• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.9
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• pp.1249-1255
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• 2015

We examined the effects of selenium-binding peptide from sericin hydrolysates on the bioavailability of selenium-deficient rats. Three-week-old male rats were fed a selenium-deficient diet for 4 weeks while the normal control group was fed a normal diet. The selenium-deficient rats were divided into three groups: no treatment, organic selenium (OS), and inorganic selenium (IS). After selenium supplementation for 4 weeks, the level of serum glutathione reduced form in rats treated with organic selenium was significantly higher than that of inorganic selenium. Selenium retention rate also increased significantly in the organic selenium group compared to the inorganic selenium group [selenium deficient diet (DD)+OS 50.25% vs. DD+IS 17.04%, P<0.05]. In conclusion, binding of selenium to peptides from sericin hydrolysates seems to improve its bioavailability, and can hasten a cure for selenium deficiency in experimental rats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 1988

Effect of vitamin E and selenium supplementation on immunity was studied in newborn Jersey and buffalo calves. The supplement contained 500 mg vitamin E and $200\;{\mu}g$ selenium; and was fed daily from birth to day 30. Differences in weight gain, total leucocytic count, differential leucocytic count, antibody titre and susceptibility to disease were found to be nonsignificant between supplemented and control calves during the study period of 3 months. Vitamin E seemed to enhance the recovery from disease in buffalo calves. Buffalo calves were found to be more sensitive to selenium toxicity than Jersey calves.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.608-611
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• 2004

The 15 buffaloes were divided into three groups, viz. group 1: normal cyclic buffaloes; group 2: postpartum anoestrus buffaloes and group 3: post partum anoestrus buffaloes supplemented with intramuscular injections of Vit. E.-care Se containing 500 mg $\alpha$-tocopheryl acetate and 15 mg selenium at weekly intervals for two months. The postpartum anoestrus buffaloes had significantly higher levels of erythrocytic lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase and glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase activities but lower glutathione peroxidase activity as compared to normal cyclic buffaloes. The supplementation of vitamin E and selenium lowered the level of erythrocytic lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase and glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase activities but it had no effect on whole blood selenium and erythrocytic gluathione peroxidase activity. All the animals in group 3 became cyclic and showed 60% conception rate.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.378-383
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• 2011

This study examined the effect of supplementary selenium on leukocytes and heat shock protein (HSP) 70 expression in serum during half-body immersion. The subjects were male college tennis athletes. All subjects participated in two repeated experiments with a 1 week interval. During the 30 min intermittent half-body immersion, subjects were given 500 mL of water with or without selenium (100 ${\mu}g$). Blood samples were taken from the antecubital vein, and differential counts were made. Serum HSP70 protein was analyzed using a commercial ELISA kit. After half-body immersion, leukocytes and lymphocytes increased significantly but neutrophils decreased significantly in both trials (with or without selenium). Selenium supplementation, compared with placebo, decreased levels of leukocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes, but not lymphocytes, to the resting level or below 60 min after immersion. Only lymphocytes continued to increase in both trials during the recovery period. Serum HSP70 protein level did not change after immersion, but it decreased 60 min after immersion with the administration of selenium. In conclusion, supplementary selenium reduced the systemic immune response and serum HSP70 protein accumulation after half-body immersion.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.22-31
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin E and selenium on the antioxidative defense mechanism in the liver of streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats(120$\pm$10gm) were randomly assigned to one control and five STZ-diabetic groups. Diabetic groups were classified to STZ-0E (vitamin E free diet), STZ-40E(40mg vitamin E/kg of diet), STZ-400E(400mg vitamin E/kg of diet), STZ-S(0.5ppm Se/kg of diet) and STZ-400ES(400mg vitamin E and 0.5ppm Se/kg of diet) according to the level of vitamin E and selenium supplementation. Diabetes was experimentally induced by intravenous adminstration of 55mg/kg of STZ in citrate buffer(pH 4.3) after 4-weeks feedng of six experimental diets. Animals were sacrificed at the 4th day of diabetic states. Activities of the serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase(GOT) and the glutaminc pyruvate transaminase(GPT) in STZ-0E, STZ-40E and STZ-S rats were higher than those of control. Liver xanthine oxidase activities were similar to serum GOT and GPT. Liver superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities were higher in STZ-0E and STZ-40E groups by 33%, 22%, respectively than that of control. Glutathione S-transferase(GST) activities of liver were similar to GSH-Px activities. The contents of vitamin E in liver tissue were significantly lower STZ-0E, STZ-40E and STZ-S groups by 50%, 36%, 45% than that of control. Reduced glutathione(GSH) contents of liver were lower STZ-0E, STZ-40E, STZ-400E, STZ-S and STZ-400ES groups by 57%, 51%, 19%, 18%, 12% than that of control. Lipid peroxide values (LPO) in liver were higher 5.6, 2.3 and 2.3 times in STZ-0E, STZ-40E and STZ-S group than that of control. The present results indicate that STZ-induced diabetic rats are more sensitive to oxidative stress, leading to the acceleration of lipid peroxidation process, which can be more accelerated by feeding the low level of dietary vitamin E. In the coincident supplementation of high dietary vitamin E and selenium antioxidative enzymes activities and physiolosical antioxidants were increased more than those of the separate supplementation of vitamin E or selenium. Therefore, dietary vitamin E and selenium reduced peroxidative damage of tissue, promoting antioxidative defense mechanism against lipid peroxidation by diabetes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.247-252
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• 2013

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of supplementing various concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, or 400 ${\mu}g/kg$ diet) of organic Se on growth performance, carcass traits, oxidative stress, and immune responses in commercial broiler chickens reared in open-sided poultry house under tropical climatic conditions. Each diet was fed ad libitum to eight replicates consisting of six birds in each pen from 1 to 42 d of age. Body weight gain and feed efficiency, and relative weight of liver, abdominal fat and ready to cook yields were not affected (p>0.05) by organic Se supplementation to broiler diets. Lipid peroxidation in plasma decreased, while activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in plasma increased (p<0.01) linearly with Se concentration in diet. The ratios between heterophyls and lymphocytes and relative weight of lymphoid organs (bursa, spleen, and thymus), and antibody production to Newcastle disease vaccination were not affected (p>0.05) by Se supplementation to broiler diets. However, the cell-mediated immunity (lymphocyte proliferation ratio) increased (p<0.01) linearly with dietary Se concentration. The results of the present study indicate that the supplementation of Se did not influence body weight and feed efficiency. However, supplementation of Se increased antioxidant status and lymphocyte proliferation in broiler chickens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1539-1545
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• 2007

An experiment was conducted using 20 male buffalo calves to study the effect of vitamin E and selenium supplementation on their immune response and plasma ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and selenium status. These buffalo calves (10-12 months old, average body weight $75.30{\pm}2.20 $ kg) were randomly allotted to four treatments on the basis of their body weights and were fed on wheat straw and concentrate mixture to meet their nutrient requirements of 500 g/d body weight gain. The buffalo calves were fed either a control diet (neither supplemented with Se nor VE) or diets supplemented with Se at 0.3 ppm (+Se), DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate at 300 IU (+VE), and both DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate at 300 IU and Se at 0.3 ppm (+Se+VE). These experimental diets were fed for 180 days. Blood samples were collected at day 0 and subsequently at 45 day intervals up to 180 days of experimental feeding to monitor plasma ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and Se concentrations. To assess humoral immune response, all calves were sensitized with formalin inactivated Pasteurella multocida antigen at 135 days of experimental feeding and blood was collected on 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post vaccination (DPV) to measure antibody production using indirect ELISA. Cell mediated immune response of calves was assessed after 180 days of experimental feeding by in vivo delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction using phytohaemaglutinin-P (PHA-P) as a mitogen. Results revealed that feeding of VE and Se improved the plasma levels of these nutrients. Plasma levels of Se were affected by supplementation of both VE (p<0.001) and Se (p<0.001); however, no interaction ($Se{\times}VE$) was observed. Supplementation of Se improved the humoral immune response (p<0.008), whereas, VE showed a tendency towards improvement in cell mediated immune response (p<0.064). It was concluded that vitamin E and Se supplementation improved the status of these micronutrients and humoral immune response in buffalo calves.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of soil selenium (Se) supplementation level on Se contents of green tea and milk vetch. Four different concentrations of sodium selenite ($Na_2SeO_3$) solutions (0.0, 3.3, 33.0 and 165.0${\mu}g/mL$) were prepared and one liter of each solution was well mixed with 10 kg of compost (cowpea soil) to give four different levels of Se-containing soil: $T_1$, 0; $T_2$, 33; $T_3$, 330; $T_4$, and 1,650${\mu}g$/100 g soil. Green tea plants and milk vetch were individually cultivated in those soils for 60 days. Se contents of freeze-dried green tea leaves were 6.87, 10.40, 12.04, and 20.19 ${\mu}g/g$, respectively; all of which were significantly different (p<0.05) from the others except for $T_2$ and $T_3$. The results showed that Se-contents of green tea leaves were increased 1.5$\sim$2.9 times as the Se level in the soil increased. Regression equation between Se contents in green tea (Y) and soil Se supplementation level (X) was: Y=0.007X＋8.857. However, Se contents in the milk vetch were increased significantly (p<0.05) more with the same treatments $T_3$ (74 ${\mu}g/g$) and $T_4$ (187$\mu$g/g) in comparison to those at $T_1$ (5.0 ${\mu}g/g$) and $T_2$ (12.0$\mu$g/g). The increases ranged from approximately between 2.4 to 37.4 times that of the control group. Regression equation between Se contents in milk vetch (Y) and soil Se supplementation level (X) was: Y=0.1063X＋15.989. The large difference of Se contents between green tea leaves and milk vetch would be attributed by the difference of protein contents between the 30% or higher protein-content of legumes and 15$\sim$20% protein of shrubs. The present study clearly indicates that green tea leaves and milk vetch can be enriched in selenium by supplementing the soil with Se. Therefore, Se-enriched green tea or milk vetch powder could be utilized as functional foods in Se-fortified green tea drinks or salads, or as food additives to enhance the daily intake of Se.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.300-308
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of chloroform(CHC1$_3$) fraction of Alisma canaliculatum All. Braun et Bouche(Ac) with selenium(Se) on the plasma glucose and lipid levels in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups. The normal and diabetic rats were separated into four groups: the STZ-control group, the Ac group, the Ac-Se group and the Se group. Diabetes was induced in the male rats by an injection of STZ into the tail vein at a dose of 45 mg/kg. The CHCl$_3$fraction of Ac(250 mg/kg) was administered orally for 14 days. The supplementation was achieved with the AIN-93 recommended diet by adding 2 mg/kg diet of selenium as Na$_2$SeO$_3$. which was prepared freshly everyday. The body weight, hematocrit(Hct), glucose, insulin, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride(TG) and free fatty acids(FFA) concentrations in plasma were measured. The aminotransferase activities were also analyzed. The changes of body weight in the experimental groups were not significantly different from that of the STZ-control group, but diabetes hyperphagia accompanied changes with body weight loss in Ac-Se group. The levels of Plasma cholesterol were not significantly different among the experimental groups. The concentrations of FFA in the Ac-Se group increased significantly compared with the STZ-control group. The effect of Se alone significantly increased aspartate aminotransferase activity and alanine aminotransferase activity. The results showed that the treatment of CHCl$_3$fraction of Ac in combination with Se has no synergistic effect. There was a tendency for the plasma glucose levels to decrease when Se was administered into diabetic rats. Supplementation of Se in diabetic rats did not elicit a significant increase in plasma insulin levels and exhibited hypotriglyceridemic effect.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of selenium (Se) sources and levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and Se retention in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 56 crossbred pigs ([$Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$]${\times}$Large White) with average $28.5{\pm}0.2kg$ BW were allotted to 7 treatments on the basis of sex and weight in two replicates and four pigs per pen. A $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement of treatments was used in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. Two sources of Se (selenite Se or Se-enriched yeast) were added at 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mg/kg to each treatment diet. A basal diet without Se supplementation was the seventh treatment group. Three pigs per treatment were randomly selected and samples of loin, liver, pancreas and a kidney were collected, frozen and later analyzed for Se. The digestibility trial was conducted to evaluate the apparent absorption and retention of Se and availability of other nutrients. Growth performance was not affected by dietary sources and levels of Se. No growth retardation was observed in the 0.5 mg/kg dietary Se treatment group regardless of Se sources. The Se concentration of serum in Se supplemented groups was increased compared with the control group (p<0.01). During the growing and finishing phase, Se in serum was clearly increased when organic Se was provided (p<0.01). Interaction of Se source ${\times}$ Se level was observed in Se concentration of loin, liver and pancreas of the pigs at the end of experiment. Selenium retention in the liver, kidney, pancreas and loin of pigs was increased as dietary Se level increased and was higher when pigs were fed organic Se resulting in an interaction response (p<0.01). Nutrient digestibilities were not affected by dietary Se sources or levels. No dietary Se source ${\times}$ Se level interaction was observed in nutrient digestibility. The results from this experiment indicated that dietary Se sources and levels affected the distribution of Se in the body of growing-finishing pigs. Organic source of Se, such as Se-enriched yeast resulted in higher serum and tissue Se concentration compared to inorganic form, while no beneficial effects on nutrient digestibility were observed from dietary Se supplementation in growing-finishing pigs.