• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.21-25
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• 2014

In order to develop 2nd generation (2G) high-temperature superconducting (HTS) wires as commercial products, it is necessary to perform a high speed investigation of their superconducting performance. Room-temperature and non-contact optical scanning tools are necessary to verify the microstructure of the superconducting materials, the current flow below the critical temperature, and the critical current density. In this paper, we report our results of an inspection of the electrical transport properties of coated conductors. The samples that we used in our study were highly qualified rare-earth based coated conductors produced via co-evaporation, and $SmBa_2Cu_3O_{7-y}$ (SmBCO) was the superconducting materials used in our studies. A film grown on IBAD-MgO templates shows larger than 400 A/cm at 77 K and a self-field. The local transport properties of the films were investigated by room-temperature imaging by thermal heating. The room-temperature images show structural inhomogeneities on the surface of the films. Bolometric response imaging via low-temperature bolometric microscopy was used to construct the local current mapping at the surface. These results indicate that the non-uniform regions on the surface disturb the current flow, and laser scanning images at room-temperature and at a low-temperature suggest a correlation between the structural properties and transport properties. Thus this method can be effective to evaluate the quality of the coated conductors.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify sexual violence, sexual knowledge of elementary school high grade students and develop the sexual violence protect promotion program. Method: The subjects of the study were 365 elementary school high-grade students in Daegu, Gyeongbook. The instruments used in this study were sexual violence(8items) by Yom et al.(2001) and sexual knowledge (20items) by Ha(2000). The data were collected between November 26 and December 1, 2001 by using a self-administered questionnaire. Analysis of data was done by using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient. t-test, A-NOVA and Duncan test with SPSS program. Result: 1) 78.4% of the subjects were educated for sexual knowledge. Source of knowledge for sex-related knowledge is the most teachers. 2) 50.9% of the subjects were educated for sexual violence. Source of knowledge for sexual violence is the most teachers. 3) 18.4% subjects experience sexual harassment. 8.8% of the subjects experienced serious sexual contact and 2.1% of the subjects were raped. 4) The average score of sex related knowledge was 8.93. The average score of misconception related sexual violence was 2.30. 5) Misconception of sexual violence was correlated with such demographic variables as grade(F=4.788, p=0.009), sex(t=2.971 p=0.003), region(t=3.614, p=0.000), father's education level(F=3.170, p=0.014), mother's education level(F=2.528, p=0.041), family income(F=5.577 p=0.004) 6) In the correlation between the scores of sex-related knowledge, misconception related sexual violence was a negative correlation. Conclusion: According to this study, it is needed to develop the program about sexual violence education for elementary school high-grade students.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 2018

Most banks use only demographic information such as gender, age, occupation and address to segment customers, but they do not reflect financial behavior patterns of customers. In this study, we aim to solve the problems by using various big data in a bank and to develop customer segmentation method which can be widely used in many banks in the future. In this paper, we propose an approach of segmenting clustering blocks with bottom-up method. This method has an advantage that it can accurately reflect various financial needs of customers based on various transaction patterns, channel contact patterns, and existing demographic information. Based on this, we will develop various marketing models such as product recommendation, financial need rating calculation, and customer churn-out prediction based on this, and we will adapt this models for the marketing strategy of NH Bank.

• 모자간호학회지
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.80-90
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• 1994

Concept analysis is a strategy that examines the attributes or characteristics of a concept. It is a formal linguistic exercise to determine those defining attributes. The basic purpose of concept analysis is to clarify ambiguous concepts in theory, and to propose a precise operational definition which reflects the theoretical base of the concept. The concept of maternal role is too broad and variable in expression, therefore there has been no authentic definition nor standard opinion for this concept. The purpose of this study is to clarify the concept of maternal role which in turn will help in the development of a theory of maternal role attainment. In order to analyze the concept of maternal role, much effort was extended to look up "maternal role" in various dictionaries and literature, but only a few cases were found which listed this terminology. Consultation on the meaning of "mother" and "role" separately was then done and consequently a definition of "maternal role" was obtained through concept analysis of these two words independently, finding their attributes and unifying them. The attributes of the concept of maternal role which was analyzed based on the steps of concept analysis by Walker & Avant (1988) are : 1) Women who have pregnancies 2) Women who have a child 3) Women who rear a child 4) Expected behavior according to social status 5) Learning through social cultures 6) Social interrelationships. The antecedents of the maternal role are : 1) women who are pregnant and deliver a baby, must keep in contact with their child. 2) Circumstances for childrearing must be provided. 3) Formation of self-concept as mother should be developed, cognitive activity, which is necessary for the nurturing activity, financial support and preparation of childrearing should be provided. And the consequences of the maternal role are : 1) Improvement 2) Changeability 3) Ambiguity 4) Stability Through this concept analysis, the concept of the maternal role is defined as "expected behavior by social interrelationships and learned nurturing behavior through social cultures."

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the parenting of mothers with infants and preschoolers in an effort to determine types of parenting. Methods: The 32 participating mothers were interviewed and from the content of the interviews, their parenting was analyzed. Statements were categorized and analyzed according to the selected procedure. Results: The parenting of mothers was classified into positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement, including 55 significant statements and 14 categories. Positive reinforcement was categorized as frequent skin contact, giving pleasure, spending a lot of time with children, improving children's self-esteem, being sensitive to children's needs, realistic discipline, developing independence, listening to children, and understanding and respecting children's feelings. Negative reinforcement was categorized as overprotection, inconsistent attitude, negligence, negative educational behavior, and emphasis on obedience. Conclusion: These results suggest that systematic education should be provided for mothers to increase their ability to provide good parenting. It is expected that the findings of this study would be useful in the development of efficient educational programs.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.247-255
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• 1973

The self supported film specimen of Wyoming montmorillonite as a layer silicate saturated by cations,$Li^{+},\;Na^{+},\;K^{+},\;Ca^{2+},\;Ni^{2+},\;Al^{3+}$and$F^{3+}$ were allowed to contact acetone, methyl-ethyl ketone and diethyl ketone within the heatable gas cell. The i.r. spectra between $4000{\sim}1200cm^{-1}$ at different pressures of adsorbates indicated bond formation through carbonyl oxygen. Two types of carbonyl bond shift with maxima at $1713cm^{-1}$ and $1690cm^{-1}$ are attributed as coordinate bond formation of carbonyl with either surface hydroxyl or cationic hydroxyl group. The intensity of the vOH was analyzed and resonance form of cationic hydroxyl was proposed as an adsorption site. The tendency to form coordinate bond was in good agreement with calculated formal charge of carbonyl oxygen in an increasing order, acetone < methyl-ethyl ketone < diethyl ketone. As an additional mechanism of adsorption, weak hydrogen bonding of methyl hydrogen with surface oxygen was observed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.220-224
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• 2004

Objectives : To investigate the sexual behavioral characteristics and HIV/AIDS knowledge among men who have sex with men(MSM), one of the HIV high risk groups. Methods : A three month survey among individuals who were able to be contacted was carried out over the entire Republic of Korea, between May and August, 2001. 348 individuals completed a self-administered question-naire. The data collected included demographic informa-tion, sexual behavior and AIDS knowledge. Results : Eighty-seven and ninety-two per cent of the 348 MSM were aged 20-39 years and had never been married, respectively. Fifty-five per cent of participants reported at least one sexual contact with women, and a quarter of the MSM surveyed had engaged in high-risk sexual behavior (more than 6 partners) during the previous year. About twenty per cent of the MSM had anal sex as their favorite way of having sex, and seventy-four per cent did not use condoms regularly due to loss of enjoyment, and were more likely to be engaged in risky behaviors. Only ten per cent had a regular HIV test history, and most had obtained knowledge or information on HIV/AIDS through the mass media. Conclusions : A large proportion of the MSM in Korea still remain at an elevated risk for contracting HIV infection. Change in high-risk sexual behaviors will prevent the spread of HIV infection among the MSM population, which requires public health education for preventive interventions, and should be culturally and socially specific in order to be effective.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.47-55
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• 2013

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to investigate the optimal joint positions which can minimize distresses of concrete pavement containing box culvert with horizontally skewed angles. METHODS : The concrete pavement containing the box culvert with different skewed angles and soil cover depths was modeled by 3 dimensional finite element method. The contact boundary condition was used between concrete and soil structures in addition to the nonlinear material property of soil in the finite element model. A dynamic analysis was performed by applying the self weight of pavement, negative temperature gradient of slab, and moving vehicle load simultaneously. RESULTS : In case of zero skewed angle ($0^{\circ}$), the maximum tensile stress of slab was the lowest when the joint was positioned directly over side of box culvert. In case there was a skewed angle, the maximum tensile stress of slab was the lowest when the joint passed the intersection between side of the box culvert and longitudinal centerline of slab. The magnitude of the maximum tensile stress converged to a constant value regardless the joint position from 3m of soil cover depth at all of the horizontally skewed angles. CONCLUSIONS : More reasonable and accurate design of the concrete pavement containing the box culvert can be possible based on the research results.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2010

Objectives : Indirect contact with trauma may occur when a person empathically listens to detailed descriptions, exposing the person to intense emotional pain from trauma victims. Although less severe than direct trauma, indirectly traumatized persons may experience the same fear, rage, and despair as direct trauma victims. This phenomenon has been variously termed vicarious trauma, traumatic countertransference, burnout, compassion fatigue, and secondary traumatic stress. Using a psychiatric symptoms questionnaires, this study investigated the effects of indirect exposure to co-worker's trauma on the mental health of firefighters who had not directly experienced traumatic events in the previous year. Methods : We administered self-report questionnaires, such as the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IESR) and Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), to firefighters working at two fire stations in a metropolitan city. We analyzed 188 of 232 collected surveys, after excluding falsely entered data (28 cases) and questionnaires by directly-traumatized victims (16 cases). Results : Alcohol consumption and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, as determined by the AUDIT and IES-R, were significantly higher in the indirectly-traumatized group. The ratio of high-risk members scoring higher than 23 in IES-R was larger in the indirectly traumatized group, although this was not statistically significant. Conclusion : Alcohol consumption was significantly higher in the indirectly traumatized group. This group also included more members at high risk for PTSD. Further research, with a larger group of indirectly traumatized firefighters and ongoing investigation of PTSD development and other psychiatric symptoms, is needed.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.474-481
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• 2018

We propose a polarization phase-shifting technique to investigate the thickness of $Ta_2O_5$ thin films deposited on BK7 substrates, using a modified Sagnac interferometer. Incident light is split by a polarizing beam splitter into two orthogonal linearly polarized beams traveling in opposite directions, and a quarter-wave plate is inserted into the common path to create an unbalanced phase condition. The linearly polarized light beams are transformed into two circularly polarized beams by transmission through a quarter-wave plate placed at the output of the interferometer. The proposed setup, therefore, yields rotating polarized light that can be used to extract a relative phase via the self-reference system. A thin-film sample inserted into the cyclic path modifies the output signal, in terms of the phase retardation. This technique utilizes three phase-shifted intensities to evaluate the phase retardation via simple signal processing, without manual adjustment of the output polarizer, which subsequently allows the thin film's thickness to be determined. Experimental results show that the thicknesses obtained from the proposed setup are in good agreement with those acquired by a field-emission scanning electron microscope and a spectroscopic ellipsometer. Thus, the proposed interferometric arrangement can be utilized reliably for non-contact thickness measurements of transparent thin films and characterization of optical devices.