• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.329-337
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• 2002

최근까지 지반의 액상화 저항강도를 산정하기 위한 실내시험의 대부분은 실지진하중을 재하하기보다는 Seed와 Idriss(1975)가 제안한 등가전단응력 개념에 기초하여 지진이 발생시키는 최대전단응력의 65%를 최대진폭으로 한 정현하중을 반복재하시켜왔다. 이러한 정현하중이 정확하게 실제 지반에 작용하는 불규칙한 지진력을 모사하고 있다고 볼 수 없으나, 시험상의 편의성으로 인해 현재까지도 이용이 빈번한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 실제 지진하중 하에서 포화 사질토의 거동변화를 규명하고자 정현하중이 아닌 불규칙한 지진하중을 이용한 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 다양한 지진규모의 실지진 시간이력을 진동하중으로 작용시킨 진동삼축시험을 통해 지진규모 및 지속시간의 변화에 따른 포화사질토의 동적 특성을 실험적으로 규명하고 기존의 등가전단응력 개념에 기초한 액상화 저항강도와 비교분석하였다. 또한, 중약진 지진대로 구분되는 국내 실정을 고려하여 다양한 지진규모에 적용가능한 수정계수를 제시하고 이를 기존의 연구결과와 비교분석하였다.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2000년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Spring
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• pp.141-150
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• 2000

In this study liquefaction hazard potential was assessed by modified Seed and Idriss method and maps of liquefaction hazard potential utilized by LPI(Liquefaction Potential Index) and FE(Equivalent Liquefaction Factor of Safety) were constructed in two dimensional space, Comparisons of liquefaction hazard maps assessed by LPI and FE are represented to verify the FE method proposed in this study. Based on the results of comparing liquefaction hazard map using LPI and FE there is similar distribution trend of zonation indices. from the result of comparison of liquefaction hazard maps of FE base using Hachinohe and ofunato PGA(Peak ground Acceleration) data at one site of port and harbor in Korea the values of FE in liquefaction hazard map using Hachinohe data are underestimated. And in the view of quantitative analysis FE is more convenient than LPI because types of results from FE are factor of safety that widely used in geotechnical practice and aseismic design standard for port and harbor in Korea.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.1246-1249
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• 2009

Liquefaction hazard caused by earthquake is the damage in a wide range. Until now, liquefaction hazard potential at a small area or most structure in Korea was assessed by modified Seed & Idriss method. However, it has been known that this method is not proper for metropolitan area due to a lot of time and data to perform the related ground response analyses such as Shake program. For these reasons, the current method has been used facilities or structures, not metropolitan area. In this study, several contents in seismic design of Eurocode and Korean seismic design standard for Port and Harbor were introduced and applied for assessing the liquefaction potential and mapping the liquefaction hazard by LPI(Liquefaction Potential Index). Finally, Ulsan metropolitan city was practically drawn in two dimensional space.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.59-70
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• 2005

A series of resonant column test was performed to investigate the dynamic deformation characteristics of silty sand soils mixed with polypropylene fibrillated type fiber. Results show that optimum mixing ratios were $0.2\%$ for 19mm of cut fiber for shear modulus and $0.1\%$ for 60mm cut fiber fur damping ratio. As shear strain was increased, normalized values of shear modulus (G(Reinforced)/ G(Unreinforced)) of fiber reinforced soil were increased up to $10^{-3}\%\~10^{-1}\%$ ranges. However, normalized damping ratio (D(Reinforced/D(Unreinforced)) was diminished with an increase in strain beyond $10^{-3}\%\~10^{-1}\%$ for the damping capacity of soils mixed with fiber. Normalized shear modulus $(G/G_{max})$ obtained from the test was plotted in the chart suggested by Seed and Idriss. The shear modulus of silty sand was located between sand and gravel curves.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2002년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.67-74
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• 2002

An experimental assessment on the dynamic behavior of saturated sand which can consider the irregular characteristics of earthquakes was proposed. The equivalent uniform stress concept presented by Seed and Idriss has been applied to evaluate the liquefaction resistance strength to simplify earthquake loading. However, it was known that the liquefaction resistance strength of soil based on the equivalent uniform stress concept can't exactly mirror the dynamic characteristics of the irregular earthquake motion. In this study, estimation of the criterion of the liquefaction resistance strength was determined by applying real earthquake loading to the cyclic triaxial test. From the test results, relationships between excess pore water pressure and the earthquake characteristics such as magnitude or duration were determined. Magnitude scaling factors to determine the soil liquefaction resistance strength in seismic design were also proposed.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 항만 및 어항시설의 내진설？준서에서 채택하고 있는 수정 Seed와 Idriss 방법을 이용하여 액상화 평가를 수행하고 액상화 가능지수(liquefaction potential index, LPI)와 등가 액상화 안전율(FE)을 이용하여 액상화 가능성에 대한 구역도를 작성하였다. 이 두결과가 유사한 것으로 나타나 등가 액상화 안전율의 적합성을 확인하였다 국내 연안의 두지역에 대하여 Hachinohe 지진기록과 Ofunato 지진기록을 이용한 액상화 가능성 구역도를 FE를 이용하여 작성한 후 비교한 결과 Hachinohe 지진기록에 의한 액상화 가능성 구역도가 더 과소평가되는 경향을 보이는 것으로 나타났다 또한 FE는 안전율의 형태로 표현되었기 때문에 구역도 작성과 해석에 편의 성을 제공하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1528-1537
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is investigated the method for estimation of the liquefaction on the reclaimed land, located in Incheon and assessed the ability of liquefaction under the condition of criteria, which is the magnitude '6.5' of seismic on the basis of the domestic seismic characteristics. Performed not only field test but the experiment as well to study how the fine content would affect into the dreging and reclaimed land and also estimated the safety factor through the empirical method and anticipated detail method based on the results. Within the reclaimed land, there are many sized soils which are almost extended from well-graded silty sand(SM) to poor-graded fine grained sand, and which have the condition, so called, the liquefaction which is easily to bring into under the circumstances within the ground. However, partly, now that the soil is mixed with silt and silty clay which include the content of fine grained dust quite a bit, the difficulties and inconveniences has been expected while trying to find the ratio of cyclic resistance, but finally Seed and Idriss method showed the most way when we estimate the safety factor on the liquefaction.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.455-464
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• 2024

Seismic movements have varying effects on structures based on characteristics of local site. During an earthquake, weak soils are susceptible to damage due to amplified wave amplitudes. Soil-structure interaction issue has garnered increased attention in Türkiye, after devastating earthquakes in Kocaeli Gölcük (1999), Izmir (2020), Kahramanmaraş Pazarcık and Elbistan (2023). Consequently, liquefaction potential has been investigated in detail for different regions of Türkiye, mainly with available field test results. Çankırı, a city located close to North Anatolian Fault, is mainly built on alluvium, which is prone to liquefaction. However, no study on liquefaction hazard has been conducted thus far. In this study, groundwater level map, SPT map, and liquefaction risk map have been generated using Geographical Information System (GIS) for the Buğday Pazarı District of Çankırı province. Site investigations studies previously performed for 47 parcels (76 boreholes) were used within the scope of this study. The liquefaction assessment was conducted using Seed and Idriss's (1971) simplified method and the visualization of areas susceptible to liquefaction risk has been accomplished. The results of this study have been compared with the City Council's precautionary map which is currently in use. As a result of this study, it is recommended that minimum depth of boreholes in the region should be at least 30m and adequate number of laboratory tests particularly in liquefiable areas should be performed. Another important recommendation for the region is that detailed investigation should be performed by local authorities since findings of this study differ from currently used precautionary map.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.569-576
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• 2003

Based on the equivalent uniform stress concept Presented by Seed and Idriss, sinusoidal cyclic loads which simplified earthquake loads have been applied in evaluating the liquefaction resistance strength experimentally. However, the liquefaction resistance strength of soil based on the equivalent uniform stress concept can not exactly reflect the dynamic characteristics of the irregular earthquake motion. The liquefaction assessment method which was invented by using the equivalent uniform stress concept is suitable for the severe earthquake region such as Japan or USA, so the proper method to Korea is needed. In this study, estimation of the resistance to liquefaction was conducted by applying real earthquake loading to the cyclic triaxial test. From the test results, the characteristics of the fine sand under moderate earthquake were analyzed and compared with the results under strong earthquakes. Typically real earthquake loads used in this study are divided into two types - impact type and vibration type. Furthermore, results of the liquefaction resistance strength based on the equivalent uniform stress concept and tile concept using real earthquake loading were compared.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.23-33
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• 1994

서해안 사질토매립지반을 대상으로 지진응답해석 및 반복삼축압축시험 결과를 통하여 지진 및 예측방법에 따른 액상화특성에 대하여 검토하였다. 지수응답해석 결과, 입력지진과 지반특성에 따라 지표면에 도달하는 최대가속도의 크기가 다르게 나타남을 알았으며 간역예측법으로 해안매립지반의 액상화 평가시 적용 가능한 지진계수를 제시하였다. N치가 작고 느슨한 상부층에 대한 액상화강도는 반복삼축압축시험 결과에 비하여 Seed법에 의한 결과가 작게 나타났고 Iwasaki 방법과 S파속도 이용법은 크거나 유사한 결과를 얻었다. 또한 간역예측법들은 상세법에 비해 액상화 가능성을 과대 평가하는 경향이 있었으며 액상화 한계심도(안전율 1일때)는 입력가속도(0.1g-0.2g)에 따라 7m-14m정도로 추정되었다.