• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.416-421
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted to find out optimum priming treatment conditions to the sesame seed as a preliminary study for enhancing sesame germination properties. Effective priming agents and concentrations for sesame seed were $K_3PO_4$, 200 mM and PEG6000, -1.0 MPa respectively. Optimum priming temperature and duration were $15^{\circ}C$, 4 days in view of germination speed and germination percentage. PEG6000 with -1.0 MPa was selected as an efficient priming treatment condition at $15^{\circ}C$, 4 days. This study suggested that priming treatment to sesame seed would be an effective technique enhancing sesame seed germination and shortening time to the $T_{50}$ at the field condition, but the efficiency of priming treatments to the sesame seed would be strongly dependent on individual or integrated conditions of priming agent, concentration, temperature and duration etc.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.121-130
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• 2023

This study was conducted to investigate changes in seed vigor based on temperature of dry heat and duration treatment of watermelon seeds and examine the effect on percent of emergence and seedling vigor. When the upper limit temperature of dry heat treatment was raised to 80℃, the percent of the germination decreased. Moreover, T₅₀ was delayed as the upper limit temperature of dry heat treatment increased. The higher the upper limit temperature of dry heat treatment and the longer the treatment period, the higher the percentage of abnormal seedlings. The optimum upper limit temperature for dry heat treatment was 72℃, and the treatment period was five days. Seed vigor was better maintained at 30℃, 45℃, and 52℃, followed by stepwise exposure to high temperatures of 72℃, the upper limit of dry heat treatment, rather than dry heat treatment at a high temperature of 72℃ for 5 days from the initial stage of treatment. When the fungicide was added during the dry heat treatment process, the germination percentage decreased and the percent of the abnormal seedling percentage increased. However, the addition of 10 mg/kg fungicide did not significantly reduce seed vigor.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 1985

This study was carried out to observe the propagule of Fusarium moniliforme on the surface of rice seed and in the vascular bundle of rice stem by scanning electron microscope. Spore and mycelium of F. moniliforme were observed on the surface of rice seed and in the vascular bundle of rice stem. After seed treatment with Benlate T and Busan 3D, F. moniliforme was not isolated from chaffs, but frequently from brown rice, irrespective of disinfection period.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.56-66
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• 1982

The effects of various dehiscent application such as dehiscent materials (big chaffs, vermiculite etc.), growth regulators and agricultural chemicals (plant protector.) on stimulation of dehiscence and shortening of dehiscent period were investigated Results obtained were as follows : 1. The moisture content of endosperm and seed coat at 10 day after dehiscent application amounts between 40% and 50%. 2. Endosperm diameter was increased with time of stratification, and the embryo growth showed in linear function, 3. Non-dehiscent seed showed also normally development of embryo, and the property of dehiscence dependent from physico-chemical nature of ginseng seed coat. 4. The best dehiscent materials were big chaffs and followed vermiculite, sand and sand with big chaffs. 5. The effect of dehiscence of ginseng seed showed higher activity in fungi than in bacteria in general. 6. Agricultural chemicals ( plant Protector) reduced the dehiscent rate of ginseng seed 7. The best timing of dehiscent treatment was between August 1 and August 10 but the smaller amount of dehiscent rate after August 10 dehiscent appllication indicated that big chaffs and growth regulator treatment may be controlled shortening of dehiscent period of ginseng seed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.166-173
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• 1993

Seed infection to pod and stem blight (Diaporthe phaseolorum) is severe at summer type soybeans maturing at hot and humid conditions. In order to increase germination and plant stand, this experiments were evaluated the effects of fungicide Benoram(Benomyl 20% ${\pm}$ Thiram 20%) seed treatments with different seed sizes on emergence yield at field conditions, and with different infection degrees to pod and stem blight on germination in laboratory. Benoram treatment on seed was improved emergence rate and elongated hypocotyl not increased growth and yield. It was clearly improved length but germinations and germination speed by Benoram fungicide treatment on severely infected seed however was not improved germination rate at good quality of seeds and the effect was higher at large seed cultivar than small ones.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.519-526
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• 2021

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of cold plasma treatment on the improvement of seed germination and surface sterilization of ginseng seeds. Methods: Dehisced ginseng (Panax ginseng) seeds were exposed to dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma operated in argon (Ar) or an argon/oxygen mixture (Ar/O₂), and the resulting germination and surface sterilization were compared with those of an untreated control group. Bacterial and fungal detection assays were performed for plasma-treated ginseng seeds after serial dilution of surface-washed suspensions. The microbial colonies (fungi and bacteria) were classified according to their phenotypical morphologies and identified by molecular analysis. Furthermore, the effect of cold plasma treatment on the in vitro antifungal activity and suppression of Cylindrocarpon destructans in 4-year-old ginseng root discs was investigated. Results: Seeds treated with plasma in Ar or Ar/O₂ exhibited a higher germination rate (%) compared with the untreated controls. Furthermore, the plasma treatment exhibited bactericidal and fungicidal effects on the seed surface, and the latter effect was stronger than the former. In addition, plasma treatment exhibited in vitro antifungal activity against C. destructans and reduced the disease severity (%) of root rot in 4-year-old ginseng root discs. The results demonstrate the stimulatory effect of plasma treatment on seed germination, surface sterilization, and root rot disease suppression in ginseng. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the cold plasma treatment can suppress the microbial community on the seed surface root rot in ginseng.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.269-276
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• 1983

Out of 50 seed samples of Sesamum indicum L. tested, Alternaria sesami and Corynespora cassiicola were detected in 29 samples and 38 samples, respectively. Heavy infection of A. sesami and C. cassiicola caused seed rot and seedling blight on water agar as well as in pots. In case of light infection the seed germinated showing elongation of the radicle and hypocotyl, but soon light brown or dark brown lesions appeared at certain parts of the shoot and root where sporulation of the fungi was observed after prolonged incubation in moisture. Four seed disinfectants were compared for the control of seed-borne infection of A. sesami and C. cassiicola. Complete control of seed-borne infection of C. cassiicola was obtained by seed treatment with Benlate T and Homai and seed treatment with Busan 30 was found superior to control seed-borne infection of A. sesami.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.339-348
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• 1996

Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of Korean traditional alcoholic beverages, such as Kwahaju, Sokokju, Baikhaju, Samhaeju and Hosanchun were investigated during fermentation with the difference of input step and treatment of rice and Nuruk (Korean-style bran koji). pH values in all treatments were similar to be ranged $3.1{\sim}3.2$, but acidity of the treatment brewed without seed mash was $1.5{\sim}2$ times higher than that of the treatment brewed with seed mash. The concentration of alcohol in all treatments increased as the concentration of the Nuruk increased. The alcohol concentrations of Samhaeju and Hosanchun ranging from 6.5% to 7.7% were higher than those of Kwahaju, Sokokju and Baikhaju ranging from 7.9% to 10.6%. Residual reducing sugar contents of Kwahaju, Sokokju and Baikhaju ranging from 4.6 g/L to 9.7 g/L were lower than those of Samhaeju and Hosanchun ranging from 14.2 g/L to 15.5 g/L. The consumed total sugar contents of Kwahaju, Sokokju and Baikhaju ranging from 125.4 g/L to 159.2 g/L were higher than those of Samhaeju and Hosanchun ranging from 111.2 g/L to 123.8 g/L, and the treatments brewed with seed mash showed more sugar consumption than the treatments brewed without seed mash. Sensory quality in the treatments brewed with seed mash was better than those of without seed mash. Concentration of Nuruk and preparation of seed mash from it were critical factors compared to input step and treatment of rice in Korean traditional alcoholic beverage brewing.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.339-346
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• 2016

This study was carried out to develop an effective seed propagation method for Thalictrum rochebrunianum var. grandisepalum (H. Lev.) Nakai by analyzing seed dormancy types and germination characteristics. Seeds were collected between September to October at Gangwon province, and well-selected seeds were used while being dry-stored at 4±1℃. The seed size ranged 4.52 × 1.58 ㎜ and the weight of thousand seeds were 1,603.5 ± 0.02 ㎎. The moisture content was 7.2%. Seeds were achene type, and morphology characters showed an elliptical shape and rough texture, and light brown in color. Moist-chilling treatment was conducted for dormancy breaking because the seeds had an undeveloped embryo of liner type. The embryo had developed during a moist-chilling period, constantly, and fully developed in 10 weeks. Consequently, it seemed to be non-deep complex or intermediate complex type of morphophysiological dormancy, and embryo dormancy was broken by wet-chilling for 10 weeks. After 10 weeks of wet-chilling treatment, seed germination began. Germination percentage was higher in dark condition raher than light condition and recorded the maximum at 25℃ in the dark (16.3%). A pre-soaking treatment with a combined plant growth hormones promoted germination and shortened T₅₀. Specifically, seed germination of 84.5% was achieved by pre-soaking of seeds with a combined solution of 500 ㎎/L GA₃ and 10 ㎎/L kinetin for 24 h after a wet-chilling treatment for 10 weeks. Thus the effect of plant growth hormones coupled with chilling temperature on seed breaking dormancy provide asubsequent growth of seedlings for successful plantation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.297-303
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• 1993

Seedling emergence and .stand establishment in dry-seeded rice is unstable at present due to deep seeding, low temperature at seeding time, excessive drought or raining etc. This experiment was conducted to elucidate the effect of gibberellic acid(GA$_3$) on the seedling emergence and growth in dry-seeded rice. GA$_3$, IBA and Metalaxyl were treated by seed-soaking or-spray. Hwaseongbyeo, a japonica rice, was used. The seed-soaking treatment with GA$_3$ significantly increased the seedling emergence and plant height as compared with untreated seed. However, no difference was observed in IBA and Metalaxyl treatment. The optimum concentration of GA$_3$ to promote the seedling emergence and growth in dry-seeded rice was about 100ppm for seed-soaking and about 200ppm for seed-spray treatment. The seed-spray treatment of GA$_3$ with 200ppm promoted earlier and faster seedling emergence and elongated seedling height as compared with untreated seed.