• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2000

Agricultural extension services in Korea began in 1956, and led self sufficiency of rice through the 'Green Revolution' in 1970's, and a year around supply of green vegetables through the 'White/Vinyl Revolution' in 1980s. The developmental stages of agricultural extension services in Korea, in terms of major purposes, observed by the researcher were as follows; 1) Stage of production guidance when increase in production was directly related to increased income of farmers, 2) Stage of management guidance, when agricultural extension were not only concerned in increasing production, but also in management and marketing, and 3) Stage of improved welfare, when extension services put more emphasis on welfare of farmers in terms of quality of life, as well as increased production, management and marketing. Since late 1980s, farmers in Korea realized the fact that increased production may not lead to increased income. because of this, farmers also wanted improvement of management and marketing. Extension changed the identified needs of farmers to new knowledge, information, and technology in their farm business operation including management and marketing. Loosened cooperations among the central, provincial and local levels after localization of extension services since January 1997 should be strengthened. Provincial level monitoring and supervising should be enhanced for more effective agricultural extension services to meet the changing needs of farmers in the future.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.17-31
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• 2020

The concept of municipal police is in contrast to the national police, which is in charge of the overall people. With increased localization, the need for a municipal police system is emphasized in each region. This study is intended to analyze the role of municipal police uniform considering the change in security from the national to the local level based on the introduction of municipal police system. The study investigators developed the concept of centralized national police system and decentralized self-governing municipal police system based on a literature review and Internet research. The investigators analyzed the design of municipal police uniform by reviewing the systems in several other countries. The results revealed specific formative features of municipal police uniform such as representative ambivalence, expression of visual language, manifest visibility, and reflection of regional characteristics. The municipal police uniform is adapted to changes in local government requiring a shift of awareness on to municipal police compared with the existing national police. The creation of a municipal police uniform enhances the efficiency of work by projecting a resident-friendly image, social support and cooperation, which play a huge role in illustrating the exemplary service to promote a stable and peaceful society locally.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2014

Cytokeratin 19 (CK19) expressed in epidermis of skin, bulge region of hair follicle, outermost layer of outer root sheath and proximal and distal to bulge. Vimentin is a fibrous protein that localized in cytoplasm of fibroblast and forms cytoskeleton to maintain shape of cell and nucleus. In this study, CK19 and vimentin in skin were confirmed with light, fluorescence and transmission electron microscope. As a result, CK19 was localized epidermis, hair follicles, outer root sheath and nucleus of Merkel's cell. However, vimentin was localized some epidermis, dermis, hypodermis and nucleus of Merkel's cell. The role of CK19 is self-renewal and homeostasis in skin. Also, hair follicle regeneration and hair growth is known to be related. It is supposed that required of structural proteins that make up cytoskeleton is increased. Thereby, expression of CK19 is increased. It is considered that vimentin localized in order to stabilize structure of cell and cytoskeleton of fibroblasts. Also, CK19 and vimentin present in nuclei of Merkel's cell, and to act as a fibrous protein that make up end of a nerve fiber present in Merkel's cell and paracrine function of Merkel's cell.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2012

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the teleost hypothalamus contains a central circadian pacemaker, which adjusts circadian rhythms within the body to environmental light-dark cycles. It has been shown that exposure to darkness during the day causes phase shifts in circadian rhythms. In this study, we examined the effect of exposure to darkness on the mRNA expression levels of two circadian clock genes, namely, $Period2$ ($Per2$) and $Cryptochrome1$ ($Cry1$), and the rate-limiting enzyme in melatonin synthesis, arylalkylamine $N$-acetyltransferase-2 (Aanat2), in the pineal gland of olive flounder, $Paralichthys$ $olivaceus$. The expression of these genes showed circadian variations and was significantly higher during the dark phase. These changes may be involved in the mechanism of dark-induced phase shifts. Furthermore, this study suggests that olive flounder may be a teleost model to investigate the localization and function of circadian oscillators.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2005

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is an autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by expansion of the polyglutamine tract in the SCA1 gene product, ataxin-1. Using d2EGFP, a short-lived enhanced green fluorescent protein, we investigated whether polyglutamine-expanded ataxin-1 affects the function of the proteasome, a cellular multicatalytic protease that degrades most misfolded proteins and regulatory proteins. In Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence experiments, d2EGFP was less degraded in HEK 293T cells transfected with ataxin-1(82Q) than in cells transfected with lacZ or empty vector controls. To test whether the stability of the d2EGFP protein was due to aggregation of ataxin-1, we constructed a plasmid carrying $ataxin-1-{\Delta}114$, lacking the self-association region (SAR), and examined degradation of the d2EGFP. Both the level of $ataxin-1-{\Delta}114$ aggregates and the amount of d2EGFP were drastically reduced in cells containing $ataxin-1-{\Delta}114$. Furthermore, d2EGFP localization experiments showed that polyglutamine-expanded ataxin-1 inhibited the general function of the proteasome activity. Taken together, these results demonstrate that polyglutamine-expanded ataxin-1 decreases the activity of the proteasome, implying that a disturbance in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is directly involved in the development of spinocerebellar ataxia type1.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.603-616
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• 2021

Over the last few years, autonomous vehicles have progressed very rapidly. The odometry technique that estimates displacement from consecutive sensor inputs is an essential technique for autonomous driving. In this article, we propose a fast, robust, and accurate odometry technique. The proposed technique is light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-based direct odometry, which uses a spherical range image (SRI) that projects a three-dimensional point cloud onto a two-dimensional spherical image plane. Direct odometry is developed in a vision-based method, and a fast execution speed can be expected. However, applying LiDAR data is difficult because of the sparsity. To solve this problem, we propose an SRI generation method and mathematical analysis, two key point sampling methods using SRI to increase precision and robustness, and a fast optimization method. The proposed technique was tested with the KITTI dataset and real environments. Evaluation results yielded a translation error of 0.69%, a rotation error of 0.0031°/m in the KITTI training dataset, and an execution time of 17 ms. The results demonstrated high precision comparable with state-of-the-art and remarkably higher speed than conventional techniques.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.359-365
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• 2022

Scholars are paying increasingly close attention to brain research and the creation of biological neural networks, artificial neural networks, artificial intelligence, neurochips, brain-computer interfaces, prostheses, new research instruments and methods, methods of treatment, as well as the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases based on these data. The authors of the study propose their hypothesis on the understanding of the phenomenon of consciousness that answers questions concerning the criteria of consciousness, its localization, and principles of operation. In the study of the hard problem of consciousness, the philosophical and scientific categories of consciousness, and prominent hypotheses and theories of consciousness, the authors distinguish "the area of the conscious mind", which encompasses several states of consciousness united by the phenomenon of integrated consciousness. According to the authors, consciousness is a kind of executor of the phenomenological idea of the "chalice", so the search for it should be conducted deeper than the processes in the power of thought consciousness and transconsciousness, to which integrated consciousness can act as a lever. However, integrated consciousness may have the capacity to transcend into lower states of consciousness, which requires further study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.25 no.4_2
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• pp.541-547
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• 2022

Before making a prototype, we predicted the inlet/outlet differential pressure and flow coefficient, which are the most basic design data for the valve through the design and numerical analysis of the trim, which is the most important in the localization development of the 1500Ib high differential pressure control valve used for boiler feed water. As a result, the design value and the analysis value were found to be about 98% similar. The flow field within the fluid velocity of 23m/s to prevent cavitation was also found. The result of the numerical analysis on thermal stress due to the characteristics of valves exposed to high temperatures showed that it was found to be about 18% less than the allowable stress of the bolt fixing the trim. When all loads such as pressure, self-weight, and vibration are applied, however, it is judged to go beyond the currently calculated thermal stress, exceeding the allowable stress.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.230-237
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• 2023

Self-driving is a key technology of the fourth industry and can be applied to various places such as cars, drones, cars, and robots. Among them, localiztion is one of the key technologies for implementing autonomous driving as a technology that identifies the location of objects or users using GPS, sensors, and maps. Locilization can be made using GPS or LIDAR, but it is very expensive and heavy equipment must be mounted, and precise location estimation is difficult for places with radio interference such as underground or tunnels. In this paper, to compensate for this, we proposes an image retrieval using attention module and image segmentation maps using color images acquired with low-cost vision cameras as an input.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.597-606
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate perceptions and globalization of Korean food among university students with food related majors. Self-administer questionnaires were completed by 386 students, and data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and regression analysis. The students in food-related majors had positive perceptions of Korean food. They had perceptions of Korean foods as 'fermented foods', 'seasonal foods', and 'medical foods' and have 'various spices'. Most students agreed that Korean foods need to be 'creatively transformed' and 'localized' in order to globalize successfully. Localization, fusion and creative transformation of Korean food are more important than simple adherence to traditional Korean food. There were statistically significant differences in perception between students in different majors. Students majoring in traditional Korean cuisine showed a more positive perception and attitude toward globalization of Korean food.