• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2020

This study reviewed selected specific windows and reviewed the window performance certification criteria including KS F 2278 and KS L 9107 and analyzed the change in performance based on the change of area. This study also compared the heating and cooling loads of an apartment house applied with window performance reviewed in consideration of insulation and SHGC performance and actual size based on KS F 2278. The analyzed window was a double window composed of aluminum and PVC and the building was the apartment house model of 141 ㎡. The analysis results were as follows. First, as the window glass's thermal performance is superior to frame, the performance degraded in reduced area. In case of selected window, the 1 m × 1m window's thermal performance and SHGC decreased by 35% and 37% respectively compared to 2 m × 2 m window. Secondly, in the comparison of performance for increasing area with 2 m × 2 m and 3 m × 3 m windows, the 3 m × 3 m window's thermal performance and SHCG increased about 14%. Third, in the comparison of heating and cooling loads of the analyzed model considering the apartment house model applied with window performance derived from KS F 2278 and actual figures, the model's total heating and cooling loads increased by 33% with cooling decreasing by 36% and heating increasing by 77%. Above analysis results show that evaluation of window performance based on criteria such as KS F 2278 and KS L 9107 may lead to distortion of performances different from actual products. Thus, it is necessary to suggest new evaluation criteria.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.55-68
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 영상의 동질성 문턱 값(Homogeneity Threshold:$H_T$)을 이용한 영상분할방법에서 영상의 과분할 발생을 해결하기 위한 개선된 영상분할 방법을 제안한다. $H_T$을 기반으로 한 영역성장(Region Growth) 알고리듬은 선택된 윈도우의 중심화소만을 사용하기 때문에 과 분할이 발생하였으나, 제안한 방법에서는 선택된 윈도우에 대한 동질성 여부를 조사하여 동질성을 만족할 경우 선택된 윈도우 화소전체를 영역병합에 사용하고 선택 윈도우가 동질성 윈도우를 만족하지 않을 때에는 윈도우의 중심화소를 사용함으로써 영역의 과 분할을 현저하게 줄일 수 있었다. 제안한 방법의 타당성을 보이기 위하여 기존방법과 동일한 영상을 동일한 조건으로 실험하였으며, 그 결과 제안한 방법은 기존 방법에 비해 영역의 개수를 40% 이상 줄이면서도 시각적으로 영상의 품질에 차이가 없음을 볼 수 있었다. 특히 분할된 영역의 크기순으로 결합한 영상을 가지고 비교 했을 때, 기존방법에서는 분할된 영역의 큰 영역으로부터 1,000개 이상의 영역을 결합하여도 어떠한 영상인지 구분하기가 힘들었으나, 제안한 방법에서는 10개 내외의 영역만 결합하여도 어떠한 이미지인지 식별할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 제안한 방법은 특정 영상으로부터의 객체 추출이나 정보검색 혹은 해부학이나 생물학 분야의 연구 및 영상 시각화와 애니메이션 등 다양한 분야에서 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2010

In this study, the most stable portion was identified using 5% moving window during /a/ sustained phonation in normal and pathologic voice signals and the perturbation values were compared between normal and pathologic voices at the mid-point and at the most stable portion using moving window, respectively. The results revealed that some severe pathologic voice signals can be eligible for perturbation analysis by identifying the most stable portion with Err less than 10. In addition, the perturbation acoustic parameters did not differentiate the pathologic voice signals from the normal voice signals when the mid-point was selected to measure the perturbation analysis(p>0.05). However, significantly higher %shimmer and lower SNR values were observed in pathologic voices (p<0.05) when the most stable portion was selected by moving window. In conclusion, moving window could identify the most stable portion objectively which can allow toget the minimum perturbation values (%jitter, %shimmer) and maximum SNR values. Thus, moving window technique can be applicable for more reliable and accurate perturbation acoustic analysis.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2007년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2007
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• pp.580-583
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• 2007

Various matching methods have been introduced by investigators to improve digital elevation model (DEM) accuracy of satellite imagery. This study proposed an area-based matching method according to land cover property using correlation coefficient of pixel brightness value between the two images for DEM generation from IKONOS stereo imagery. For this, matching line (where "matching line" implies straight line that is approximated to complex nonlinear epipolar geometry) is established by exterior orientation parameters to minimize search area. The matching is carried out based on this line. Land cover classes are divided off into water, urban land, forest and agricultural land. Matching size is selected using a correlation-coefficient image in the four areas. The selected sizes are $81{\times}81$ pixels window, $21{\times}21$ pixels window, $119{\times}119$ pixels window and $51{\times}51$ pixels window in the water area, urban land, forest land and agricultural land, respectively. And hence, DEM is generated from IKONOS stereo imagery using the selected matching sizes and land cover map on the four types.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.10-15
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to analysis the Heating/cooling performance of Solar Window System built in apartments. The solar window is the idea to integrate daylight as a third form of solar energy into a PV/Solar Collector system and allows more control due to the possibility to close the reflectors. However, there can be a conflict between the desire for on one hand daylight and view and on the other hand optimal energy conversion for the PV/Solar Collector system. The process of this study is as follows: 1) The Solar Window system is designed through the investigation of previous paper and work. 2)The simulation program(ESP-r, Therm5.0, Window6.0) was used in energy performance analysis. The reference model of simulation was made up to analysis energy performance on Solar Window system. 3)Selected reference model(Floors:15, Area of Unit:$148.5m^2$) for heating/cooling energy analysis, Energy performance simulation with various variants, such as U-value of Solar Window system according to its position and angle. Consequently, When Solar Window system is equipped with balcony window of Apartment, Annual heating and cooling energy of reference model was cut down about 5%~11%.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.65.2-65.2
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to analysis the Heating/cooling performance of Solar Window built in apartments. The solar window is the idea to integrate daylight as a third form of solar energy into a PV/Solar Collector system and allows more control due to the possibility to close the reflectors. However, there can be a conflict between the desire for on one hand daylight and view and on the other hand optimal energy conversion for the PV/Solar Collector system. The process of this study is as follows: 1) The Solar Window system is designed through the investigation of previous paper and work. 2)The simulation program(ESP-r, Therm5.0, Window6.0) was used in Heating/cooling performance analysis. The reference model of simulation was made up to analysis Heating/cooling performance on Solar Window. 3)Selected reference model(Floors:15, Area of Unit:$148.5m^2$) for heating energy analysis, Energy performance simulation with various variants, such as U-value of Solar Window system according to its position and angle. Consequently, When Solar Window system is equipped with balcony window of Apartment, Annual heating and cooling energy of reference model was cut down about 5%~11%.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study is to calculate U-factor of the window using international standard methods and compare quantitative and tendency difference focused on ISO standard 15099 and ISO standard 10077. And the result of ISO standard calculation methods is verified using thermal performance experiment to evaluate applicability of domestic certification system. This study is utilized a basis for activation of domestic window certification system. Method: First, 16 cases are selected that is combined a variety of frame, Glazing, spacer, etc. The selected cases were simulated using WINDOW&THERM based on ISO 15099 and 10077 calculation method. Second, experiment was conducted based on Korean standard condition. Then, it was compared the error of experiment and simulation results. Through this process, ISO 15099 and 10077 calculation methods were evaluated accuracy and utilization. Result: The results show that the difference of ISO 15099 and ISO 10077-2 is maximum 5.4%. The results of comparing U-factor errors based on the Korea standard experiment test found 2.4%. Consequently, it will be possible to combination calculation methods of ISO 15099 and ISO 10077 for a single window.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.631-642
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• 2017

Accurate actuator tracking plays an important role in real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) to ensure accurate and reliable experimental results. Frequency-domain evaluation index (FEI) interprets actuator tracking into amplitude and phase errors thus providing a promising tool for quantitative assessment of real-time hybrid simulation results. Previous applications of FEI successfully evaluated actuator tracking over the entire duration of the tests. In this study, FEI with moving window technique is explored to provide post-experiment localized actuator tracking assessment. Both moving window with and without overlap are investigated through computational simulations. The challenge is discussed for Fourier Transform to satisfy both time domain and frequency resolution for selected length of moving window. The required data window length for accuracy is shown to depend on the natural frequency and structural nonlinearity as well as the ground motion input for both moving windows with and without overlap. Moving window without overlap shows better computational efficiency and has potential for future online evaluation. Moving window with overlap however requires much more computational efforts and is more suitable for post-experiment evaluation. Existing RTHS data from Network Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) is utilized to further demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches. It is demonstrated that with proper window size, FEI with moving window techniques enable accurate localized evaluation of actuator tracking for real-time hybrid simulation.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.330-335
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• 2008

This research aims to investigate the standards and the performances of domestic and foreign windows for and apartment house and to present fundamental data for selecting the optimum window at the step of designing an apartment house. To compare the performances of domestic and foreign windows it is selected 5 major window companies in and 3 major window companies in Japan, and investigated window structure, material, type of opening and closing, window glass and the performances of windows for an apartment house-closing and opening force, repeated closing and opening, thermal resistance, sound transmission loss, air tightness, water tightness, wind resistance. The result of a comparative analysis show that the average thermal resistance of Korean window is higher than Japan's but the average sound transmission loss and water tightness of Korean window is lower than Japan's and the rest of the performances is similar.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.23-40
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• 2014

This paper measures the operational efficiency of domestic online game companies and analyze its trends and patterns by using data envelopment analysis (DEA). DEA is a non-parametric approach to measuring the relative efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs) with multiple inputs and outputs. 14 online game companies are selected as DMUs and three inputs (number of employees, capital and asset) and three outputs (sales, operating profit and net profit) are selected as DEA variables. First, the output-oriented BCC model and super-efficiency model are employed to measure the static operational efficiency of the online game companies from 2003 to 2012. We also conduct the dynamic analysis with DEA window model to capture the trends of their operational efficiency influenced by internal and external environmental changes. The results are expected to provide fruitful implications for strategic decision making of online game companies and policy making for the online game industry.