• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.177-182
• /
• 1990

A reproductive potential trial using randomized complete block design with $3{\times}3{\times}2$ factorial, was conducted on 84 Baluchi yearling ewes. Ewes grazed on rangeland dominated by Artemisia maritime and Holoxylon grifthii with or without flushing and supplementation of barley grain (BG) and cotton-seed-cake (CSC) during premating, late pregnancy and lactation of 90 days. Analysis of variance revealed that conception rate which ranged 64.28 to 85.71, was significantly greater (p<.05) in ewes flushed with CSC followed by ewes under BG or control feeding regimes. During the gestation period, liveweight of ewes changed from 31.24 to 21.2 kg. A loss of 32% of initial body weight was observed at lambing. Losses in live weight of ewes, regardless the supplementation, were uniform and non-significantly different. Live weight of ewes at lambing and weaning were also similar. Birth weight of lambs was significantly different at p<.05. Lambs born to larger ewes seemed to be heavier than lighter ones. Lambs suckling to ewes with losses in body weight during lactation gained more weight which was significantly different at p<.05. In the paper, factors affecting the conception rate, changes in liveweight of ewes during gestation and lactation and subsequently growth of lambs are discussed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.719-725
• /
• 2004

Mesquite or Vilayati babul (Prosopis juliflora) is a drought resistant, evergreen, spiny tree with drooping branches and a deep laterally spreading root system. It grows in semi-arid and arid tracts of tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world and is spreading because the leaves are unpalatable and animals do not digest its seed. The mesquite has become a major nuisance; cutting or pruning its branches to form a canopy would provide shade for travelers, aid harvesting of pods, as well as make available wood for fuel. An average plant starts fruiting by 3-4 years of age and yields annually 10-50 kg pods/ tree, which can be collected from May-June and September-October. Availability of pods worldwide is estimated to be about 2-4 million metric tonnes. Ripe pods are highly palatable; on dry matter basis they contain 12% crude protein, 15% free sugar, a moderate level of digestible crude protein (7% DCP) with a high level of energy (75% TDN). The pods contain low tannin levels below those toxic to animals. Seeds contain 31-37% protein; pods should be finely ground before feeding to facilitate utilization of the seeds. Mesquite pods could replace costlier feed ingredients such as grain and bran contributing 10-50% of the diet. Phosphorus supplements need to be added when mesquite pod, exceeds 20% of animals' diet.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.23-26
• /
• 1985

묘대별발생(苗代別發生)을 보면 강한(江漢)찰벼와 낙동(洛東)벼에시 상자육묘(箱子育苗)가 보온절충묘대(保溫折衷苗代)보다 종자소독유무(種子消毒有無)에 관계(關係)없이 키다리 병(病)의 발생(發生)이 많았다. 상자육묘(箱子育苗)와 보온절충묘대(保溫折衷苗代)에서 자란 유묘(幼苗)를 일본(一本)씩 이앙(移秧)할 경우 본답(本畓)에서 상자육묘(箱子育苗)에서 자란 유묘(幼苗)가 보온절충묘대(保溫折衷苗代)에서 자란 유묘(幼苗)보다 이병률(罹病率)이 높았고 수량(收量)도 떨어졌다.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2002년도 International Meeting on Information Display
• /
• pp.526-529
• /
• 2002

Various fluoride films on a glass substrate were prepared and characterized in order to determine the best seed layer for a microcrystalline silicon (${\mu}c$-Si) film growth. Among the various group-IIA-fluoride systems, the $CaF_2$films on glass substrates illustrated (220) preferential orientation and a lattice mismatch of less than 0.7% with Si. $CaF_2$ films exhibited a dielectric constant between $4.1{\sim}5.2$ and an interface trap density ($D_{it}$ as low as $1.8{\times}10^{11}\;cm^{-2}eV^1$. Using the $CaF_2$/glass structure, we were able to achieve an improved ${\mu}c$-Si film at a process temperature of 300 $^{\circ}C$. We have achieved the ${\mu}c$-Si films with a crystalline volume fraction of 65%, a grain size of 700 ${\AA}$, and an activation energy of 0.49 eV.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.97-101
• /
• 1999

No-till direct seeding cultivation of rice has major advantages such as saving of labor and cost by eliminating tillage, preparation of seed bed and trans-planting procedure compared to the conventional transplanting cultivation. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of straw treatment and nitrogen levels on the rice growth in no-till direct-seeding cultivation. Rice straw, vetch straw, and the mixture of both of the straws were mulched on the surface of soil before seeding while 4 levels of nitrogen fertilizer, 0, 7, 9, and 11 kkg/10a respectively, were applied at 3 split times, 3-weeks after sowing, 5-weeks after sowing and the panicle initiation stage. Mulching of vetch straw significantly reduced seedling establishment of rice which may be attributed to low oxidation-reduction potential of soil by vetch mulching treatment. Vetch straw increased the concentration of soil ammonium leading to an extension of the greenish leaf to panicle initiation stage. Agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (AD $E_{N}$) in heavy-mixed straw mulching plots was lower than other treatments. Grain yield and AU $E_{N}$ in the vetch treatment were less affected by fertilized N levels. Conclusively, it is suggested that heavy straw mulching was not efficient for rice seedling establishment and nitrogen usage.e.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.575-579
• /
• 2016

Burkholderia glumae (bacterial grain rot), Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (bacterial leaf blight), and Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae (bacterial brown stripe) are major seedborne pathogens of rice. Based on the 16S and 23S rDNA sequences for A. avenae subsp. avenae and B. glumae, and transposase A gene sequence for X. oryzae pv. oryzae, three sets of primers had been designed to produce 402 bp for B. glumae, 490 bp for X. oryzae, and 290 bp for A. avenae subsp. avenae with the $63^{\circ}C$ as an optimum annealing temperature. Samples collected from naturally infected fields were detected with two bacteria, B. glumae and A. avenae subsp. avenae but X. oryzae pv. oryzae was not detected. This assay can be used to identify pathogens directly from infected seeds, and will be an effective tool for the identification of the three pathogens in rice plants.

• Plant Resources
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2002

Genetic improvement of the cultivated soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] may be possible through hybridization with its wild progenitor, G. soja Sieb. & Zucc. Interspecific cross between G. max (Hwangkeumkong) and G. soja (IT.182932) was made in the summer of 1997. In F$_2$ the percentage of plant height, nodes per plant, and pods per plant were high but gradually reduced from F$_2$ to F$_4$. In contrast pod length, seeds per pod, and 100-seeds weight were increased gradually through generations advanced. Wild variation as evident in F$_2$ in plant height, number of branches, pods per plant, and 100-seeds weight. Twenty six percent of the F$_2$, 44 % of the F$_3$ and 60% of the F$_4$ segregants showed more G. max traits. The combination of useful traits from both species is possible through interspecific hybridization. The characters that could be transferred from wild species to cultivated species are more pod number, better capacity, and resistance to disease and insects. The interspecific derivatives offer scope for selection for high grain yield. Therefore, introducing genes from G. soja to G. max could be contribute to greater genetic diversity of future cultivars. And semicultivated soybean had some desired characteristics including tolerance to adverse environments and multi-seed characters. It means the infusing of semicultivated germplasm to the cultivated soybean could increase number of seeds and pods per plant significantly, and consequently could enhance selecting potential on yield.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1071-1076
• /
• 2004

The purpose. in this study. is to analyze liquefaction potential of Inchon International Airport at the Area Phase ' I ' for Railway Construction of all, seismic response was analyzed using the computer program, Shake91. Four methods proposed by Seed & Idriss. Eurocode, Iwasaki & Tatsuoka. and Ishihara were used for assessment of liquefaction potential and safety factors calculated form these methods are compared. Based on the results of seismic response analysis, the maximum acceleration at the ground surface is larger than that evaluated site factor effect by using site factor because these areas are composed of very loose sand clay. Especially, in the case of analysis with long period earthquake data. it is appeared that the acceleration of earthquake is amplified more largely. Therefore, accurate seismic response analysis is suggested for the design on the important structures on reclaimed land. The analytical results of liquefaction potential show that the increments of N-value and effective overburden pressure with remediation make safety factors increase. Through comparing the safety factors evaluated from four method, the safety factor calculated by See & Idriss method in the lowest one and it is found that the SPT N-value effect the safety factor very largely. And, Iwasaki & Tatsuoka method is affected by various factors such as average grain size. fine contents, confining pressure. In conclusion. to minimize earthquake Risk by liquefaction, the efficient remediation is essential and seismic response analysis should be carride out.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.432-443
• /
• 1999

The self-toughened Si3N4 ceramics where needle-like coarse ${\beta}$-Si3N4 grains were dispersed within fine-grain-ed matrix were prepared via hot-prssing at 1730$^{\circ}C$ for 2 h using 5 vol% ${\beta}$-Si3N4 whiskers as a seed. In this study the microstructures and mechanical properties of self-toughened Si3N4 ceramics were investigated. The flexural strength of self-toughened Si3N4 ceramics was increased from 600-800 MPa of the Si3N4 monolith to 830-1025 MPa. The KIC was also increased from 4.0-5.0MPa$.$m1/2 of the Si3N4 monolith to 5.8-6.5MPa$.$m1/2$.$The needle-like coarse Si3N4 grains in self-toughened ceramics were considered to induce various toughening mechanisms including the crack deflection pull-out and bridging and to contribute to KIC improvement. In ad-dition to toughening mechanisms the KIC improvement was considered to be partially indebted also to the orien-tation of large ${\beta}$-Si3N4 grains and to the promoting effect of ${\beta}$-Si3N4 whiskers on the ${\alpha}$ to ${\beta}$ transtion.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제12권6호
• /
• pp.489-501
• /
• 2002

The list of monthly offering items of the Chunshin(薦新) ceremony, the service of offering the first food product of year to ancestors, shown in the Walryong(月令) in Oreaeui(五禮儀), the book written in early years of the Chosun dynasty, was studied and classified by food group. Six kinds of the cereals and grain products - barley, wheat, an early-ripening rice plant, a barnyard millet, and millet seed were offered. The meat products offered were wild geese, pheasants, swans, hares and dried-pheasants. Though not shown in e Walryong, roe deer and deer were offered from hunting trips in e winter. Eight kinds of sea-fish, six kinds of fresh-water first and six kinds of other seafood such as crab, octopus, and squid were offered. Ten kinds of vegetables: bamboo shoots, e99plants, cucumbers, etc. - were offered. Eleven kinds of tree fruits - cherries, apricots, Pears, etc., seven kinds of citrus fruits - tangerines, citrons, etc., seven kinds of nuts - chestnuts, pine-nuts, etc. and two kinds of melons - watermelons etc. - were offered. The hi인est variety in the offering items was the fruits category The remaining offering items included wine brewed from new rice. new brown seaweed, and green tea.