• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.135-140
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• 1980

참깨종자의 종자전염균을 조사아던중, 우리나라에서는 미기록인 Macrophomina phaseolina가 12개 sample중 7개 sample에서 검출되었다. 본 균의 종자 종자상에서의 생육상 및 병자각과 병포자의 형태를 기술하였다. 본 균의 병자각형성에는 광선이 필순조건이었으나 PDA나 OA배지상에서는 병자각이 형성되지 않았고 물한천잎배지상에서 병자각이 많이 형성되었다. 본 균은 참깨종자의 심한 발아저해와 입고가 원인이 되었고 감자괴경에 탄부병징을 나타내었다. 목 균은 월동후의 참깨식물의 잔재와 포장의 이병유균에서도 검출되었다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.330-336
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• 2010

5-Aminolevulinate (ALA) is well-known as an essential biosynthetic precursor of all tetrapyrrole compounds, which has been suggested to improve plant salt tolerance by exogenous application. In this work, the gene encoding aminolevulinate synthase (ALA-S) in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hem1) was introduced into the genome of Arabidopsis controlled by the Arabidopsis thaliana HemA1 gene promoter. All transgenic lines were able to transcribe the YHem1 gene, especially under light condition. The chimeric protein (YHem1-EGFP) was found co-localizing with the mitochondria in onion epidermal cells. The transgenic Arabidopsis plants could synthesize more endogenous ALA with higher levels of metabolites including chlorophyll and heme. When the $T_2$ homozygous seeds were cultured under NaCl stress, their germination and seedling growth were much better than the wild type. Therefore, introduction of ALA-S gene led to higher level of ALA metabolism with more salt tolerance in higher plants.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 1975

1. 포장에서 벼, 잎집썩음병 이병율은 일본형장려품종에는 거의 전무였으나 대체로 인도형품종 및 IR계통 또는 품종은 경-중도였다. 모든 공시품종 또는 계통은 종자에 접종하면 감염되었다. 실내에서 종자접한 결과는 몇 예외를 제외하고 포장에서의 이병율과 대체로 비슷하였다. 2. 벼, 잎집썩음병균의 배양여액은 벼, 보리, 밀, 호밀, 유채의 초엽 및 유근의 생육을 억제하였다. 특히 벼품종 통일은 진흥보다 현저히 초엽 및 유근의 생육이 억제되었다. 3. 병균 배양여액은 도열병균의 포자발아를 억제하였으나 깨씨무늬병균에는 영향이 없었다.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.292-297
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• 1995

We developed an in vitro assay method for evaluating plant growth promotion and providing an evidence that the growth promotion is rendered by growth enhancing factors. The amendment of culture filtrates of Trichoderma harzianum T95 and Gliocladium virens G872 and G872B in Murashige and Skoog (MS) agar medium enhanced the cotyledon growth of cucumber in terms of fresh weight and primary leaf area of cucumber cotyledon cuttings, of which the treatment of G. virens G872B was the most effective. The mycelial culture filtrate of G872B was more effective in the growth promotion than its conidial germling filtrate. The addition of 1% sucrose in MS mineral medium with 0.1% culture filtrates of the antagonists (T95 and G872B) was optimum for enhancing the effect of the filtrates on the growth of cotyledon cuttings in vitro. When cucumber seeds treated with G872B, Pseudomonas putida Pf3 or the G872B-Pf3 mixture were planted in a greenhouse, the rate of seed germination, biomass of shoot and root, and yield of cucumber fruits were increased, especially by G872B or the G872B-Pf3 mixture. Correspondingly, cucumber fruit yields in early to middle-cycles of harvest were significantly greater in the plots of G872B than the control and Pf3-treated plots, and the final yield was highest in the plots of the G872B-Pf3 mixture applications.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2008

Swertia chirata is an endangered gentian species that prefers to grow at higher altitudes. This ethnomedicinal herb is known primarily for its bitter taste caused by the presence of important phytochemicals that are directly associated with human health benefits. Due to a continuous loss of habitat and inherent problems of seed viability and seed germination, alternative strategies for propagation and conservation are urgently required to prevent the possible extinction of this species. We have formulated a reproducible protocol for the rapid propagation and conservation of this plant using leaves taken from in vitro shoot cultures. Direct induction of more than seven shoot buds per explant was achieved for the first time when the explants were placed on MS medium supplemented with $2.22{\mu}M$ N-6-benzyladenine, $11.6{\mu}M$ kinetin, and $0.5{\mu}M$ ${\alpha}-naphthalene$ acetic acid. Direct organogenesis was noted exclusively from the adaxial surface of the basal segments of leaves. Leaves closer to the apical meristem were more responsive than those farther away from the meristem. Plants raised through direct organogenesis were evaluated for their clonal fidelity by chromosomal analysis and DNA fingerprinting. Complete plants were successfully transferred to the field condition and produced viable seeds. Given the enormous potential of this age-old medicinal plant in terms of potential health-benefitting drugs, this protocol can be used for commercial propagation purposes and to initiate future genetic improvement studies.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.56-61
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• 1989

1. 콩과식물인 자귀나무와 박태기나무 종자의 발아 및 휴면을 조사해본 결과 자귀나무 종자의 휴면은 종피의 불투수성에 기인하는 것으로 밝혀졌으나, 박태기나무 종자의 휴면은 발아억제물질에 의한 것으로 사료 되었다. 2. 박대기 나무 종자에 함유된 발아억제물질은 온도에 매우 안정적이며 추출직후부터 양상치종자의 말아 및 초기생육시 뿌리의 발육을 적은 량으로도 뚜렷이 억제하는 효과를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2009

Seed storage lipids of plants, essential for seed germination as energy supplier, have been used for humankind and animal as nutrition sources. Fatty acids of vegetable oils have the characters appropriate for industry based on their chain length, the position and the number of double bonds. So they are used as raw materials for lubricants, cosmetics, soaps, paints and plastics or as energy source such as bio-diesel. However, there is a limit that applies vegetable oils from typical oil crops for industrial uses, mainly because of the mixture of five common fatty acids. Therefore, identification of unusual fatty acids for industrial uses from diverse plant resources and metabolic engineering to produce unusual fatty acids have been carried out in Arabidopsis as a model for the study of oilseed biology. Here, we discuss the unusual fatty acids for industrial uses, the genes synthesizing them in lipid metabolism, and the current limits in production of transgenic plants accumulating unusual fatty acid in their seeds. In addition, we describe our work on metabolic engineering of Brassica napus for the production of the unusual fatty acid ricinoleic acid in the seed, because of its industrial uses.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.141-146
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• 2007

The roots of Aristolochia elegans Mast.(Aristolochiaceae) are widely used in Mexican traditional medicine as a remedy for scorpion venom. Current experimental evidence supports its purported antidote properties. However, collection from the wilderness has lead to local extinction of natural populations. In order to contribute to species preservation, cultivation, and standardization of morphological and pharmacological properties, a micropropagation method was developed. This includes in-vitro germination of seeds to produce aseptic plantlets, induction of multiple budding, and acclimatization. The treatment with benzylamino purine(10 ${\mu}M$) induced the highest number of buds(3.1 on average) in both types of explants. On the other hand, indolebutyric acid(1.5 ${\mu}M$) caused the highest root index(11.8) per explant. One hundred percent of the micropropagated plantlets developed vigorously after the acclimatization process.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.29-42
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• 2020

Acidovorax citrulli causes bacterial fruit blotch in Cucurbitaceae, including watermelon. Although A. citrulli is a seed-borne pathogen, it can cause diverse symptoms in other plant organs like leaves, stems and fruits. To determine the infection routes of A. citrulli, we examined the virulence of six isolates (Ac0, Ac1, Ac2, Ac4, Ac8, and Ac11) on watermelon using several inoculation methods. Among six isolates, DNA polymorphism reveals that three isolates Ac0, Ac1, and Ac4 belong to Clonal Complex (CC) group II and the others do CC group I. Ac0, Ac4, and Ac8 isolates efficiently infected seeds during germination in soil, and Ac0 and Ac4 also infected the roots of watermelon seedlings wounded prior to inoculation. Infection through leaves was successful only by three isolates belonging to CC group II, and two of these also infected the mature watermelon fruits. Ac2 did not cause the disease in all assays. Interestingly, three putative type III effectors (Aave_2166, Aave_2708, and Aave_3062) with intact forms were only found in CC group II. Overall, our results indicate that A. citrulli can infect watermelons through diverse routes, and the CC grouping of A. citrulli was only correlated with virulence in leaf infection assays.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1-20
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• 1971

Ecological factors limiting Stipa pulchra have been determined in experimental gardens and at several sites in the hills south and east of Monterey, California. The Stipa pulchrafacies of Valley Grassland communities were found to be dominated by that species, though a total of 36 grasses and forbs were collected and identified. Basal area was not large, but aerial cover by Stipa alone averaged over 50 per cent. Across an ecotone between a Stipa association and the California Annual Type a sudden and dramatic change was recorded. Soil measurements there, and in other nearby areas, showed a much higher clay content with more available water and elemental phosphorus at the Stipa sites. Germination of Stipa seeds was high under all laboratory and field conditions, though growth of seeldings was highly variable. Seedlings grown in Stipa woil with an abundance of water were vigorous and reached anthesis the first year. In other soils they grew less, and when grown in competition with Avena fatua they scarcely grew at all. These findings indicate that when established on desirable soils, Stipa competes well and apparently precludes the dominance of Avena fatua and other large annual grasses. On the other hand, because of a lack of vigor in its seedlings, Stipa cannot reinvade the rich more friable soils on which it was once found, and on which it was shown to grow satisfactorily. This supports the contention that Sipa pulchra was the dominant grass through much of the Valley Grassland and Foothill Woodland, but also indicates that well-drained soils and those poor in mineral nutrients probalby never supported such associations.