• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.813-838
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• 2011

Toni Morrison's ninth novel A Mercy delves into the colonial American history of the seventeenth century when Europeans began to migrate to the New World and when the first slaves were brought to Virginia. Morrison presents a diverse group of people such as white Europeans, an American Indian, a free black man, indentured servants, and slaves from Africa in order to explore the subjects of ownership, freedom and racism. She emphasizes the fact that most of the Europeans who came to America in the early seventeenth century were the people who were thrown out from the society such as felons, prostitutes, servants and children. By portraying how these castaways tried to settle in a new environment surrounded by unknown dangers and challenges, Morrison demystifies and reconstructs the myth of the birth of America as a nation state. In continuation of Morrison's writings about love and the betrayal of love, her novel A Mercy explores the subjects of trauma, memory and subjectivity by choosing the topic of motherly love and its betrayal which she dealt with poignantly in Beloved. The female protagonist, Florens, is given away by her mother in partial payment of debt incurred by the owner of Florens's mother. The traumatic memory of Florens's separation from her mother shapes Florence's character. She has to revisit the site of the original traumatic experiences of being given up by her mother in order to reconstruct her fragmented memory and past. The recurring dream of the traumatic incident that takes hold of Florens can be explained by the trauma theory of Freud, Cathy Caruth, Suzette Henke, and Judith Herman. The paper explores the self journey of Florens in which she faces the traumatic past and comprehends its meaning which enables her to construct her subjectivity by understanding the true meaning of being free and of owning oneself. In particular, it demonstrates how the process of writing a confession, a story about one's history, enables one to reclaim the traumatic experience and to locate it in the narrative memory.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.165-186
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• 2011

Relative effects of single-parent family(single-mother vs. single-father) and interparental conflict(high vs. low) on children's mental health(depression, anxiety, emotional regulation, self-seteem, level of distress and satisfaction with life) was examined for the sample of elementary school students of the Korea Youth Panel Survey. The major findings of the study were as follows; (1) parental conflict has had more damaging effects on children's mental health than those of single-parent families. (2) Parents in high conflict families had most negative parenting behaviors. (3) Controlled for other variables including parenting behaviors, parental conflict had no longer negative effects on children's mental health Implications of results for theory, research, and policy are discussed.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.117-132
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• 2013

Recent developments in embodied cognition suggest that people process environmental information by using their bodily state and mental simulation. The focus of embodiment theory is that cognitive processing is based on the interaction among the body, the mind, and the world. Based on embodied theories of cognition, the authors predict that when the representation of marathon running is activated, bodily feedback such as tiredness and thirst will occur because mental simulation of marathon running contains sensorimotor representation of marathon running. As a result, it is predicted that participants primed with marathon runner will have more desire to have products that enable thirsty-quenching. Specifically, this research proposes that consumers' tendency to adopt the perspective of others influences embodied cognition, since perspective taking leads people to assimilate their own self-judgments and behaviors toward the cognitive representations of others. An experiment reveals that both perceptual and cognitive perspective taking tendencies moderate how participants respond to the contextual cues. The effect of perspective taking is moderated by whether participants are prompted to adopt a first-person view or a third-person view. In detail, among the high perspective takers, those in the marathon-first-person condition drink more the mineral water than those in the marathon-third-person condition, who in turn drink more the mineral water than those in the control condition. Among the low perceptual perspective takers, however, there are no significant differences in the amount of mineral water intake. This research delivers important insights for advertising messages. When being exposed to an advertisement, high perspective taking consumers may be more engaged in the advertised message than low perspective taking consumers, which in turn high (vs. low) perspective taking consumers' tendency to respond behaviorally consistent with the message may be higher. Based on the findings of this research, if the message induces the high perspective taking consumers to have a first- (vs. third-) person view, this effect may be stronger. Moreover, if the advertising message contains behaviors, such as using the target product, inducing consumers to mimic the behaviors seems to bring more behavioral responses which marketers intend.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.467-474
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• 2013

Construction contactors must continuously seek to improve their cash flows, which reside at the heart of their financial success. They require careful planning, analysis, and optimization to avoid the risk of bankruptcy, remain profitable, and secure long-term growth. Sources of cash include bank loans and retained earnings, which are conceptually similar in that they both incur a cost of capital. Financial management therefore requires accurate yet customizable modeling capabilities that can quantify all expenses, including said cost of capital. However, currently existing cash flow models in construction engineering and management have strongly simplified the manner in which interest is assessed, which may even lead to overstating it at a disadvantage to contractors. The variable nature of cash balances, especially in the early phases of construction projects, contribute to this challenging issue. This research therefore extends a new cash flow model with an accurate interest calculation. It utilizes singularity functions, so called because of their ability to flexibly model changes across any number of different ranges. The interest function is continuous for activity costs of any duration and allows the realistic case that activities may begin between integer time periods, which are often calendar months. Such fractional interest calculation has hitherto been lacking from the literature. It also provides insights into the self-referential behavior of compound interest for variable cash balances. The contribution of this study is twofold; augmenting the corpus of financial analysis theory with a new interest formula, whose strengths include its generic nature and that it can be evaluated at any fractional value of time, and providing construction managers with a tool to help improve and fine-tune the financial performance of their projects.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.457-485
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• 2013

This study attempted to discover the dimensions of Korean culture, with the presumption that the cross-cultural studies(Hofstede, 1980, 1997; Schwartz, 1992, 1994; Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner, 1997; House et al., 2004) have limitation to explain non-western culture including Korean culture. Even though there are some Korean cultural studies, they used heuristic approaches applying the authors' experiences and intuitions. This study applied the Cultural Consensus Theory to overcome the previous studies' shortcomings and to discover the dimensions that can be empirically proved by data. In specific this study conducted in-depth interview, used content analysis, did frequency analysis, and applied pilesort technique, multidimensional scaling and network analysis. As a result, this study obtained five categories: public self-consciousness, group-focused orientation, affective human relations, hierarchical culture, and result-orientation. It is expected that these dimensions can be used as important variables that may explain Korean social phenomena.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to verify the effectiveness of the Environmental Hazards Exposure Prevention Program for Mothers with Young Child (EHEPP-MYC) and to provide basic data for environmental health projects in the community. Methods: EHEPP-MYC was developed based on the protection motivation theory. A quasi-experimental design was applied to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. The number of study participants was 30 in the experimental group and 31 in the control group. The intervention applied to the experimental group consisted of lectures as the main method, current affairs programs, discussions, booklets, animations, and practical training. The program was held twice a week for a total of 4 sessions of 60 minutes each. The effect of applying the program was measured three times through surveys (before, immediately after, and two weeks after the intervention) and analyzed through repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The EHEPP-MYC had significant effects on preventive behavior, perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, self-efficacy, response efficacy, and response costs at three time points. Conclusion: EHEPP-MYC has been shown to be effective in promoting environmental hazards prevention behaviors among mothers of young child. EHEPP-MYC can be used as baseline data for projects developing programs to prevent exposure to environmental hazards and improve the environmental health of communities.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.666-677
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• 2023

Purpose: This study was intended to evaluate the effects of an Infant Health Promotion Program (IHPP) for mothers with their firstborn infants. Methods: This study employed a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants consisted of 17 mothers with their firstborn infants in the experimental group and 17 in the control group from two women's hospitals. The experimental group received eight sessions of the program for four weeks. The collected data were analyzed using the chi-square test and repeated-measures ANOVA using an SPSS/WIN ver. 22.0. Results: The experimental group receiving the program had statistically significant higher levels of infant health promotion knowledge (F = 22.91, p < .001), social support (F = 27.64, p < .001), maternal role confidence (F = 8.25, p = .005) and health promotion behavior for infants (F = 16.85, p < .001) than the control group. The experimental group had a statistically significant lower level of parenting stress than the control group (F = 29.93, p < .001). Conclusion: The study's findings indicate that the IHPP is effective in improving health promotion knowledge, social support, and maternal role confidence and decreasing parenting stress among mothers with their firstborn infants. A method of delivering intervention, focused on readily accessible online platforms, coupled with intervention strategies grounded in the theory of self-efficacy, proves to be an advantageous approach for this particular target group.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.87-101
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• 2024

As the academic publishing environment evolves rapidly and the open science paradigm emerges, the demand for efficient and transparent peer review is growing. This study outlines efforts to actively introduce advanced concepts in scholarly communication into the submission and review system. AccessON Peer Review Management System Plus (ACOMS+), developed and operated by the Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, is an online submission and peer review system that aims for open science. This study provides an overview of ACOMS+ and presents its four main features: open peer review, open access publishing and self-archiving, online quantitative/qualitative evaluation, and peer reviewer invitation. The directions for further developing ACOMS+ to fully support open science are also discussed. ACOMS+ is the first system in Korea to introduce the open peer review process and is distinguished as a system that supports open access publishing and digital transformation of academic journals. Furthermore, ACOMS+ is expected to contribute to the advancement of the academic publishing environment through the increasing shift toward open access publishing, transparent peer review, and open science.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.295-302
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• 2024

Walking can have a positive impact on cognitive function in adolescents. This study aimed to compare the effects of walking with sneakers and barefoot on cognitive ability in adolescents. Fifty-nine adolescent male students were included in the study and assigned to the control (n = 20), sneaker (n = 19), and barefoot (n = 20) groups. The barefoot and sneakers group performed a 40-min walking exercise four times a week for 12 weeks during the morning physical activity time, while the control group performed self-study. Electroencephalogram (EEG) and brain activity variables were measured before and after the exercise program. The results showed that after 12 weeks, the barefoot group had a significant decrease in Gamma and H-beta waves and a significant increase in sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) and Alpha waves. Conversely, the control group showed a significant decrease in SMR waves and increase in Theta waves. The sneaker group showed a significant decrease in SMR waves alone. In an eyes-open resting state, the barefoot group showed a significant increase in H-beta, M-beta, SMR, and Alpha waves. The barefoot group also had a significant increase in cognitive speed and concentration and a significant decrease in brain stress. Taken together, barefoot walking can effectively enhance cognitive ability in adolescents, as demonstrated by the significant variation in EEG activity. This research highlights the potential benefits of barefoot walking as a simple and effective form of exercise for enhancing cognitive function in adolescents.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.167-175
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• 2024

Objectives: Rural housewives are integral to household management and family care, yet their sedentary lifestyles present significant health risks. This study used the transtheoretical model (TTM) to investigate strategies that encourage and maintain regular exercise habits among rural housewives. Methods: A semi-experimental study was conducted in 2021 with 114 housewives aged 30 to 59 who attended rural health centers in Gorgan, Iran. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. Data collection involved a validated questionnaire that gathered demographic information and constructs of the TTM. The intervention group participated in a comprehensive educational program, which included four 60-minute sessions. Data were collected again 6 months post-intervention and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS version 21. Results: The study encompassed women with an average age of 39.75±6.05 years, the majority of whom had educational levels below a diploma, and over 90% were married. We observed strong correlations between the processes of change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance. At the outset, there were no significant differences in demographics or model structures between the 2 groups. However, 6 months post-intervention, the intervention group exhibited statistically significant differences in the mean scores of model structures, stages of change, and body mass index (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of physical activity training for rural housewives. The findings suggest that the educational intervention, which utilized the TTM, significantly impacted the participants' model structures and their stages of change.