• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.238-243
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• 2017

Background: The production method of ginseng seedlings for ginseng cultivation is very important to ensure healthy rooting system as well as high quality, and yield of the resultant plants. This study was carried out to compare the growth characteristics of 2-year-old ginseng plants that were produced from seedlings grown in self soil nursery (SSN), nursery soil (NS) or hydroponic culture (HC). Methods and Results: The shading prop used was composed of four-layered 4 polyethylene (blue 3 + black 1) shade screen. The management of main field was done by inserting oil cake (1,200 kg/10 a) and then allowing Sudan grass to grow for a year. Seedling transplantation was carried out on April 6. Root growth was measured on October 25. Root weight was observed to be excellent at 6.0 g, following SSN transplantation. Root length was 21.2 cm for HC seedlings, but these plants had a physiological disorder (i.e., rusty root), in 83.5% plants of this treatment. The ratio of PD/PT (protopanaxadiol saponins / protopanaxatriol saponins) was higher in NS seedlings. Plant analysis revealed that Fe content was lower in HC seedlings with high rustiness. The growth of 2-years-old ginseng was different following these varying seedling cultivation methods, but seedlings from NS were not different from those grown in SSN. Conclusions: For the propagation of 2-year-old ginseng plants, NS seedlings may be a good substitute for SSN seedlings.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.377-384
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• 2009

Three-year-old seedlings of susceptible Pinus densiflora and resistant Pinus x rigitaeda were each inoculated with the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, to compare disease development. Needle dehydration was evident on seedlings of P. densiflora by 20 days after inoculation, 10 days earlier than this symptom was observed on P. ${\times}$ rigitaeda. Xylem drying was more frequent in seedlings of P. densiflora than in that of P. ${\times}$ rigitaeda between 20 and 60 days after inoculation. No significant differences were found between P. densiflora and P. ${\times}$ rigitaeda for stem water content or for stem and leaf relative water content in current-year branches after nematode inoculation, but the average number of B. xylophilus recovered from stems differed significantly between the two groups. The number of B. xylophilus recovered from stems was negatively correlated with the stem water content and with stem and leaf relative water content. By the time the experiment was terminated at 60 days after inoculation, all 3 of the last group of P. densiflora seedlings had died, but 2 of the 3 remaining P. ${\times}$ rigitaeda hybrid seedlings were still alive. Additional studies are needed to further explore the specific mechanisms preventing nematode multiplication in the seedlings of resistant P. ${\times}$ rigitaeda.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.490-497
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• 2018

Background: The growth process of ginseng seedlings is very important in producing good quality ginseng. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of different microclimates on the growth characteristics of ginseng seedlings in a multi-layer bed facility. Methods and Results: Ginseng seedlings were cultivated in a three-layer bed facility. The air temperatures on the first and second floors were similar, while that on the third floor was about $1-4^{\circ}C$ higher than that on the other floors. The vapor pressure deficit (VPD) was higher inside than on the outside of the facility, and that on third floor was the highest in the multi-layer bed system. The photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll fluorescence, and growth characteristics of ginseng seedlings did not significantly differ among the three floors. The yield of ginseng seedlings was the highest at $721g/1.62m^2$ on the first floor. Conclusions: It was found that microclimate plays an important role in growing ginseng seedlings in multi-layer bed facilities, and therefore proper environmental control is important. In addition, producing ginseng seedlings using multi-layer bed facilities is a technology that is expected to provide a way to overcome climate change and stabilize ginseng production.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제87권3호
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• pp.429-444
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• 1998

Picea mariana 생장을 억제하는 Kalmia angustifolia에 영향을 주는 외생근균을 조사 선발하였다. 11개 외생근균중에서 19계통을 선발하여 Kalmia 잎침출물이 들어있는 배지에 P. mariana 치묘와 함께 근균을 접종하여 자라는 형태와 생장양상을 조사하였다. Kalmia 잎추출물을 첨가한 액체배지에서는 균사의 건중량을, 한천배지에서는 코로니의 직경을 측정한 결과 분리된 9개 균주에서는 현저하게 억제되었으나 나머지 10개 균주에서는 반대로 증가되거나 Kalmia의 영향이 나타나지 않았다. 배양배지의 pH가 3-4일 때는 생장을 억제 받는 근균도 있었으나 pH와 잎침출물을 조합한 조건하에서는 더욱 강하게 억제되었다. 분리된 13개 계통은 순수배양에서 Kalmia 잎침출물 25%와 함께 배양한 P. mariana에서 외생근균이 형성되었다. Paxillus involutus(NF4), Cenococcum geophilum(GB12), Laccaria laccata(GB23), E-strain(GB45)계통에서는 Kalmia 잎추출물 50%에서 배양한 결과 다른 계통보다 많은 외생근균이 형성이 되었다. 이러한 근균을 미리 접종한 P. mariana를 Kalmia 잎추출물과 같이 배양한 후 온실 안에서 4개월동안 Kalmia와 갈이 재배하였다. P. involutus, L. laccata 와 E-strain 미리 접종한 치묘에서는 많은 근균(흡수근외 77-91%)이 형성되었으나 C. geophilum를 미리 접종한 치묘에서는 근균이 비교적(흡수근의 32%) 적게 형성되었다. 외생균근이 대부분의 치묘에서 생겼음에도 불구하고 근균의 90% 이상이 접종근균에서 생겨났다. 근균의 지속적인 생장은 살아있는 Kalmia 식물개체에 영향을 받지 않았다. P. involutus, L.laccata와 E-strain과 같이 처리한 치묘 근균의 80% 이상과 C. geophilum을 처리한 치묘 근균의 53%가 접종된 균주의 영향을 받았다. 대조구에서는 토착균주에 의해 약 45%의 짧은 뿌리의 외생근균이 형성되었다. L. laccata와 C. geophidum는 Kalmia잎추출물과 같이 배양한 치묘의 근균행성을 촉진하였다. 균주를 접종한 경우 근균형성율은 pH5보다 pH4에서 4-15% 더 낮았으며 L. laccata를 접종한 경우 심하게 억제되었다. P. involtus에 접종한 치묘는 L. laccata를 E-strain를 접종한 치묘보다 줄기와 뿌리생장이 가장 높게 나타났다. P. involtus와 L. laccata를 접종한 치묘는 대조구의 치묘보다는 건중량이 많고 키가 훨씬 컸다. E-strain에 접종한 치묘는 대조구와 비교해서 1차 측근 수가 매우 작았으며 줄기 건중량은 매우 높게 나타났으나 다른 형질, 예를 들면 흡수근, 뿌리 건중량, 수고 등은 대조구와 크게 다르지 않았으나 C. geophilum에 접종한 치묘는 1차 측근수를 제외한 다른 생장 특징에서는 대조구와 크게 다르지 않았다.

• 한국국제농업개발학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.313-319
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• 2018

농산물 검역통계를 통해서 채소 모종 수출 현황과 채소 접목묘의 일본 선박 수송 시의 온도 및 상대습도 변화를 분석하여 국내 채소 모종 수출 연구와 정책 수립을 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 2007~2016년 사이 수출된 채소 모종은 배추, 양배추 등 엽채류 4종, 토마토, 오이 등 과채류 7종, 근채류 1종으로, 전세계 20여 국가에 46,146,536주(총 1,839건) 수출 되었다. 상업적 목적을 위한 채소 모종의 주요 수출국은 일본이었고, 2016년 기준 일본에 수출된 모종은 주로 과채류 접목묘인 가지, 토마토, 오이, 수박 및 고추 등으로 총 2,575,446주가 수출되었으며, 총 수출 금액으로는 0.7~1.6백만불로 추산된다. 일본으로 수출되는 접목묘는 도시농업용과 농가용으로 구분되고 있으며, 온도 $15{\sim}18^{\circ}C$의 냉장 컨테이너를 이용한 선박 수송은 포장 ${\rightarrow}$ 선적 ${\rightarrow}$ 검역(한국 부산항) ${\rightarrow}$ 검역(일본 시모노세키항) ${\rightarrow}$ 바이어 수령의 과정으로 대략 24시간 내외가 소요되고 있었다. 일본의 도시농업 발달로 인한 채소 모종 수요의 급격한 증가와 러시아 등 인근 국가들의 채소 접목묘에 대해 높아지고 있는 관심과 수요는 우리나라 채소 접목묘 수출 규모를 확대할 수 있는 기회가 될 것이다. 채소 모종 수출을 확대하기 위해서는 본 연구 결과를 기반으로 정확한 채소 모종수출 정보의 수집 및 분석이 이루어질 수 있도록 정부의 적극적인 정책 지원과 수출 전용 모종 생산, 모종 저장 및 수송 관련 기술 개발을 위한 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1997년도 동계 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.392-400
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• 1997

This study was conducted to develope the machine vision system of a robotic transplanter for bedding plants. Specific objectives of this study were 1) to get coordinates of the healthy seedlings except empty cells and bad seedlings in high-density plug tray, and 2) to get the angle of the leaves of the healthy seedlings to avoid damage to the seedlings by gripper. The results of this study are summarized as follows. (1) The machine vision system of a robotic transplanter was developed. (2) The success rates of detecting empty cell and bad seedlings in 72-cell and 128-cell plug trays were 98.8% and 94.9% respectively. (3) The success rates of calculating the angle of leaves in 72-cell and 128-cell plug trays were 93.5% and 91.0% respectively.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.235-245
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• 1989

The contents and the compositions of total free amino acids were investigated in the rice(Oryza sativa L. cv. Chuncheong) seedlings under low temperatures. Activities of some enzymes associated with the markedly changed amino acid content were also investigaetd. Under low temperature, the contents of soluble protein and the total free amino acids increased, while the content of total nitrogen decreased. Although asparagine＋glycine were the most abundant amino acid speceis in the rice seedlings at the control temeprature, low temperature treatment for 3days brought about the decrease in their amount to about 60% level of the control plants. On the other hand, alanine showed the highest increase in the content among all the free amino acids, though glutamine, proline, asprtic acid, valine and tyrosine also increased after low temperature treatment. To eludicate the decrease of asparagine＋glycine level under low temperature, the activities of asparagine aminotransferase and asparaginase which metabolize asparagine were investigated in the rice seedlings under low temperature. The activity of asparaginase increased markedly, while that of asparagine aminotransferase decreased under low temperatures. Therefore, it was suggested that asparaginase metabolizes asparagine predominatly in the rice seedlings under low temperatures.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the acclimation responses of Tamarix chinensis to cold stress. We evaluated the acclimation responses by measuring biomass, daily elongation rate, chlorophyll content, and total soluble carbohydrate content. The plant samples comprised leaves from seedlings of 2 different ages (8 and 12 weeks); the leaves were collected 0, 2, and 4 weeks after cold treatment. We found that the cold-treated samples showed reduced daily elongation rates and chlorophyll content. Further, these samples showed more than 8-fold increase in the total soluble carbohydrate content. However, the seedling ages did not have a significant influence on the growth of cold-treated seedlings. On the basis of these findings, we can conclude that T. chinensis seedlings aged less than 1 year old show acclimation to cold stress by accumulating soluble carbohydrates. This study may help us understand how T. chinensis seedlings acclimatize to their first cold season.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.141-152
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to know the effects of foliar applicated bio-enzyme on the early growth of cucumber and red pepper seedlings. Bio-enzyme was manufactured by the culture and proliferation of Bacillus genus and foliar applicated by the concentration of 0.075, 0.15, 0.3 g.$\ell$-1. Foliar application of bio-enzyme had great influenced to the early growth both cucumber and red pepper seedlings. Optimum concentrations of bio-enzyme applicated for the growth of plant height were determined as of 0.075 g.$\ell$-1 in cucumber but in red pepper seedlings 0.15g.$\ell$-1 was more favored. However, foliar application of 0.15g.$\ell$-1 of bio-enzyme was recommended for both cucumber and red pepper seedlings. Especially, leaf area and total dry weight which are main indices of good seedling were highest in the plot of standard concentrations(0.15g.$\ell$-1)of bio-enzyme.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2011

An efficient transient expression system has been developed and characterized for the production of foreign genes in seedlings. The seedlings can be easily produced from commercial seeds used for vegetable sprouts. In principal, a chemical abrasive was employed to generate wounds in seedlings prior to vacuum-infiltration with Agrobacterium tumefaciens bearing the target gene. This optimized chemical wounding-assisted agro-infiltration process resulted in up to 15-fold increase in $\beta$-glucuronidase (GUS) enzyme activity. This procedure has been used efficiently to express hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) protein in a transient mode. Therefore, seedlings with proper wounds can be suggested as a convenient tool for the production of useful recombinant proteins.