• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.207-217
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• 1996

Self is well·expressed by clothing, so self-image can be an effective variable for conducting clothing·behavior studies. But there ate some problems in clothing and self-image researches. This paper will be a clue to discuss these problems. The contents of this study are as follows. (1) The notion of self-image is compared with self-concept, and according to this work, self concept comprehends the evaluative properties in addition to self-image illustration. In tai.; part, the problem in translating the terminologies, 'self-concept' and 'self-image', are also discussed. (2) The aspects of self-image are explored, thus physical and social-psychological aspects are determined. (3) Two sub-dimensions of self-image ate recommended relating to clothing researches: actual versus ideal and intrinsic versus phenomenal. (4) Some comments for future studies ate added. It is needed to investigate the relationships of other social- psychological variables and self-image in clothing department.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.113-124
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• 1995

The objective of this study was to clarify the relations among mothers' self-esteem and facilitative communication, to children's self-esteem, and facilitative communication and then to inquire into how these relationships relatively contribute to children's self-esteem. Subjects were 206 elementary school children and their mothers in Anjang. Two types of instruments were used in this study. To measure the children's and mothers' self-esteem, SEI(Self-Esteem Inventory) was to used. To measure mothers' facilitative communication levels, "Mothers' Facilitative Communication Scales" was constructed by the researcher. The statistical procedures used for collected data analyses were correlation, one-way ANOVA, multiful regression. The findings are as following: 1. A significant static correlation was found between mothers' self-esteem and children's self-esteem. 2. Also, a significant static correlation was revealed between mothers' facilitative communication level and children's self-esteem. 3. The level of mothers' facilitative communication discloses a significant difference depending upon the mothers' self-esteem. 4. Mothers' level of facilitative communication affected children's self-esteem rather than the mothers' self-esteem.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.49-62
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• 2020

This research investigates how interest develops across a set of tasks within a course defined by a specific knowledge domain. The current study examined the relationships among self-concept, self-efficacy, Korea-related factors, and evaluation, in the context of learning about the Hanbok costume at Chinese universities. A survey (n=300) was conducted using an online survey website (www.sojump.com) from the 1st to the 25th of June. The structural equation model (SEM) analysis, including total and specific forms of self-evaluation with Hanbok courses, showed that self-concept was positively associated with self-efficacy. Conversely, K-culture interest and K-country image did not significantly affect self-efficacy in clothing, but positively affected Hanbok's self-efficacy. Meanwhile, the more self-efficacy perceived, the higher the level of evaluation. Overall, our findings imply that supporting the students' Korean culture interest, country image perception, and self-concept for regulation can enhance self-evaluation and self-realization success. Theoretical and practical implications for Hanbok courses are discussed.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.230-253
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• 2022

Based on Goffman's dramaturgical theory and self-objectification framework, this study examined: 1) Chinese female's WeChat self-presentation, 2) the impact of WeChat usage on female self-objectification, and 3) the impact of self-objectification on WeChat self-presentation tactics. An online survey was conducted. The main findings include: 1) most of the participants chose to beautify their pictures and videos before they posted them, 2) the respondents attached higher importance to appearance-based body attributes than competence-based ones, 3) the most frequently applied self-presentation tactic was ingratiation, 4) WeChat usage was not a predictor of Chinese women's self-objectification, and, 5) along with extroversion, self-objectification had an impact on ingratiation, supplication, self-promotion, and exemplification. Meanwhile, use of the electronic curtain and audience sifting to control who can see a post and for how long demonstrated the empowerment of the users when they conduct self-presentation.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2020

Purpose: Understanding which product types of overseas travel (free independent travel vs. package travel) consumers will choose is one of the key issues of marketing and consumer behavior in travel agency management. Prior studies on overseas travel type preferences mainly focused on comparing regional differences (e.g., Asian vs. Westerner, or Korean vs. Australian, or Korean vs. Japanese, or American, French, Italian vs. Japanese) influencing the choice of overseas travel type. Another researchers focused on comparing cultural differences (e.g., individualism vs. collectivism, or individualistic culture vs. collectivistic culture), subcultural difference (e.g., acculturation; Koreans living in Republic of Korea vs. Koreans living in Australia), travel lifestyle, and socio-demographics (e.g., age, gender, income level, education level, marital status, occupation etc.). However, there are few studies that identify individual psychological differences (i.e., individual psychological differences within the same culture) influencing the choice of overseas travel type. Self-construal is a psychological factors that greatly influences choice behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of self-construal as an antecedent variable influencing choice of overseas travel product type. Research design, data and methodology: To achieve the purpose of this study, the questionnaire survey method was used. Self-construal items composed of independent self-construal items and interdependent self-construal items. Product types of overseas travel were free independent travel (FIT) type versus package travel type. In this study, the correlation coefficient between independent self-construal and interdependent self-construal was nonsignificant. It meant that the relationship between independent self-construal and interdependent self-construal was orthogonal. Therefore it was analyzed that independent self-construal and interdependent self-construal separately. Reliability analysis, factor analysis, and logistic regression analysis (controlling gender and age) was used as the data analysis method. Results: According to the results of this study, the stronger independent self-construal, the more preference for the free independent travel type rather than package travel, and the stronger interdependent self-construal, the more preference for the package travel type rather than free independent travel. Conclusions: Self-construal is an antecedent variable influencing the choice of travel type. Travel agencies must consider the consumer's self-construal (independent self-construal vs. interdependent self-construal) before planning and designing overseas travel products.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.114-124
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• 2002

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate whether a self-efficacy information resources program based on the self-efficacy theory of Bandura (1986) would increase self-efficacy and self-care in patients with CAD. Method: The study was a one group, pretest-posttest pre-experimental design research. The Self-Efficacy Information Resources Program was composed of a video tape program and a telephone coaching program and based on vicarious experiences and verbal persuation. The Program was used as an experimental treatment from February 27. to May 27, 1999. Twenty patients participated from a university hospital located in Seoul. Three days later after a pretest the telephone coaching program was given. It was repeated weekly during a 3 week period. At the end of this period post-test data were collected by mail. Data were analyzed with a random permutation test using SAS program. Result: 1) Scores on self-efficacy after the Self-Efficacy Information Resources Program were significantly higher than before the program (p=0.06). 2) Scores on self-care after the Program were significantly higher (subjective self-care, p=0.0005; objective self-care, p= 0.0002) than before the program. Conclusion: The Program was found to be an effective nursing intervention for increasing self-efficacy and self-care. When nurses who care for CAD patients plan to increase their patients' self care ability, they should always consider the concept of self-efficacy.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.104-112
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to examine the proximity of cosmetic to self by self-efficacy. The scales used in this study include the scale of Sherer, Mercadante, Maddux, Rrentice-Dunn, Jacobs and Rogers(1982) for general and social self-efficacy, the scale of Ryckman, Roddins, Thorton, and Cantrell(1982) for physical self-efficacy, and the scale developed by the researcher for proximity of cosmetic to self. The subjects of this study were 885 adult women in Taegu. The data collected were analyzed by using MANOVA, ANOVA, and the Cronbach $\alpha$ reliability was also applied. The results of this study were summarized as follows: The persons with high general self-efficacy showed high degrees of joy of change in the sub-factors of proximity of cosmetic to self, while there was no difference in social confidence, skin care, self-satisfaction and instrument of disguise between persons with high general self-efficacy and those with low general self-efficacy. In addition, the persons with high social self-efficacy showed high degree of social confidence, skin care, joy of change, self-satisfaction and instrument of disguise in the sub-factors of proximity of cosmetic to self. And the persons With high physical self-efficacy had high degrees of joy of change and disguise. In the sub-factors of proximity of cosmetic to self, while there was no difference in the social confidence, skin care, self-satisfaction between persons with high physical self-efficacy and those With low physical self-efficacy.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Self-Efficacy Promoting Program on Self-Efficacy, Metabolic Control and Self-Care Behaviors in Patients with NIDDM. Method: Data was collected from March 15th to July 15th, 2001. The subjects of the study consisted of 23 NIDDM patients who had visited regularly the endocrinology out-patient department of Gwangju Christian Hospital. The instrument used in the study Paek's self-efficacy measurement scale, was modified by the researcher, self-care behaviors were created by health care teams, and HbA1c for the sugar metabolic control were measured from the patients blood. The Interventions of the self efficacy promoting program were applied 4 hours a week for 6weeks. Data were analyzed with SPSS/PC+, using T-test and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Result: The mean score for self-efficacy was $70.61{\pm}15.48$ of a 140 point scale, the mean score for $HbA_{1c}$ level was $8.07{\pm}1.86%$. The self efficacy promoting program significantly increased the score of self efficacy(Z=-4.198, P=.000). And the self efficacy promoting program was significantly decreased in metabolic control(Z=-2.585, p=.010). Taking medicine and controlling alcohol were the best self care behaviors of this program. Conclusion: It was established that the self efficacy promoting program was effective for improving self efficacy, metabolic level and self care behaviors in patients with NIDDM.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1079-1092
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of self-leadership on organizational effectiveness and job performance in the dental hygienist. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 281 dental hygienists in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggido from March 1 to 31, 2016. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, self-leadership, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, job performance. Data were analyzed by t-test, one-way ANOVA, multiple regression analysis using the SPSS 18.0 program. Results: The average of self-leadership was 3.62, self-reward had highest score of 3.84, followed by rehearsal 3.73, self-expectation 3.72, self-goal setting 3.51, constructive thinking 3.48, and self-criticism 3.45. The average of organizational commitment was 3.11, and that of job satisfaction was 3.11 and the average of job performance was 3.70. Among the sub-factors of self-leadership, self-expectation, self-goal setting, constructive thinking showed a positive correlation with organizational commitment and job satisfaction. All sub-factors except for self-criticism showed a positive correlation with job performance. Among the sub-factors of self-leadership, self-expectation (${\beta}=0.350$), constructive thinking (${\beta}=0.124$), self-reward (${\beta}=0.106$), rehearsal (${\beta}=0.102$) showed a significant effect together with job satisfaction (${\beta}=0.187$) on job performance. Also, age, education level, clinical career, the average monthly salary showed a significant effect on job performance. Conclusions: The self-leadership and job satisfaction of in the dental hygienist had influence on job performance. To improve the job performance of dental hygienists, it is necessary to apply self-leadership development program focusing on the strengthening of self-expectation and constructive thinking.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.16-31
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• 2002

This study was done in order to analyze the relationship of gender identity, self-esteem, self-efficacy, hardiness, and health promotion behavior in the College Women. The subjects were 275 students from a college in Kyungbuk. The instruments used for this study were made of general characteristics(6 items), gender identity(1 item), self-esteem(10 item), self-efficacy(13 items), hardiness(38 items) and health promoting behaviors(40 items). The data were analyzed by SPSS/$PC^+$ program using descriptive statistics, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Stepwise Regression. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The Mean score of gender identity, self-esteem, self-efficacy, hardiness, and health promotion behavior were as follows. 1) The mean score of the health promoting behavior was 2.24. Among the subcategories, the highest score was interpersonal support(2.91), self-actualization (2.85), and the lowest score was health responsibility(1.62). 2) The mean score of the gender identity was 2.04. 3) The mean score of the self-esteem was 2.85. 4) The mean score of the self-efficacy was 6.50. 5) The mean score of the hardiness was 2.83. 2. Correlations of gender identity, self-esteem, self-efficacy, hardiness, and health promotion behavior were as follows. 1) Gender identity was positively correlated with self-esteem(r=-.287, p=.0000), self-efficacy(r=-.226, p=.0000), hardiness(r=.237, p=.0000), health promotion behavior(r=-.236, p=.0000). 2) Self-esteem was positively correlated with self-efficacy(r=.499, p=.0000), hardiness (r=-.275, p=.0000), health promotion behavior(r=.428, p=0000). 3) Self-efficacy was positively correlated with hardiness(r=-.423, p=.0000), health promotion behavior(r=.492, p=.0000). 4) Hardiness was positively correlated with health promotion behavior(r=-.457, p=.0000). 4. Self-efficacy, hardiness and self-esteem were the major predictors for health promoting behavior(35.7%).