolescents, especially those in the action stage need supports to continue their weight control behaviors. In addition, a weight control program for female adolescents should emphasize their participation in physical activities in addition to their dietary control efforts.

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A Study of Aerobic Workout on Health Promotion in Young Women (에어로빅 체조가 젊은 여성의 건강 증진에 미치는 효과)

  • Kim Sook-Jung
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.412-423
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    • 2002
  • Currently, health promotion is an important issue in health policy for world citizens. Aerobic workout may be one way to attain health promotion. In recent years, there ave been many studies to evaluate the effects of exercise on obese people and various patients. However, there are few studies in which both physiological and psycho-perceptual aspects of health romotion for healthy people have been evaluated. Purpose: This study focused on evaluating the holistic effect of an 8 week aerobic workout for health promotion in young women. Method: This quasi-experimental study was designed as a nonequivalent control group pre-post test study. Forty healthy college women, aged between 20 and 25 volunteered for the study. Twenty women took 30 minutes of exercise a day for five days a week over 8 weeks with Jane Fonda's aerobic workout program. Twenty women participated as controls. The aerobic workout program consisted of warm-up for arms, waist, abdominal, leg, hips, buttocks and cool down exercises. Result: After the eight weeks of aerobic exercise, changes in health related fitness components through the In Body Test, skin fold, circumference of body, Body image, Self concept, Mood and Self-efficacy were compared. The results areas follows ; 1. Following the 8 week aerobic workout, health related body components, and fitness scores, increased significantly (P < 0.05) and skin fold for four sites (right upper arm, scapular, abdomen, supra ilium), and circumference of mid thigh decreased significantly (P<0.05, p<0.005, P<0.001) compared to the control group. 2. Following the 8 week aerobic workout, there was a significant increase in Self-concept and Mood (P<0.005 and 0.001) compared to the control group. Conclusion: According to these results, it is concluded that 8 weeks of aerobic workout have a positive effect on young women's holistic health promotion.

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Effects of Breast Self-Examination Consultation Based on the Health Belief Model on Knowledge and Performance of Iranian Women Aged Over 40 Years

  • Parsa, Parisa;Mirmohammadi, Ameneh;Khodakarami, Batoul;Roshanaiee, Godratalah;Soltani, Farzaneh
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.17 no.8
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    • pp.3849-3854
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    • 2016
  • Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy in women worldwide; lack of awareness of symptoms and delay on diagnosis of breast cancer are the main causes of mortality among women. This study was conducted with the purpose of assessing the effect of educational consulting for breast self-examination (BSE) based on the health belief model (HBM) on the knowledge and performance of women over 40 years attending health care centers in Hamadan, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, eligible women admitted to health centers in Hamadan city in 2015 were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups (n=75 in each group). The intervention group received 4 weekly sessions of breast cancer screening consulting based on the HBM. Control group received only routine care. Knowledge, HBM constructs, and BSE practice were compared between the groups before, immediately after and three months after the consultation. Results: Before the intervention, no significant differences were observed in knowledge, health belief and practice between two groups. However, after the intervention a significant difference was observed between two groups in mean scores of perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy and the health motivations (p <0.05). Significant differences were also observed in terms of knowledge and BSE practice (p <0.01). Conclusions: The results indicate the importance of consultation on knowledge and beliefs to improve BSE performance and prevention of breast cancer in Iranian women.