• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of selenium (Se) sources and levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and Se retention in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 56 crossbred pigs ([$Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$]${\times}$Large White) with average $28.5{\pm}0.2kg$ BW were allotted to 7 treatments on the basis of sex and weight in two replicates and four pigs per pen. A $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement of treatments was used in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. Two sources of Se (selenite Se or Se-enriched yeast) were added at 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mg/kg to each treatment diet. A basal diet without Se supplementation was the seventh treatment group. Three pigs per treatment were randomly selected and samples of loin, liver, pancreas and a kidney were collected, frozen and later analyzed for Se. The digestibility trial was conducted to evaluate the apparent absorption and retention of Se and availability of other nutrients. Growth performance was not affected by dietary sources and levels of Se. No growth retardation was observed in the 0.5 mg/kg dietary Se treatment group regardless of Se sources. The Se concentration of serum in Se supplemented groups was increased compared with the control group (p<0.01). During the growing and finishing phase, Se in serum was clearly increased when organic Se was provided (p<0.01). Interaction of Se source ${\times}$ Se level was observed in Se concentration of loin, liver and pancreas of the pigs at the end of experiment. Selenium retention in the liver, kidney, pancreas and loin of pigs was increased as dietary Se level increased and was higher when pigs were fed organic Se resulting in an interaction response (p<0.01). Nutrient digestibilities were not affected by dietary Se sources or levels. No dietary Se source ${\times}$ Se level interaction was observed in nutrient digestibility. The results from this experiment indicated that dietary Se sources and levels affected the distribution of Se in the body of growing-finishing pigs. Organic source of Se, such as Se-enriched yeast resulted in higher serum and tissue Se concentration compared to inorganic form, while no beneficial effects on nutrient digestibility were observed from dietary Se supplementation in growing-finishing pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.323-328
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• 2000

The administration of soluble glass bolus (SGB) with cobalt (Co), selenium (Se) and copper (Cu), among 50 upgraded does in the farm of Central Luzon State University, Philippines, was effective in improving the mineral status of the animals. After one year, blood Se and plasma Cu had been significantly increased; subsequently plasma molybdenum (Mo) level had been reduced, but other macro-minerals were not affected. Soluble glass bolus supplementation did not affect plasma calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sodium (Na), although the treated does had higher plasma phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and zinc (Zn) in some parts of the year. Hematocrit count of the animals was also improved reaching 32% level after 9 months; although it was still 6% below the lower limit of a normal range of 38 to 45%. The desired improvement in Se, Cu and Mo was not able to influence live weight among the animals. After one year, body weight was not significantly different from the control group of animals. Nevertheless, the study showed the effectiveness of SGB in improving Cu and Se levels, and subsequently reducing the plasma Mo levels of grazing goats in a typical Philippine farm.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.11-25
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• 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a composite feed additive (CFA) consisting of vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and choline on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat properties of Hanwoo steers. Twenty-two late fattening steers were randomly assigned to one of two dietary groups, control (commercial concentrate + rice straw) and treatment (commercial concentrate + rice straw + 50 g of CFA). Average daily gain (ADG) was 4.0% higher in treatment than that in control; however, there was no statistically significant difference. The supplementation of CFA had no effect on overall yield or quality traits of carcass. CFA had no effect on chemical composition, water holding capacity, shear force, cooking loss, or myoglobin values in longissimus muscle; however, the content of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol was increased by supplementation of CFA (p < 0.01). The contents of ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid and n-3 fatty acids were higher in treatment group than in control (p < 0.01). The ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acids was decreased by supplementation of CFA (p < 0.01). The supplementation of CFA had no effect on pH or thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values in longissimus muscle (raw); however, TBARS (cooked) values were lower in treatment group than in control during refrigerated storage (p < 0.01). Thus, the results indicate that the supplementation of CFA (vitamin C + vitamin E + selenium + choline) had some positive effects on the increase in ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and n-3 fatty in longissimus muscle, without any negative effect on growth performance or carcass characteristics of late fattening Hanwoo steers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.476-484
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• 1992

The influence of selenuium deficiency and fish oil on lipid peoxidation status and fatty acid composition of tissues(plasma aorta and liver) was studied. Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed for eight weeks semipurified diets containing 7% corn oil(by weight) or 5, 5% fish oil(MaxEPA) plus 1.5% corn oil with oil with or without selenium status (glutathione peroxidase activity and selenium levels) were significantly lower in the rats given inadequate selenium in plasma aorta (p<0.02 and p<0.001 respectively) gut not that in plasma Selenium supplementation decreased hepatic MDA levels(p<0.02) Increases in the levels of 20:5(n-3) 22:5(n-3), 22:6(n-3) 20:3(n-6) and a decrease in the level of 20:4(n-6) were observed in plasma total lipids and aortic and hepatic phospholipids when fish oil was fed. Though selenium supplementation increased the level of n-3 fatty acids(such as 22:6(n-3)) in plsama and the aorta is overall effect was smaller than the effect of fish oil feeding. These data suggest that selenium may play a significant but minor role in protecting against lipid peroxide-tion even when vitamin E intakes are in excess of current recommendations in both corn oil and fish oil diets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1695-1699
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• 2004

The antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation and free radicals assessment were made of the effects of selenium, copper and magnesium on bovine endemic fluorosis under high fluoride, low selenium and low copper productive conditions. Thirty-two beef cattle were selected from high fluoride area, and randomly divided into four groups with eight cattle each as follows: (1) high fluoride control group (HFC); (2) supplemented group with 0.25 mg/kg selenium (HFSe); (3) supplemented group with 15 mg/kg copper (HFCu) and (4) supplemented group with 0.25 mg/kg selenium+15 mg/kg copper+1 mg/kg magnesium (HFSeCuMg) per day for 83 days. Moreover, eight beef cattle were selected from non-high fluoride area as normal control group. Blood samples were collected from cattle on 0 d, 30 d and 83 d respectively, to analyze the enzyme activities and concentration of GSH-px, CAT, SOD, MDA and free radicals. The results showed that the contents of free radicals and MDA in HFC group were significantly higher, and the whole blood GSH-px, CAT, erythrocyte SOD activities were lower than the normal control group. Free radicals, metabolic imbalance and antioxidant disorder therefore, play an important role in fluorosis. However, GSH-px, CAT and SOD activities in HFSe group and HFSeCuMg group at 30 d and 83 d were markedly higher than the same groups at the 0 d and the HFC group at the same time. Likewise, there was a corresponding reduction in the contents of free radicals and MDA. These findings indicated that supplementation with selenium, copper and magnesium elevated high fluoride bovine antioxidant enzymes, and decreased MDA and free radicals contents. But, the activities of supplementation selenium group did not increase until day 83. These results demonstrated that fluorosis was associated with lower serum Se and Cu levels than in the control, and it was therefore concluded that fluorosis is associated with decreased serum levels of these minerals. Long-term high fluoride intake under productive condition enhances oxidative stress in the blood, thereby disturbing the antioxidant defense of cattle. Increased oxidative stress could be one of the mediating factors in the pathogenesis of toxic manifestations of fluoride. It is benefical for high fluoride cattle supplemented with proper selenium, copper and magnesium to increase fluoride excretion and obtain the protective impact of the activity of oxidative enzymes, and to decrease lipid peroxidation and free radicals contents.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.108-114
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• 2002

The effects of dietary vitamin E and selenium(Se) supplementation on meat color stability in M. Longissimus of Hanwoo(Korean native cattle) bull beef during retail display(5$^{\circ}C$, 1,200 lux) were investigated. Experimental groups were divided into control(Vit E 27 IU/head/day, Se 0.09 mg/head/day), Vit E (2,500 IU/head/day), Se(20 mg/head/day), Vit E+Se(Vit E 2,500 IU/head/day, Se 20 mg/head/day) groups. CIE a*(redness), chroma(C*) values, oxymyoglobin(%) and R630-R580 were significantly (p<0.05) decreased among the 4 treatment groups during retail display, in particular, those values decreased more rapidly in the control group. The metmyoglobin (%) of 0 day(before storage) was not significantly (p<0.05) different among the 4 treatment groups. However, the rate of metmyoglobin accumulation during storage increased more rapidly in the control group. Therefore, discoloration in the control group was more accelerated compared to the other groups. TBARS(thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) which represent lipid rancidity was significantly(p<0.05) lower in Se and Vit E+Se groups than in the control and Vit E groups. Reducing ability of 0 day(before storage) was significantly lower in the control group than in the other groups, and it decreased more rapidly in the control group after 3 days of storage. Consequently, Se-supplemented groups(Se and Vit E+Se groups) were more resistant to lipid oxidation than were the control and Vit E groups. The stability of meat color and myoglobin forms(%) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in Vit E, Se and Vit E+Se groups than in the control group, but there were no difference among Vit E, Se and Vit E+Se groups.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.245-254
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of P/S ratio of fatty acid and antioxidant (vitamin E, selenium) supplements on the serum lipid levels and hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity in rats. Female 16-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 6 different experimental diets for 4 weeks. While the peroxidizability index (PI) levels of fatty acids in the experimental diets were fixed at 81.22, the levels of P/S ratio of fatty acids were formulated at 0.38, 1.00, 4.81 (LP, MP, HP). These diets were supplemented with vitamin E (1,000 mg/kg diet) and selenium (2.5 mg/kg diet) (LP-S, MP-S, HP-S). This study showed that the serum concentrations of total-cholesterol and HDL-C increased with the increasing of the P/S ratio in the diet (p <0.05). Antioxidant supplementation significantly lowered the concentrations of triglyceride (TG) and VLDL-C of serum (p<0.05). Levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in the liver tended to decrease with the increasing of the P/S ratio in the diet (p<0.001), but antioxidant enzyme activity in the liver was not significantly different. In addition, antioxidant supplementation significantly lowered TBARS level in the liver (p<0.05), but had no effect on antioxidant enzyme activity except for glutathione reductase (p<0.05). In conclusion, it is necessary to consider the properties of dietary fatty acids and antioxidants supplementation for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.1725-1732
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of selenium benefits on the physiological responses, litter performance, blood profiles and milk composition of lactating sows and tissue concentration of their progeny when mixed form of selenium was provided in a lactation diet. Methods: A total of 45 multiparous sows (Yorkshire×Landrace) with similar body weight, backfat thickness, and parity were assigned to one of three treatments with 15 sows per treatment in a completely randomized design. Organic and inorganic selenium were mixed and added to the diet at 0.15 ppm and 0.25 ppm, respectively. A non-Se-fortified corn-soybean meal basal diet served as a negative control. Treatments were as follows: i) Control: corn-soybean meal based diet, ii) ISOS15: control+ inorganic Se 0.15 ppm+organic Se 0.15 ppm, iii) ISOS25: control+inorganic Se 0.25 ppm+organic Se 0.25 ppm. Results: Serum selenium concentrations of sows and piglets were increased by the supplemental Se mixture at 7 days of lactation compared with the control (p<0.01, respectively). The kidney and muscle selenium concentrations of piglets were increased by the supplemental Se mixture at 21 days of lactation compared with the control (p = 0.03; p = 0.04, respectively). Conclusion: Consequently, supplementation with mixed inorganic and organic selenium in a lactating diet could improve the selenium status of sows and piglets; no differences were observed among the mixing levels.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.91-96
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• 1994

This study was conducted to determine the effect of inorganic selenium (Se) sources on rumen bacterial yield, ruminal volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and total tract digestion of timothy hay (Phlewm pratense L.) in Japanese Corriedale wethers. A $3{\times}3$ Latin square design was used with three wethers, three periods and three treatments. In each period, there was 7 d dietary adjustment followed by 5 d total collection of urine and feces. Ruminal fluid samples were obtained at 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 h postprandially on the final day of the collection period. The three dietary treatments were: (1) without Se supplementation (control); (2) with Se supplementation as sodium selenate; and (3) sodium selenite at a rate 0.2 mg Se/kg dietary DM. The basal diet was timothy hay fed at 2% of body weight/d. Results indicated that there was slight decrease in rumen bacterial yield of animal supplement with inorganic Se, however, differences over the control were insignificant. It was found that Se content of ruminal fluid was negatively correlated (p < 0.05) to rumen bacterial yield. The various VFA contents and acetate and propionate ratio of the different ruminal fluid samples were insignificant across treatment means and the same manner was observed to the different digestibilities (DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF and NDS). This study concludes that Se supplementation at 0.2 mg Se/kg dietary DM either from sodium selenate or sodium selenite could not significantly influence rumen bacterial functions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1577-1582
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• 2013

The effects of dietary supplementation of selenium (Se), iodine (I), and a combination of both on the blood haematology, serum free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) hormones and glutathione peroxidase enzyme (GSH-Px) activity were examined on twenty four (7 to 8 months old, $22{\pm}1.17$ kg live weight) Kacang crossbred male goats. Animals were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments (6 animals in each group). Throughout 100 d of feeding trial, the animals of control group (CON) received a basal diet, while the other three groups were offered basal diet supplemented with 0.6 mg/kg diet DM Se (SS), or 0.6 mg/kg diet DM I (PI), or a combination of both Se and I, each at 0.6 mg/kg diet DM (SSPI). The haematological attributes which are haemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), mean cell volume (MCV), white blood cells (WBC), band neutrophils (B Neut), segmented neutrophils (S Neut), lymphocytes (Lymph), monocytes (Mono), eosinophils (Eosin) and basophils (Baso) were similar among the four treatment groups, while serum levels of Se and I increased significantly (p<0.05) in the supplemented groups. The combined dietary supplementation of Se and I (SSPI) significantly increased serum FT3 in the supplemented animals. Serum GSH-Px activity increased significantly in the animals of SS and SSPI groups. It is concluded that the dietary supplementation of inorganic Se and I at a level of 0.6 mg/kg DM increased serum Se and I concentration, FT3 hormone and GSH-Px activity of Kacang crossbred male goats.