• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1647-1654
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• 2023

Objective: Aging roosters typically exhibit subfertility with decreasing semen quality, furthermore Thai native roosters reared in rural areas are raised for a longer duration than their usual lifespan. The present study therefore aimed to assess the effect of selenium supplementation as an antioxidative substance in diets to improve the semen cryopreservation of aged roosters. Methods: Semen samples were collected from young (n = 20) and aged (n = 20) Thai native roosters (Pradu Hang Dum) at 36 and 105 weeks of age when starting the experiment, respectively. They were fed diets either non-supplemented or supplemented with selenium (0.75 ppm). Fresh semen quality and lipid peroxidation of fresh semen was evaluated before cryopreservation using the traditional liquid nitrogen vapor method. Post-thaw sperm quality and fertility potential were determined. Results: Advancing age is unrelated to decreasing fresh semen quality (p>0.05). However, lipid peroxidation in rooster semen depended on age, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration increased in aged roosters (p<0.05). Selenium supplementation in diets significantly decreased the MDA concentration and increased the sperm concentration (p<0.05). In contrast, cryopreserved semen was affected by advancing rooster age, and selenium influenced sperm quality (p<0.05). Younger roosters had higher post-thaw sperm quality and fertility potential than aged roosters (p<0.05). Likewise, diet selenium supplements improved post-thaw sperm quality and fertility compared with the non-supplement group. Conclusion: Rooster's age does not influence the rooster sperm quality of fresh semen, while sperm cryotolerance and fertility were greater in young roosters than in aged roosters. However, sperm of aged roosters could be improved by dietary selenium supplementation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.865-871
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• 2006

Signs of dental discolouration, difficulty in mastication, bony exostosis and debility were observed in cattle from Qingtongxia Ningxia, China where fluoride concentration in drinking water, soil, fodder, serum, bone, teeth, haircoat and urine were significantly higher than the corresponding health site. The problem of fluorosis in beef cattle is attributable to water containing toxic levels of fluoride. The objective of this paper was therefore to evaluate the influence of fluoride on erythrocyte parameters in cattle under high fluoride and low selenium conditions, as well as the protective efficacy of selenium exposure in feedstuff for bovine endemic fluorosis. Sixteen 6 to 7 year-old high fluoride beef cattle were randomly allotted into two groups each with eight cows: high fluoride control group, and supplemented with 0.25 mg/kg selenium per day for 83 days respectively. In addition, eight 6 to 7 year-old normal control beef cattle were selected from a non-high fluoride site. Blood samples were collected on day 0, 30 and 83 for erythrocyte parameters analysis and scanning electronic microscopy. The results indicated that erythrocytes, hemoglobin, packed cell volume values and $Na^+-K^+$ ATPase activity from affected cattle on the high fluoride site were significantly reduced during the period as compared with the corresponding samples of normal control cattle, a great number of echinocytes were present in peripheral blood, and subsequent anaemia. However, affected cattle exposed to selenium revealed increasable erythrocyte parameters, the extent of elevation in these values being dependent on the duration of supplementation with selenium. These findings suggest that fluoride exposure can cause erythrocyte damage, whereas selenium supplementation can antagonize fluoride-induced generation of free radicals and cumulative effects of lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes. Selenium supplementation may help to alleviate the possible hazards associated with bovine endemic fluorosis.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.484-491
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• 2023

Objective: The aim of this trial was to investigate the effect of supplementation and withdrawal of selenium-enriched kale sprouts (SeKS) on productivity and egg Se concentration of laying hens. Selenium from commercial Se-enriched yeast (SeY) was used as a comparative Se source. Methods: One-hundred and eighty 61-week-old laying hens were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups with 4 replicates (9 hens each) in a 2×2+1 Augmented Factorial Experiment in a completely randomized design. The experimental diets were basal diet, basal diet supplemented with 0.2 and 0.4 mg Se/kg from SeKS and SeY, respectively. The 8-week feeding trial was divided into 2 periods, namely the Se supplemental period (week 1 to 4) and the Se withdrawal period (week 5 to 8). Results: Productive performance, egg quality and egg Se concentration of laying hens were not affected by sources of Se (SeKS and SeY) during both, the Se supplemental and withdrawal periods. Egg production and egg Se concentration increased (p<0.05) with increasing levels of Se supplementation. The egg Se concentration increased and reached a peak 1 week after Se supplementation. However, concentration of Se in eggs of hens fed Se from both sources decreased rapidly from the second week of the Se withdrawal period to reach the same egg Se concentration of hens fed the basal diet by the fourth week of the Se withdrawal period. Conclusion: The efficacy of Se from SeKS on productivity and egg Se concentration in laying hens was comparable to commercial SeY. Thus, SeKS can provide an alternate organic Se source for production of Se-enriched eggs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.551-556
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• 1996

Selenium (Se) apparent absorption and retention in sheep as influenced by diets differing in protein content through soybean meal supplementation was studied. A $3{\times}3$ Latin square design was used with three Japanese Corriedale wethers (45 kg average body weight), three periods, and three dietary treatments. In each period, 7 d dietary adjustment was followed by 5 d total collection of urine and feces. The three dietary treatments were : Diet 1, without soybean meal supplementation (14% crude protein, CP); Diet 2, with 10% soybean meal supplementation (16.5% CP); and Diet 3, with 20% soybean meal supplementation (19% CP). All the diets had a Se supplementation in the form of sodium selenite at 0.2 mg Se/kg dietary DM. The dietary DM intake of the animals was 2% of their body weight. No significant differences were obtained among the three dietary treatments of the Se balance of the animals. However, as percent of Se intake, only urinary Se concentration of Diet 3 was markedly lower (p < 0.05) than the other diets. Fecal Se as percent of Se intake followed the trend of Diet 3> Diet 2 > Diet 1 resulting a Se absorbed as percent of Se intake of 58.9%, 62.3% and 68.2% for Diets 3, 2 and 1, respectively but their differences among each other were insignificant. No significant differences that were observed either on Se retained as percent of intake (Diet 1, 48.2%; Diet 2, 45.2%; Diet 3, 46.0%) or Se retained as percent of Se absorbed (Diet 1, 70.7%; Diet 2, 72.4%; Diet 3, 77.9%). Significant correlation coefficients among the various measures of Se utilization were also observed. Regression analysis showed the following equation: Y = 93.8 - 1.86X (p <0.05, $r^{2}=0.48$), where Y is the Se absorbed as percent of Se intake (%) and X is the dietary protein content (%). This study concludes that Se requirement in sheep is greater when dietary protein content is high.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.286-298
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• 1993

In order to investigate the effect of selenium (Se) on the liver damage, metallothionein synthesis and hepatic antioxidative detoxification system in cadmium(Cd) administered rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats(60\\5g) were divided into two diet groups, depending on with (CdS groups) or without (Cd groups) 0.5ppm Se supplementation and fed experimental diets ad libidum for 4 weeks. And then each group was again subdivided into five groups, depending on injection number of Cd, i.e., 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 times of 2.5mg Cd/kg of body wt once a day. Hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit values, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activite were decreased progressively with increasing number of Cd injection, but increased by the supplementation of Se. The reduced form of glutathione (GSH) contents in blood and liver and vitamin E content were decreased and oxidized form (GSSG) increased in Cd groups, but these of Se supplemented groups were not very different from controls. Cd reduced liver vitamin E content which was not restored by Se supplementation. Liver lipid peroxide values were elevated with increasing doses of Cd, but Se supplementation reduced these elevated levels. Accumulation of metallothionein in liver and kidney was increased with increasing number of Cd injection, but Se did not affect on them. Histological examination revealed that lysosomes were significantly increased and mitochondria and Golgi apparatus were enlarged by Cd, however, these changes were reduced by Se. It was concluded that Se administration promoted antioxidative detoxification and alleviated peroxidative damage in rat liver by Cd.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.557-562
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• 1996

The effects of diets differing in protein content through soybean meal supplementation on ruminal fractionation of selenium (Se) were studied. A $3{\times}3$ Latin square design was used with three Japanese Corriedale wethers (45 kg average body weight), three periods, and three dietary treatment. The three dietary treatments were : Diet 1, without soybean meal supplementation (14% crude protein, CP); Diet 2, with 10% soybean meal supplementation (16.5% CP); and Diet 3, with 20% soybean meal supplementation (19% CP). All the diets had a Se supplementation in the form of sodium selenite at 0.2 mg Se/kg dietary DM. The Se supplement and the concentrate mixture were fed only in the morning before the hay was given. Daily feeding schedule for gay was set at 09:00 and 17:00 h. On the final day of collection period, ruminal fluid samples were obtained at 0.5, 2, 6, 12 and 24 h post-feeding starting at 09:00 h. Total ruminal fluid Se was markedly higher (p<0.05) in Diet 3 than those in Diets 1 and 2 at almost all sampling time except at 24 h. The proportion of Se in soluble protein to the total ruminal Se was higher (p< 0.05) in Diet 3 (40%) followed by Diet 2 (28%) and Diet 1 (21%). The proportion of free inorganic Se to the total ruminal Se was the reverse, especially after two hours where Diet 1 (p<0.05) was higher than the other diets. Bacterial Se was lower (p < 0.05) in Diet 1 than those in Diets 2 and 3 at any sampling time. The highest was observed at 2 h postprandially in all diets with a value of 421, 556, $655{\mu}g/kg$ bacterial DM for Diet 1, 2 and 3, respectively. No differences (p>0.05) were observed on ruminal pH, ammonia and total nolatile fatty acids although increasing protein supplementation tended to decline the ruminal pH and increase ruminal ammonia. This study concludes that increasing dietary protein content by soybean meal supplementation can affect the ruminal Se metabolism.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.429-438
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine whether conjugated linoleic acid and selenium supplementation in broiler chicken diets would be effective, enhance indices of immune status and body weight, and modulate serum lipid concentration. Forty Hyline brown chickens, 1 weeks of age, were divided into 5 groups of 8 chickens. Chickens were fed the experimental diets supplemented with 1% CLA (conjugated linoleic acid; Group 1), 1% CLA + selenium (Group 2), 1% safflower-seed-oil as LA (Group 3), 1% safflower-seed-oil as LA + selenium (Group 4) or nothing (Control) for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, serum, liver, spleen and abdominal fat were taken. Measurement of total immunoglobulin were executed using sandwich ELISA. Weight ratio of liver to body showed that the group fed with CLA were significantly higher than the group fed with CLA + selenium. Weight ratios of spleen and fat to body showed no significantly differences. In concentrations of serum total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol, the group fed with CLA showed significantly higher values than that fed with CLA + selenium. In concentrations of serum triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol there were no significantly differences between the treatment groups. In conclusion, supplementation of CLA with selenium protected hepatomegaly and reduced level of serum total cholesterol and HDL-cholestererol in chickens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.757-760
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• 2000

The selenium status of beef cattle in the southern part of Thailand and the selenium concentration of soil and herbage consumed by those animals were investigated. Samples were collected from three areas with different soil types, namely, sandy soil, peat soil and laterite soil. The selenium concentration of soil, herbage and blood plasma showed a similar tendency; the values of laterite soil were higher than those of the other two areas. However, the selenium concentration of herbage of each pasture was lower than the NRC requirement, and that of blood plasma was not in the sufficient level. These data suggested that beef cattle raised in these areas were in the chronic selenium deficiency. We concluded that selenium supplementation is needed for the increase of animal productivity in the southern part of Thailand.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.217-223
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• 2006

Fifty castrated crossbred ($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$) pigs, weighing an average of $60.6{\pm}3.1kg$ were allotted to one of five treatments in a randomized block design to examine the effects of dietary inclusion of 0.1% L-carnitine (50 ppm carnitine), 0.1% selenium-enriched yeast (0.3 ppm selenium), 0.1% Jujube fruit or 0.1% Hwangto (Red clay) on pig performance and carcass quality. All diets were based on corn, wheat, soybean meal and wheat bran and were formulated to supply 13.8 MJ DE/kg. Dietary supplementation did not influence daily gain (p = 0.57), feed intake (p = 0.52), or feed conversion (p = 0.32). Digestibility of dry matter (p = 0.60), organic matter (p = 0.74), crude protein (p = 0.76), crude fibre (p = 0.70) and energy (p = 0.75) were also unaffected by inclusion of any of the additives. Tissue samples taken from the longissimus muscle showed that the levels of carnitine (p = 0.0001) and selenium (p = 0.0001) were significantly higher with dietary inclusion of carnitine or selenium-enriched yeast. Dietary treatment did not affect dressing percentage (p = 0.33), carcass lean yield (p = 0.99) or first, $10^{th}$ and last rib midline backfat depth (p = 0.45, 0.82 and 0.47, respectively). Dietary treatment also did not affect the percentages of tenderloin (p = 0.37), bacon (p = 0.36), fat and bone (p = 0.56), picnic shoulder (p = 0.25), skirt (p = 0.80), fresh ham (p = 0.31) or ribs (p = 0.79). However, pigs fed the diet containing Jujube fruit had a higher percentage of Boston butt than pigs fed the carnitine or selenium supplemented diets (p = 0.01). Pigs fed added Hwangto had a higher (p = 0.04) percentage of loin compared with pigs fed supplementary selenium or Jujube fruit. Loin muscle from pigs fed carnitine had a significantly lower Hunter colour value for L (whiteness, p = 0.004) and a higher value for $a^*$ (redness; p = 0.069). The overall results indicate that supplementation with L-carnitine and selenium-enriched yeast can produce pork containing higher levels of carnitine and selenium, which could provide health benefits for consumers of pork without detrimental effects on pig performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 1994

The effects of inorganic selenium (Se), selenate and selenite on Se balance levels in the different ruminal fluid fractions were studied using Japanese Corriedale wethers with an average body weight of 47 kg. A $3{\times}3$ Latin square design was used with three animal, three periods and three treatments. In each period, there was 7 d dietary adjustment followed by 5 d total collection of urine and feces. Ruminal fluid samples were obtained at 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 h postprandially on the final day of the collection period. The three dietary treatments were: (1) without Se supplementation (control); (2) with Se supplement as sodium selenate; and (3) sodium selenite at a rate of 0.2 mg Se/kg dietary DM. The basal diet was timothy hay (Phleum pratense L.) fed 2% of body weight/d. Results indicated that Se balance were higher (p < 0.05) for those animals under supplementation than those animals under control. Overall data gathered showed a similar digestion balance of selenate and selenite in sheep. Inorganic Se, both selenate and selenite produced positive Se contents of the ruminal feed particles and protozoa. Bacterial Se increased (p < 0.05) on the first three hours post-prandially in Se supplemented diets. Gross ruminal fluid fraction, although there was improvement on their Se content under the supplemented diets, the changes were insignificant over the control. free inorganic Se and Se in soluble protein of the ruminal fluid were not significantly different for selenate and selenite. Most of the Se in the ruminal fluids of the animals under supplementation were insoluble, indicating the influence of rumen environments on Se bioavaliability.