• Title/Summary/Keyword: Seed-borne

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Effect of Korean Fermented Food Extracts and Bacteria Isolated from the Extracts for the Control of Rice Seed-borne Fungal Diseases (국산 발효식품 추출물과 발효식품유래 미생물을 활용한 벼 종자전염성 진균병 방제)

  • Kim, Yong-Ki;Hong, Sung-Jun;Shim, Chang-Ki;Kim, Min-Jeong;Lee, Min-Ho;Park, Jong-Ho;Han, Eun-Jung;Choi, Eun-Jung;Bae, Soo-Il;Jee, Hyeong-Jin
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.383-395
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    • 2014
  • When we investigated seed infestation by fungal pathogens from 51 varieties in 9 crops, the contamination rate of rice and sesame seeds was high. Therefore, to control seed-borne diseases, we obtained extracts from commercial products of Kimchi, Gochujang, Doenjang, Ganjang, Makgeolli and Tohajut and their suppressive effects against seed-borne diseases were studied. In addition, bacterial strains were screened to control rice seed-borne diseases in vitro and in vivo. Among forty food extracts, eleven food-extracts suppressed incidence of seedling rots in vitro and five food extracts increased 8-33% of healthy seedling in the greenhouse. Among 218 isolates from 40 fermented foods, 43 isolates showed high antifungal activity against seven fungal pathogens. When we tested 43 isolates for the reduction of rice seed borne disease, 32 isolates were able to reduce the rice seed borne disease. Among 32 isolates, 17 isolates reduced significantly seedling rot and increased healthy seedlings, the other isolates except for Kc4-2 and Mkl 2-2 increased shoot emergence and the percentage of healthy plants. Thirty isolates with high antifungal activity and suppressive effect against rice seedling rots were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Twenty one of thirty isolates were identified as Bacillus spp. Three isolates from Makgeolli were identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. B. amyloliquifaciens were isolated from six Korean traditional fermented foods except for Ganjang. B. amyloliquifaciens were majority in the effective bacterial population of Gochujang and Jutgal. Relatively diverse Bacillus species including B. subtilis, B. pumilus, and B. amyloliquificiens were isolated from Kimchi. The selected effective microorganisms from Korean fermented foods founded to be effective for controlling seed-borne diseases of rice in vitro and in the greenhouse. We think that Korean fermented foods and their useful microorganisms can be used as biocontrol agents for suppressing rice seed-borne diseases based on above described results.

Control of Some Seed Borne Organisms on Rice with Dithane M-45 (Dithane M-45의 종자소독제로서의 살균효과)

  • Park Chang Seouk;Cho Yong Sup
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.109-111
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    • 1972
  • The study is carried out in laboratory to investigate fungicidal activity of Dithane M-45 as a seed treatant. For use in rice seed, Dithane M-45 is more effective fungicide than organic mercuric compounds. The adequate concentration of Dithane M-45 is 1000 ppm and about 6 hours is proper duration to control seed borne pathogen on rice. Dithane M-45, however, is not good enough to control Fusarium spp. in various concentration levels.

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Seed-borne Brachycladium penicillatum Intercepted under Plant Quarantine Inspection in Korea

  • Hyun, Ik-Hwa;Chang, Seo-Yeon;Lee, Moon-Young;Kim, Min-Kyung;Choi, Woo-Bong
    • Mycobiology
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.205-207
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    • 2012
  • A fungus detected from the importing seeds of Papaver rhoeas under plant quarantine inspection in Korea was identified as Brachycladium penicillatum Corda. It differed in morphological characteristics from a similar species, B. papaveris, which was known to form no macroconidiophores and no microsclerotia. Since the first interception in 2006, this fungus has frequently been found from importing seeds of Papaver spp. It was detected from 31 out of 282 seed consignments imported from 2006 to 2011. To prevent its introduction to Korea, the seed consignments infested by B. penicillatum were destroyed or reshipped.

Antimicrobial Activity of Trifoliate Orange (Poncirus trifoliate) Seed Extracts on Gram-Negative Food-borne Pathogens

  • Kim, Seong-Yeong;Shin, Kwang-Soon
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.228-233
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    • 2012
  • Trifoliate orange seed extracts (TSEs) were prepared from different solvents, water (TW), ethanol (TE), and n-hexane (TH), and assessed for their antimicrobial activities against six gram-negative food-borne pathogens (Escherichia coli KCTC 1039, Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 43895, Salmonella Enteritidis ATCC 3311, Salmonella Typhimurium KCCM 11862, Shigella sonnei KCTC 2518, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802). Among the tested TSEs, TE and TH showed a slight inhibition activity on V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802, but a good growth inhibition activity on Sal. Typhimurium KCCM 11862. TH and TE showed steady growth inhibition activity with increasing growth time after 6 hr when compared to the control (p<0.05). From these results, we confirmed the possibility of TH and TE as antimicrobial materials.

Phylogenetic Status of an Unrecorded Species of Curvularia, C. spicifera, Based on Current Classification System of Curvularia and Bipolaris Group Using Multi Loci

  • Jeon, Sun Jeong;Nguyen, Thi Thuong Thuong;Lee, Hyang Burm
    • Mycobiology
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    • v.43 no.3
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    • pp.210-217
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    • 2015
  • A seed-borne fungus, Curvularia sp. EML-KWD01, was isolated from an indigenous wheat seed by standard blotter method. This fungus was characterized based on the morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetic status of the fungus was determined using sequences of three loci: rDNA internal transcribed spacer, large ribosomal subunit, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene. Multi loci sequencing analysis revealed that this fungus was Curvularia spicifera within Curvularia group 2 of family Pleosporaceae.

Effect of Extracts and Bacteria from Korean Fermented Foods on the Control of Sesame Seed-Borne Fungal Diseases (발효식품 추출물과 미생물을 활용한 참깨 종자전염성 병 방제)

  • Kim, Yong-Ki;Hong, Sung-Jun;Shim, Chang-Ki;Kim, Min-Jeong;Park, Jong-Ho;Han, Eun-Jung;Park, Jong-Won;Park, So-Hyang;Jee, Hyeong-Jin;Kim, Seok-Cheol
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.297-308
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    • 2015
  • In order to control seed-borne diseases, we obtained extracts from commercial fermented food products of Kimchi, Gochujang, Doenjang, Ganjang and Makgeolli and their suppressive effects against seed-borne diseases were studied. In addition, the suppressive effects of bacterial strains isolated from the fermented foods were screened in vitro and in vivo. Among fifty food extracts, twenty food-extracts suppressed more than 92% incidence of seedling rots in vitro and seven food extracts increased 58.3-66.8% of healthy seedling in the greenhouse. Among 218 isolates from the fermented foods, 29 isolates showing high antifungal activity against seven seed-borne fungal pathogens were selected. Among 29 isolates, 13 isolates significantly reduced seedling rot and increased healthy seedlings. Sixteen isolates with high antifungal activity and suppressive effect against sesame seedling rots were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Fourteen of sixteen isolates were identified as Bacillus spp. and the other two isolates from Makgeolli were identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It was confirmed that B. amyloliquifaciens was majority in the effective bacterial population of Korean fermented foods. In addition, when the bioformulations of the two selected effective microorganisms, B. amyloliquifacien Gcj2-1 and B. amyloliquifacien Gcj3-1, were prepared in powder forms using bentonite, kaolin, talc and zeolite, talc- and kaolin-bioformulation showed high control efficacy against sesame seed-borne disease, followed by zeolite-bioformulation. Meanwhile control efficacy of each bentonite-bioformulation of B. amyloliquifacien Gcj2-1 and B. amyloliquifacien Gcj3-1 was lower than that of bacterial suspension of them. It was found that the selected effective microorganisms from Korean fermented foods were effective for controlling seed-borne diseases of sesame in vitro and in the greenhouse. We think that Korean fermented food extracts and useful microorganisms isolated from the extract can be used as bio-control agents for suppressing sesame seed-borne diseases based on above described results.

Seed-borne Infection of Anthracnose Fungi Isolated from Diseased Red Pepper (병든 고추 종자에서 분리된 탄저병균의 종자전염)

  • Lee, Du-Hyung
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.23 no.2 s.73
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    • pp.114-120
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    • 1995
  • Colletotrichum dematium, C. gloeosporioides and Glomerella cingulata were detected in seed samples collected from diseased red pepper (Capsicum annuum) using blotter method. C. gloeosporioides was the predominant species in seed samples tested and followed by C. dematium and G. cingulata. When the seed components were plated C. dematium, C. gloeosporioides and G. cingulata were detected from seed coat, endosperm and cotyledon. The three anthracnose fungi were recorded more frequently from seed coat than that of observed in the endosperm and cotyledon. Seed infection with C. dematium, C. gloeosporioides and G. cingulata caused seed rotting, damping off and seedling blight of red pepper plants. According to the inoculation experiments, it was shown that C. gloeosporioides was the most virulent among three species. C. dematium showed weak virulence when the plants were wounded, and G. cingulata was wound parasite or weakly virulent on red fruits. Benlate T (benomyl+thiram) and Homai (thiophnate-methyl+thiram) were effective to anthracnose fungi when treated to infected seeds.

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Effects of Fungicides and Bioagents on Seed Mycoflora, Growth and Yield of Watermelon

  • Bharath, B.G.;Lokesh, S.;Shetty, H.S.
    • Animal cells and systems
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.75-78
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    • 2005
  • Fungicides and antagonists were tested for their efficacy in the management of fungal pathogens of watermelon. The fungal species in different genera were isolated from the seeds of watermelon and their vulnerability was assessed against an array of chemicals and bioagents. Among the fungal pathogens, Fusarium species were effectively controlled by Bavistin. Topsin also showed the promising effects against all the fungal pathogens, and Dithane M-45 effectively controlled Didymella bryoniae. Seed treatment with antagonists like Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride improved the seed germination, seedling vigour and reduced the incidence of seed-borne fungal pathogens. Bavistin and Topsin among chemicals increased significantly the seed germination and vigour index. Trichoderma harzianum showed its efficacy against all Fusarium species and even stood effective than Captan and Blitox. However, Pseudomonas fIuorescens also showed promising effect against Didymella bryoniae over fungicides. Under field condition, Topsin and Dithane M-45 showed better yield than Bioagents.

Analysis of Antibacterial Activity against Food Spoilage and Food-borne Pathogens and Cytotoxicity on Human Cancer Cell Lines of Extracts from Pericarp and Seed of Vitis coignetiea (머루 과피와 종자 추출물의 식품 위해성 세균에 대한 항균성 및 인체 암세포주에 대한 cytotoxicity 분석)

  • Won, Ji-Hye;Kim, Mee-Ra
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.175-182
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    • 2012
  • In this study, antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of the extracts from pericarp and seed of $Vitis$ $coignetiea$, which were extracted with 0.1% HCl-60% ethanol, were analyzed. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was determined by paper disc diffusion method against food spoilage and food-borne pathogens. The pericarp extract showed high antibacterial activity against $Bacillus$ $cereus$, $Escherichia$ $coli$ O157:H7, and $Pseudomonas$ $aeruginosa$, and the seed extract represented the high antibacterial activity against $B.$ $cereus$, $E.$ $coli$ O157:H7, and $Staphylococcus$ $aureus$. The cytotoxicity of the $Vitis$ $coignetiea$ extract against human cancer cells was determined using the MTT assay and SRB assay. The pericarp extract represented strong growth-inhibition activity against G361 and Hep3B cells and the seed extract greatly inhibited the growth of HeLa and G361 cells in the MTT assay. In addition, the pericarp extract displayed a high inhibition activity against the growth of AGS cells and the seed extract greatly inhibited the growth of HeLa, Hep3B, and MCF7 cells in the SRB assay. Especially, the cytotoxicities of the seed extract against HeLa were significantly higher than those of the extract against other cancer cells at all test concentrations. This study demonstrates that the extract from pericarp and seed of $Vitis$ $coignetiea$ possess high antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity.