• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.107-115
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• 2007

Objective of this study was to assess the efficient rice cultivation practice to mitigate the non-point source pollutants loading to the adjacent watershed. Cultivation practices consisted of machine transplanting, direct seeding on dry paddy, and no tillage in which no fertilizer and pesticide were applied to paddy field. Water in drainage canal was used as irrigation source during the entire rice growing season. Loading of the non-point source pollutants to the adjacent small stream was mitigated by all treatments. Rice yield, total biomass (rice + weeds), and uptake T-N, $P_2O_5$, and $K_2O$ were higher in machine transplanting practice than those in direct seeding and no tillage practices. However, the purification effects of non-point source pollutants were followed in orders of no tillage > direct seeding > machine transplanting due to quantity of irrigation water. The annual purification quantity of T-N, T-P, and K by rice cultivations ranged from 46 to 369 kg $ha^{-1}$, 4.1 to 16.4 kg $ha^{-1}$, and 55 to 238 kg $ha^{-1}$, respectively, during the entire rice growing season. Results revealed that no tillage practice of rice cultivation was the best management option in reducing the loading of the non-point source pollutants from the drainage canal into stream.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.12-12
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 롤러식 양파 파종기의 작동 특성 파악을 위한 동적 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 롤러식 양파 파종기의 주요부는 롤러와 포트트레이로 구성된다. 양파 파종기의 작동 특성 파악을 위해 동력전달 경로의 구성요소와 각 주요부의 속도를 분석한 결과 동력원인 모터의 출력은 체인과 스프라켓을 통해 포트트레이와 롤러에 전달되며 모터에서의 회전속도는 1770rpm으로 감속기를 통해 출력축의 회전속도는 17.7rpm으로 감소한다. 이론적으로 도출한 포트트레이의 이동속도는 74.98mm/s, 롤러의 회전속도는 22.13rpm으로 나타났다. 시뮬레이션을 수행하기 위해 스캐너를 이용하여 롤러식 파종기를 실측했으며 후에 3D모델링을 진행하였다. 시뮬레이션 해석조건은 파종기의 실제 작동방식을 고려하여 롤러1과 3은 포트트레이와 면대면 접촉을 통해 회전하도록 설정하였고 롤러2와 롤러4는 동력전달경로에 포함된 스프라켓과 기어의 잇수비를 반영하여 회전속도를 도출하여 적용하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 롤러의 회전속도는 모두 22.13rpm으로 수식에 근거하여 도출한 값과 계측 값이 같음을 확인하였다. 또한 파종 깊이를 결정하는 요소인 롤러의 상토 압축 정도를 파악하기 위하여 롤러궤적 시뮬레이션을 통해 롤러 끝 단의 궤적을 분석하였는데 롤러궤적 분석 결과 롤러의 끝 단은 약 9.8mm 깊이로 내려가는 것을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.74-74
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• 2017

밀식파종 묘 이앙 시스템은 벼농사 생력화를 위한 재배법으로 비용 및 노동력을 획기적으로 줄일 수 있어 시간과 잉여 공간의 유효 활용을 통해 영농 규모의 확대로 인한 농업의 경쟁력을 높일 수 있다. 하지만 밀식 파종한 육묘를 관행과 동일한 1개 소당 3~4주 이앙 가능한 식부부 개발은 미흡한 실정이다. 밀식 파종한 육묘를 기존 이앙기로 이앙작업을 할 경우, 1개 소당 이앙되는 양이 많아져, 벼 생육을 저하 시키는 요인이 된다. 이러한 부분을 해결하기 위해서는 이앙 작업에 직접적으로 영향을 주는 이앙기식부부의 로터케이스, 이앙암을 분석하여 밀식파종 묘에 적용할 수 있는 기술이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 식부부의 로터케이스, 이앙암을 3D 스캐너를 활용하여 스캐닝 작업을 한 뒤 역설계를 통하여 도면화 작업을 실시하여 식부부 궤적 분석을 실시하였다. 분석은 다물체 동역학 해석 프로그램인 Recurdyn(V8R4, Functionbay)을 활용하여 진행하였다. 분석결과, 식부부에 위치하는 이앙집게의 형상 및 로터케이스의 기어 배열에 따라 식부부가 형성하는 궤적의 형태가 달라지는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이러한 부분은 밀식파종 묘에 적합한 궤적 분석 및 현장 필드 실험에 필요한 기초자료로 활용하고자 한다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2003

One of the major obstructing factors against managing dairy farm in Korea has been a shortage of roughage supply. The shortage of roughage caused excessive use of concentrate feed increase of production cost and deterioration of cattle quality. In order to solve this problem for the dairy farm, use of fallow paddy field in the winter was feasible to produce barley and rye forage during the winter season after harvesting of in. And many desirable effects of raising cattle productivity, saving dollars for importing feeds and providing huge ground for manure spreading are expected by enlarged local roughage production. Through analysing the forage producing process, a mechanized operation model was developed for dairy farms in Korea. Its model consists of seeding models(till, no-till model) and harvesting models(wrap silage, traditional silage, hay model). Currently, the government policies are being executed to urge producing winter cereal wrap silage in the fallow paddy field with various supporting programs. Ant with enlarged local forage production, it is possible to make a new huge market fur forage producing machine.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.29-34
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• 2002

주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 가. 벼 종자, 상토, 흔합 접착액 등 펠렛재료를 스크류 컨베이어에 의해 회전 성형롤에 공급, 압축성형 배출함으로써 직경 12 mm의 구형 벼 펠렛종자를 제조할 수 있는 벼 펠렛종자 제조장치를 설계·제작하였다. 나. 설계·제작된 벼 펠렛종자 제조장치의 제조능력은 시간 당 약 13,000 개 ∼ 37,000 개인 것으로 나타났고 이때 성형률은 약 61% ∼ 71%였다. 하지만 벼 종자 손실률은 약 17% ∼ 48%로 매우 큰 것으로 나타나, 펠렛재료의 손실과 종자손상을 줄이기 위한 성형롤 및 펠렛재료 공급장치의 개선이 필요한 것으로 보인다. 다. 제조된 펠렛종자의 무게는 제조 직후에는 1.66 g, 완전 건조 후에는 약 1.3 g으로 나타났으며, 제조된 펠렛종자의 직경은 약 12.0 mm에서 건조 후 약 11.2 mm로 축소되었다. 라. 제조된 한 개의 벼 펠렛종자 내 포함된 벼 종자의 개수는 상토와 벼 종자의 혼합비에 따라 다르게 나타났는데 혼합비 6 : 1에서 펠렛종자 당 종자 개수는 4.1 립, 혼합비 7 : 1에서 3.6 립, 그리고 혼합비 8 : 1에서는 3.1 립으로 나타났다. 마. 건조 후 벼 펠렛종자의 압축강도를 측정한 결과 건조기를 이용한 경우는 118 N ∼ 137 N, 음지 건조의 경우는 88 N ∼ 108 N으로 조사되었으며, 대체적으로 운반 및 파종 과정에서의 취급성은 문제가 없을 것으로 보인다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.1 s.145
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• pp.109-115
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• 2007

This study was carried out to determine occurrence and damage of golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata on water seeding area in Jeonnam province. The density of golden apple snail maintained hlgh until October 2003, but quickly decreased from November. They overwintered only in a portion of the water canals but could not find in dried paddy field. They reproduced from May and June in the canal water and paddy field, respectively. Feeding time of golden apple snail on rice seedlings was 235.2 seconds, feeding length of that was 8.4cm. When golden apple snail fed rice seedlings, the stem remain only 2.5cm from areal part which could not recover. The more density of golden apple snail, the fester feeding rate. Density and number of eggs laid of golden apple snail after overwintering was higher on bank around of paddy field than on middle of that. The percent of shell size after over wintering was higher in small (below 25mm) than big (over 36mm). But in case of Boseong area, the slze was reverse because the soil has soft mud. The survival rate of overwintering golden apple snail was lower than that of breeding. They did not move when the temperature changed rapidly, but the temperature increased they start to move. They dead almost below $-3^{\circ}C$. The damage of rice by golden apple snail in the direct water seeding was 20%. In machine transplanting, rice damaged only fore-end of leaf and recovered subsequently. When golden apple snail release in direct water seeding field, the percent of damage was 5.6% in immediately release plot. The later release, the lower damage.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.126-132
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• 2010

A high sugar rice cultivar 'Danmi' which has been recently developed and released in the Functional Crop Resource Development Division, Department of Functional Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, has high glucose and sucrose contents but has a poor seed development. This defect poses some problem in ensuring stable seedling establishment in the nursery bed. We examined the germination and seedling emergence characteristics of 'Danmi' and determined an optimum seeding rate for seedling establishment. 'Danmi' seeds has a light 1,000-grain weight of 18.2g compared with Ilmibyeo's 26.7g. The 97.4% of 'Danmi' seeds has specific gravity below 1.0 while only 2.0% of seeds was fully developed with specific gravity above 1.12. However, the reverse is true in the Ilmibyeo seed used as a control cultivar. Although the seed germination of Danmi was 89-91% regardless of seed specific gravity but at a slower rate than Ilmibyeo regardless of water soaking temperatures of $20-30^{\circ}C$ because of high seed amount of specific gravity below 1.0 in 'Danmi'. It took 2～4 days longer of seed soaking in the Danmi seeds than Ilmibyeo before germination. 'Danmi' has low normal seedling emergence rate than Ilmibyeo in the seedbed soil due to high percentage of abnormal seedlings like stunting and incomplete growth. Normal seedling emergence rate of 'Danmi' in the seedbed was 62.6～64.9% for 10-day old seedling and 83.5～86.7% for 30-day old seedling which is lower by 29.6～30.0% and 11.3～12%, respectively than Ilmibyeo. Although 'Danmi' has low normal seedling emergence rate, but it has greater seed number per weight basis. Therefore, based on the normal seedling number per unit area of Ilmibyeo(control cultivar) for seedling rate of 10-day and 30-day old seedlings, the recommended seeding rate of 'Danmi' for transplanting rice is 220g seeds for 10-day old seedling and 130g for 30-day old seedling per nursery box, which is equivalent to 1.5 times seed volumes of Ilmibyeo.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.258-264
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• 1994

The weed survey in lowland rice field in 1992 was conducted to identify weed population change as affected by different elevation, soil type and cultivation pattern at Gangweon province. There were more perennial weeds in plain and east coastal area while more annual weeds in mid alpine and alpine area. Meanwhile, perennial weed species was more dominant at ordinary and sandy soil but annual weed species was more dominant at poorly drained soil. In general, hand and machine(30 day old seedling) transplanting would result in higher dominant weed species of perennial while there was more annual weed species in machine (10 day old seedling) transplanting and dry seeding, respectively. Also, annual weed species was more predominant at spring plowing time compared to autumn plowing time. Particularly, there was change in dominant weed species with time. In 1971 annual weed species was more predominant but perennial weed species was highly dominant in 1981 and 1992.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.287-293
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• 1991

The root-mat formation of infant rice seedlings (8- to 10-day-old) is sometime not enough for machine transplanting because of the too-short nursery period. This experiment was conducted to elucidate the effect of metalaxyl seed-soaking treatment in the mixed solution of metalaxyl, seed disinfectant and insectcides on the root-mat formation of infant rice seedling in machine transplanting. The rice seeds of Odaebyeo were soaked in the mixed solution of metalaxyl, prochloraz and insectcides. with the recommended concentrations for 24 hours at room temperature. Seeding rate was 220g per seed tray (30 x 60 x 3cm). Metalaxyl (25% wettable powder), a fungicide. was used in 1. 000 times dilution as a promoting substance on the root-mat formation. Generally, the metalaxyl-treated seeds markedly increased the root number and length, and rooting activity of infant rice seedlings as compared with the control, thus the root-mat formation was excellent. When the rice seeds were sterilized by the mixed solution of prochloraz and insectcides, metalaxyl could be used together for increasing root-mat rormation of infant rice seedlIngs due to no interaction among agro-chemicals used. Seedling damping-off and physiological seedling rot were also controled in the seedlings of metalaxy-treated seeds. The root-mat of metalxyl-treated seeds had higher hardness and tension than control in terms of physical properties.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.105-109
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• 1994

This experiment was conducted to know the labor saving effect and reducing production cost by agricultural mechanization in the cultivation of Bupleurum falcatum. Labor reducing effects of the drilling seeder by hand and the machine attached to two wheel tiller were 97%, but emergency rate was highest in the former. Dry root yield per plant was increased by low amount of seed sowing but that yield per unit area was increased at much seeding amount in the seeder attached to the tiller. The drilling seeder by hand was showed highest standing ratio of seedling and produced yield to 84.1kg of root yield per 10a. Labor saving effect was the best at the multipurposes mechanized harvester and labor saving and famer's income ratio were increased to 69% and 50% respectively. Labor time and cost were reduced to 74% and 69% respectively by mechanization of sowing and harvest cultivation practice on Bupleurum falcatum.