• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.528-534
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• 2009

The study of germination and seedling growth characteristics of Neem under different soil and environment conditions was undertaken. The seed germination started 8 days after sowing in commercial bed soil, whereas, delayed germination was observed in sandy-loam (15 days) and sandy (19 days) soil. The highest germination (73.33%) was observed in commercial bed soil in green house, whereas, the lowest germination was observed in sandy soil (16.67%) and sandy-loam soil (8.33%). The seeds in the open field (sandy soil) also showed poor (10%) germination. The mean number of germination seed/day (GD) and seed germination vigor rate (GV) both were highest in the commercial bed soil with 0.733% and 16.67% respectively in the green house, whereas sandy and sandy-loam soil in green house and open field (sandy soil) all showed much lower GD and GV values. The seedling characteristics of nursery revealed that the seedling grown in the growth chamber in commercial bed soil was significantly higher in all the parameters comparing to others grown in green house and open field. The growth was nearly 7 fold in the chamber compared to that of the green house nursery observed in three months old seedlings. Likewise, HPLC analysis revealed that the green house grown seedling contain higher quantity of pigments compare to the chamber grown seedlings. Among the soils used the commercial soil alone or in combination with sandy and sandy-loam soil in the ratio of 2:1:1 respectively with the temperature of $27{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ showed better for Neem nursery preparation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.396-401
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• 2014

Nanomaterials have been widely used in many fields. This study investigates the effects of metal oxide nanoparticles (CuO, NiO, $TiO_2$, $Fe_2O_3$, $Co_3O_4$, ZnO) on germination and germination index (G.I.) of seeds, Lactuca and Raphanus. Under aqueous exposure, CuO on Lactuca shows the most significant impacts on activities compared to others, showing $EC_{50s}$ for germination and G.I. as 0.46 mg/L and 0.37%, respectively. The effects of nanoparticle phytotoxicity on seed Lactuca was much higher than that of Raphanus. In general, the toxicities on seed germination and germination index were as following orders : CuO > ZnO > NiO ${\gg}$ $TiO_2$, $Fe_2O_3$, $Co_3O_4$. No measurable inhibition was observed at 1,000 mg/L (maximum exposure concentration) of $TiO_2$, $Fe_2O_3$, $Co_3O_4$.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.183-189
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• 2021

We checked the emergence rate and early growth characteristics of young rice plants according to the germination length and seed damage ratio in direct seeding. The emergence rate was reduced according to the longer germination length and higher seed damage ratio. The emergence rate was further reduced under high-temperature conditions. The leaf number did not show a significant difference according to germination length and seed damage ratio. However, shoot and root dry weights were reduced according to the germination length and seed damage ratio. The root dry weight was highly correlated with the shoot dry weight. Based on these results, we concluded that a longer germination length and seed damage could induce the loss of nutrients and affect poor root growth, consequently inducing poor emergence and growth in the early growth stage of rice seeds. Therefore, in rice direct seeding, seed conditions of less than 1 mm of germination length should be checked for a sufficiently high standing rate and adequate growth characteristics after seeding.

• ALGAE
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 2007

Seagrass bed is an important component in coastal and estuarine ecosystems, providing food and habitats to a wide variety of marine organisms. Recently, seagrass coverage has declined significantly due to anthropogenic impacts such as cultural eutrophication and reclamation, and thus efforts are under way to prevent further losses and restore disturbed seagrass habitats worldwide. Seagrass transplantation techniques for habitat restoration include vegetative and seed-based methods. Seagrass seeds can be collected easily, and sowing seeds is an economically effective method for large-scale restoration. However, large numbers of seed can be lost by seed predation and physical disturbance in the planting areas. In the present study, Zostera marina seeds were coated with loess to reduce seed loss by predation and sweeping away by the water currents, and germination rates of coated seeds and seedling growth were examined to assess the feasibility of the seed-coating method for large-scale restoration. Germination rate of the coated seeds with loess was significantly higher than that of the uncoated seeds. Additionally, seedling growths were not significantly different between the coated and the uncoated seeds. These results suggest that coating of eelgrass seeds with loess enhances success of seed germintion with no harmful effects on seedling growth. Therefore, the seed coating method using loess may be an effective and applicable seedbased transplanting technique for large-scale restoration.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

Seed characteristics-weight, seed length and width, pure seed percentage are measured on 15 native herb species, and seeds of six native herb species were tested on the seedbed in the forest with autumn seeding. Seeds of 13 species including Aster scaber were very small; seed length is less than 7mm and seed width is less than 3mm pure seed percentages of 10 native herb speciesin-cluding Ligularia fischeriwere were much lower than 5％. Germination percent of five native herb species were significantly different among the growing sites. The mean germination percent was highest 47.00％ for Angelica gigas, 38.25％ for Ligularia fischeri, 30.88％ for PimPinella brachycarpa, 15.75％ for Aralia continetalis, 10.00％ for Cirsium setidens, and the lowest 9.32％ for Aster scaber.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the crossability, seed dormancy and overwintering ability of rice plant in GM (glufosinate ammonium-resistant lines. Iksan 483 and Milyang 204) and non-GM (their parents) or red rice (Andongaengmi). Seed-setting rate was not significantly different between GM and non-GM rice varieties. Iksan 483 and Milyang 204 showed the similar level of seed germination rate from 30 to 50 days after heading as compared to non-GM rice varieties. After overwintering in paddy field, seed germination rate of GM and non-GM rice varieties ranged from 14.3 % to 57.6 % in dry soil condition, but there was no germination in wet-soil except red rice. The result in wet-soil condition may help to set up a strategy for reducing the risk of gene flow of transgene via dispersal of seeds of GM plants. The crossability, seed dormancy and seed overwintering of Iksan 483 and Milyang 204, herbicide resistant GM rice varieties, were not significantly different compared to non-GM rice varieties. The results might be helpful to reduce the risk of transgene dispersal from GM crop via seeds and pollens.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.112 no.4
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• pp.442-450
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• 2023

This study sought to determine the desiccation tolerance and storage behavior of Sarcandra glabra seeds to assist in the establishment of an ex-situ conservation strategy for the species. The basic germination characteristics of S. glabra seeds were investigated. Subsequently, the seeds were dried to various desiccation levels to allow for analysis of their germination characteristics and seed integrity. In addition, the seeds were subjected to germination tests after being stored for different durations. The initial seed moisture content following the removal of the fleshy fruit was 32.8%, and the fresh seeds maintained their seed viability even after a decrease in the seed moisture content to 4.8%, while the germination percentage was 81.0%. The germination percentage of the seeds decreased to 55.0% and 30.0% when they were desiccated to moisture contents of 2.3% and 2.2%, respectively. By contrast, when the stored seeds were desiccated, they maintained their seed viability and vigor at a moisture content of 18.6%; however, when the moisture content decreased below 5.0%, both the seed viability and vigor significantly declined and the germination percentage fell below 20.0%. Furthermore, analysis of the seed leachate revealed that the decrease in the seed viability and vigor was associated with both increased electrical conductivity and increased concentrations of inorganic compounds such as potassium and calcium. In conclusion, the findings of this study show S. glabra seeds to possess desiccation tolerance that falls somewhere between the recalcitrant and intermediate seed types, with the observed variations depending on the degree of deterioration.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.235-240
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• 2016

Factors affecting germination of seeds in the forms of various environment and chemical compounds. The present study was aim to produced effective seed propagation method of Astilbe koreana (Kom.) Nakai which had expected high value for the cut flower, ornamental and pharmaceutical material. Seed width and length ranged 0.62, 2.22 ㎜, respectively, and weight of thousand seeds was 40.5 ㎎. As result of imbibition test, showed moisture content of fresh seed (2.57%) increased rapidly by water-soaking treatment under 24 hours, recording to maximum value of 29.8%, and expansion of the seed coat was observed. Seed germination was the best at 15℃ and light conditions (40.8%) among temperature and light conditions treated. Percent germination of seeds was improved under the low (15, 20℃) than high temperature (25, 30℃). In addition, the seed was not germinated at dark condition regardless of temperature. Seeds of A. koreana thus seemed that it had low temperature germinability conditions. To improve germination rate, seeds were submerged in various concentrations of growth regulators such as GA₃ and kinetin, and minerals as KNO₃ and KCl. As a results, KNO₃ treatment, regardless of concentrations, promoted germination compared to control. Especially, percent of germination (77.8%), germination energy (96.1%), mean germination time (11.3 days) and T₅₀ (6.5 days) were effectively improved by treatment of KNO₃ 20 mM.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2009

Seed priming is a useful technique for rapid and uniform seed germination as well as early seedling establishment. This experiment was conducted to find out the optimum condition for Sorbus alnifolia seed priming with four concentrations of four reagents in germination property and seedling growth performance. The results are summarized as follows: Percent germination (PG) varied 2.67% to 24.67%, and S. alnifolia seeds had the highest PG in the treatment that were primed in 100mM $KNO_3$ solution for 2 days. Mean germination time was the shortest in 200 mM $KNO_3$ solution for 2 days. Seed priming with $KNO_3$ solutions increased germination speed (GS) and germination performance index (GPI) compared with non-primed seeds. Especially seed primed with 100 mM $KNO_3$ solution for 2 days showed the highest GS and GPI. The highest relative growth rate (RGR) and seedling vigor index (SVI) was significantly (p<0.05) different from the control and other treatments, respectively. RGR of height (0.0071) and root collar diameter (0.0141) of seedling from primed seeds were the highest in 400 mM NaCl solution for 2 days. The highest SVI (5.43) was observed in the seedlings from seeds primed in 100 mM $KNO_3$ solution for 2 days. Consequently, the optimum reagent and concentration were $KNO_3$ and 100 mM for the effective germination and seedling growth in S. alnifolia

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.195-201
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the suitable conditions for seed germination of Rosa davurica PALL. In the characteristics of the fruit and seed of Rosa davurica, fruit length and width was 1.3cm and 0.9cm , respectively, and seed number was eighty-nine. Artificial and low temperature storage at 4$^{\circ}C$ increased the rate of split achene pericarp until 46.6% and storage at 15$^{\circ}C$ incubator decreased the rate of split achene pericarp (10.5%). The rate of seed germination of split achene pericarp in control at 15$^{\circ}C$ was 90% and of non-split achene in GA$_3$100ppm at 15$^{\circ}C$ was 36.8%. Average germination day of split achene pericarp seeds in GA$_3$150ppm at 2$0^{\circ}C$ was 4.2 days and non-split achene pericarp in GA$_3$100ppm at 2$0^{\circ}C$ was 7.3 days. Seed germination was not different between various concentrations of GA$_3$ treatments in split achene pericarp seeds but the rate of germination was more reduced in high concentration of 200ppm. Only the treatments of GA$_3$ was increased germination rate at 4$^{\circ}C$ and immature seed of Rosa davurica.