• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.46-56
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• 1997

Based on the principal component analysis (PCA) of Richards' parameter estimates, ginseng field soils were grouped as the principal component 1 (PC1) and the principal component 2 (PC2). The microflora and physico-chemical characteristics of each soil group were compared to elucidate soil environmental factors affecting the disease development of root rot of ginseng seedling. Among 3 soil groups by PC1, there were differences in the populations of total fungi (TF) and Cylindrocarpon plus Fusarium (C+F), and the population ratio of Cylindrocarpon plus Fusarium to total fungi or total bacteria (C+F/TF, C+F/TB) in rhizoplane of ginseng seedlings, the population of total actinomycetes (TA) and the population ratio of total Fusarium to total actinomycetes (Fus/TA) in soil, and soil chemical properties (EC, NO3-N, K, Mn, ect.). Among 4 soil groups by PC2, there were differences in TF, C+F, TB, C+F/TF and C+F/TB in the rhizoplane, Trichoderma plus Gliocladium (T+G) in soil, and P2O5 content in soil. Especially, EC, NO3-N, K, K/Mg and Mn were positively correlated to PC1, and TA was negatively to PC1; however, TF, C+F, TB, C+F/TF and C+F/TB in the rhizoplane were significantly correlated to PC2 positively. On the other hand, microbes in the rhizoplane were not significantly correlated to the stand-missing rate (SMR), although TA and Fe/Mn were negatively correlated, and pH and Ca were positively correlated to SMR.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2009

Corylopsis coreana Uyeki is endemic species in the Korean peninsula and is designated a Category Endangered Plant Species by the Wildlife Protection Act of South Korea. We developed the plan and cooperative model within the local community for the species conservation. In order to carry out this plan we first investigated the ecological characteristics of the species. The species shows patterns of discontinuous distribution and is coupled with the unusual feature of only growing on northern exposed slopes. Although Corylopsis coreana is cut the stem every year, many new sprouts are still grown from the root. Natural germination of the seed occurs only on north-facing slopes, but not on south-facing slopes at spring. That is, the species is highly influenced by soil moisture until the seedling stage has been reached. This factor limits the distribution of the species. When saplings are planted on south-facing slopes, they grow well. The information we gathered greatly helped with efforts to draw up conservation plans. In addition, when the information was shared with the local community, builders and residents showed great interest and displayed a will to help with conservation efforts. Therefore, a cooperative model within the local community was drawn up for the conservation of the species. Accordingly this model could be applied at mitigation measure at environment impact assessment.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.211-216
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• 2001

In an effort to investigate the germination and growth characteristics of tannin containing forage crops (such as chicory, birdsfoot trefoil, Lotus pedunculatus, sulla, lespedeza, crownvetch, sainfoin), germinativity, seedling vigor, and productivity were studied. Although the cumulative germination percentage (CGP) of chicory and birdsfoot trefoil was low, the germination rate(GR) and days to reach 50% of final germination(Gt50) were excellent. Crownvetch, lespedeza and sainfoin showed poor germination. Chicory seeds were light but the rate of emergence and establishment were high. Seeds of Lotus pedunculatus and birdsfoot trefoil were also small, but their rates of emergence and establishment were quite good. On the other hand, seeds of sainfoin and crownvetch were heavy but their emergence and establishment rate were very low. Lespedeza was the best in getting over the hot summer, and crownvetch also survived well during summer. Chicory was good in productivity and early growing but its persistence was not good. In case of birdsfoot trefoil and Lotus pedunculatus their early growing were slow but their productivity and persistence were fairly well. Lespedeza, crownvetch, and sainfoin showed poor growth in Korea. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that chicory would be better to use as short term high productive forage crop, and Lotus pedunculatus and birdsfoot trefoil could be used as continuous functional forage crops in Korea. (Key words : Tannin. Germination. Chicory. Birdsfoot trefoil, Lotus pedunculatus)

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1996.07a
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• pp.40-47
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• 1996

The promoters of a variety of plant genes are characterized by the presence of TGACG motif-containing sequences. These genes often exhibit quite diverse expression characteristics and in many case the TGACG-motif has been demonstrated to be essential for expression. Here we report the isolation and characterization of a soybean cDNA that encodes a novel basic/leucine zipper (bZIP) protein, STF1, that specifically interacts with Hex (TGACGTGG) and CRE (TGACGTCA) sequences. This protein contains a bZIP motif at C-teminus and an acidic domain at N-terminus. DNA binding specificities, heterodimer formation, and expression characteristics of STF1 were compared with a soybean TGA1 protein, STGA1. The soybean STF1 interacts with TGACG-sequences containing an ACGT core, while STGA1 requires TGACG as a sufficient binding sequence. The flanking sequences to the TGACG motif affected DNA binding of STF1 siginificantly. The STF1 mRNA is found mainly in dark grown soybean seedling with higher expression in apical and elongating hypocotyl, while STGA1 mRNA is highly abundant in roots of light grown plants. Furthermore, we demonstrate that STF1 heterodimerzes with G-box binding factorss (GBFs) which was not observed with TGA1. The fact that STF1 possesses both distinct DNA binding speficities and heterodimerization properties suggest that STF1 belongs to a new family of plant bZIP proteins which recognize the Hex/CRE motif.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 1999

No-till direct-sown rice-wheat relaying cropping system has major advantages such as labor and cost saving by eliminating tillage and preparation of seed bed and transplanting. In this system, rice sowing was done simultaneously wheat harvesting. A paddy field experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of no-till years on soil microbial changes and soil physico-chemical characteristics with rice growth and development. Chemical fertilizers and agricultrual chemicals was not applied in no-till system. As the year in no-till direct-sown system the air permeability was increased and after water submerging soluble nitrogen was released Aerobic microbial-n was highest in May and then decreased after water irrigation. The population of aerobic soil microorganisms were steeply decreased after water submerging Soil microorganisms was decreased with the increased the soil depth. A month was needed for the seedling establishment in a no-tillage rice-wheat cropping system. Increased cropping years improved leaf greenness and leaf area index(LAI). But stomatal conductance(Gc) was higher in conventional cultivation system than no-till system. Stomatal conductance at panicle initiation stage was increased higher in conventional condition of leaves but the difference between conventional and no-till system was increased at heading stage. In no-till 4 years condition rice grain yield was spikelet numbers per panicle.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.10-16
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• 1980

Five of each lowland and upland rice varieties were planted in a seedling hox with three replications of randomized complete block design and it was desiccated up to complete water stress in certain leaf stage. The desiccated rice plants were supplied with water again to check survival ability of rice plant from wilting. All of the lowland varieties which showed lower yield in upland condition were superior to upland varieties in recovery ability from desiccation. Some of the morphological characteristics in relation to the recovery ability also were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to investigate the soil temperature. the characteristics of seedling growth and drought resistance of Job's tears under different seeding depth. The changes of soil temperature were similar to the patterns of atmosphere temperature. and the minimum and maximum temperature of the day were at 08: 00 and 16: 00 hours, respectively, and this was 1 hour late compared to the atmospheric temperature. In mean temperature under different soil depth, 3cm and 4cm soil depth were the same as $27.3^{\circ}C$ which was higher than that at 1cm and 2cm soil depth. Percentage of emergence was 81.2% at 4cm soil depth in Yulmoo 1 ho and 88.0% at 3cm soil depth in Yunchon 9 ho, respectively. Days to emergence after seeding was shortest at 1cm seeding depth as about 9 days and was 2 to 3 days later at other soil depth of 2, 3, 4cm compared to 1cm soil depth plot. Plant height and dry matter weight was highest at 3cm soil depth in Yulmoo 1 ho and at 4cm soil depth in Yunchon 9 ho. In the drought conditions, percent of survived plant was highest at 4cm soil depth plot of both varieties as 51.3% and 60.0%, respectively. In the drought conditions, soil depth was positively correlated with % of emergence, days to emergence after seeding, plant height, and dry matter weight per plant.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.176-180
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• 2000

The higher sugar and lower starch in super sweet corn may be due to modified endosperm genes sh, bt series, but its seeds have major limiting factors causing low germination and low seedling vigor, This study was conducted to determine what measurable kernel characteristics during the grain tiling period might be more useful as a guide to optimize harvest date for good seed quality in hybrid super sweet corn production. Artificial crossing in super sweet corn hybrid (Chodangok 1) was made on the same day, and ears were harvested from 18 days to 53 days after pollination at weekly intervals. Kernel weight, moisture content, hardness, endosperm rate, seedling height and storage nutrients such as sugars, protein, starch, and germination rate were measured for the kernels at each harvest. Super sweet corn hybrid, Chodangok 1 presented satisfactory germination rate above 70% when harvested on 39 to 46 days after pollination. Its storage nutrients at that time were 23.7-24.2% in starch content 5.5-5.9% in total sugars, 38.9-46.6% in kernel moisture, and 62.7-64.2% in endosperm rate. Germination rate was extremely high when harvested on 39 days after pollination. The black layer of Chodangok 1 could not be used as an indicator for seed harvest. These results suggested that optimum harvest date seems to be 39 days, and kernel moisture and starch content could be used as indications of kernel maturity in deciding when to harvest fer good seed quality in super sweet corn.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2017

This study was conducted to dentify the optimum plantlet type of 'Solara' potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) for growth in an aeroponics system. Plantlets of 'Solara' were transplanted on March 16, 2015 in a greenhouse, and growth and yield characteristics were investigated at 70 and 78 days after transplanting, respectively. Stem length was shorter in plantlet of 15-day-old stem cuttings and acclimatization of culture, and the stem length of plantlets of stem cuttings tended to increase with increasing stem cutting age. The fresh weight of plants was the highest in the plantlets of 40-day-old stem cuttings and the lowest in non-rooted stem cuttings and acclimatization of culture. The highest number of first stolons was obtained in 35-day-old stem cuttings. The number of second stolons was the highest in plantlets of 35-day-old stem cuttings, acclimatization of culture, and 30- day-old stem cuttings. The total number of tubers was higher in plantlets of 35-day-old stem cuttings and acclimatization of culture, and the number of tubers above 3 g was the highest in plantlets of 35-day-old stem cuttings. The weight of tubers above 3 g was the heaviest in plantlets of 35-day-old stem cuttings(1,947 g per 10 plants), followed by plantlets of 30-day-old stem cuttings. These results indicate that plantlets of 30 to 35-day-old stem cuttings could be the best for production of 'Solara' potato tubers in an aeroponics system.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.70-74
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• 2015

An LED plant factory farm is an alternative way to grow crops regardless of weather, season, and blight in such times of climate change. In recent years, it is a currently active and vibrant research field. The industry, which ranges from leaf vegetables to high value products, is expanding. This study was conducted to test tthe response of LED (Light-emitting diode) irradiation on the growth characteristics and ginsenoside levels indoors, in order to find out suitable light conditions. Ginseng seedling was transplanted from a styrofoam pot ($L{\times}W{\times}D$:$495{\times}315{\times}215mm$, inside diameter) into a closed plant production system in four blue LED (BL) and red LED (RL) different ratios of 1:1, 1;2, 1:3, 1:4 in a temperature range of $20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$, relative humidity of between 55 and 65%, and a 12-hour photoperiod. The LED irradiation shows the highest levels were found at 1:1 of BL and RL ratio at $61.21{\mu}mol\;s^{-l}m^{-2}$, 1:2 ratio $68.55{\mu}mol\;s^{-l}m^{-2}$, 1:3 ratio $63.85{\mu}mol\;s^{-l}m^{-2}$ and 1:4 ratio $62.41{\mu}mol\;s^{-l}m^{-2}$ from highest to lowest respectively. After analyzing from shoot and root 2 yers old ginseng plant which were cultivated under 1:3 irradiation of BL and RL ratio, it generally showed a positive effect under a 1:3 ratio of BL and RL.