• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2006

The impermeable seed coat is valuable trait in soybean because impermeable seed retain viability for longer period than permeable seed under adverse conditions such as delayed harvest or prolonged storage. Soybean seeds of various size showing different seed hardness were examined for their water absorption and seed viability under adverse storage conditions. Of one hundred thirty nine genotypes, eight types of seeds having different seed hardness and seed size were used as material. Soybean genotypes showing high hard seed rate, GSI13125 (89%), GSI10715 (54%), and GSI10284 (42%), were slow in water absorption and low in the electroconductivity of seed leachate in distilled water. Germination of GSI10284 and GSI13125 that have higher hard seed rate was less affected by CSVT and artificial aging treatment indicating higher seed storability. The higher storing ability of both collections was confirmed by electroconductivity test for leachate. GSI10122 showed low seedling emergence when the seeds were artificially aged. This genotype was considered as to having a poor storing ability based on difference of electroconductivity before and after artificial aging. Among tests conducted in the experiment, CSVT could be used for determining storage life in legumes. In conclusion, water absorption property of seed was strongly related to the hardness that is directly related to the seed viability and storing ability in soybean seed.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.139-150
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• 1993

대두의 대소입종간 종자활성의 차이를 구명하고자, 대소입종 간 발아생리의 차이를 조사함과 더불어 종자활성에 관련된 물리 화학적 특성 및 생리적현상을 연구하였던 바 그 주요한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 종실의 구성비율에 있어서 소립종군은 종피율이 7.9～9.9%, 유근의 비율은 2.5～3.3%이었고, 대립종군은 종피율 5.5～6.4%, 유근의 비율 1.5～2.1% 정도로써 소립종이 자엽에 대한 종피 및 유근의 비율이 훨씬 높았다. 2. 종피의 두께는 대소입종간 차이가 없었으며, 종실의 단백질, 가용성 질소 및 지방함량등의 차이는 나타나지 않았으나, 종피의 탄수화물, 종피의 조섬유함량과 침종후 종실 경도는 소입종에서 높은 경향을 보였다. 3. 표재 발아력에서는 대소입종 간 차이가 뚜렷하지 않았으나, 노화 처리후 대소입 간 발아력 처리는 현저하여, 소입종들은 47～80%의 발아율을 보인 반면 대입종에 있어서는 14～24% 범위의 낮은 발아율을 나타내었다. 4. 침종 24시간 후 자엽손상도에 있어서는 소엽종군은 0～16%, 대엽종군으니 16～40%의 자엽 손상율을 보였다. 5. $25^{\circ}C$에서 6기간 침종시킨 다음 풍건장능에서 12시간 방치하였을 때 소입종자는 침종전에 비해 25.5%의 수분만을 더 보유하고 있는 반면 대입종은 51% 내외의 수분을 함유하고 있어 소입종의 수분 방출 능력이 크게 높음을 알수 있었다. 6. 용출 물질 전도도에 있어서는 대입종에서 현저히 높았고, 가용성 당과 질소의 용출량 역시 대입종이 높게 나타났으며, 침종용액의 pH는 대입종이 낮은 경향을 보였다. 7. 저장 기간에 따른 대소입종 간 용출물질 전도도의 차이는 보이지 않았으나 18개월 저장후 소입종은 60～96%의 출현율을 보인 반면, 대입종은 출현율이 22～48%에 불과하였다. 8. 동일 품종의 대소입간에도 소입이 더 높은 종자 활성을 나타내는 경향을 보였다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2006

Five seed samples of carrot were tested to detect Alternaria spp. by blotter method. A. alternata and A. radicina were detected from all the seed samples as high as $25.8-70.5\%$ and $37.5-63.5\%$, respectively. A. dauci was detected from four seed samples as low as $0.5-7.5\%$. The three Alternaria spp. were detected from the pericarp and the seed coat and endosperm of the carrot seeds but not from the embryo by component plating test. A. alternata and A. radicina were much more detected from the pericarp than the seed coat and endosperm. A. dauci was detected from the pericarp and the seed coat and endosperm at similar rate. The seed sample which was most severely infected with A. radicina showed the lowest rate of germination in the test on top of paper (TP). In the TP test, differences in total infection rate of A. radicina and A. dauci of the seed samples were very closely correlated with those in incidence of seedling rot on the seed samples. However, there was no correlation between infection rate of A. alternata and rate of germination or seedling rot of the seed samples. Soil test for seedling growth revealed that there was no correlation between differences in total infection rate of A. radicina and A. dauci and those in rate of normal seedlings of the seed samples.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2007

[ $Pt/SBT/Seed/Pt/Ti/SiO_2/Si$ ]의 구조로 $SBT(SrBi_2Ta_2O_9)$ 박막을 Self-seed layer를 사용하여 R.F. Magnetron sputter를 이용하여 증착을 하였다. Self-seed layer는 기판온도 RT(room temperature)와 $600^{\circ}C$에서 두께 30 nm으로 증착하였다. Self-seed layer의 결정화 온도를 알아보기 위해 열처리온도를 변화시켰고 이를 XRD를 통하여 결정화 유무를 확인하였다. Self-seed layer 위에 증착한 SBT를 XRD와 전기적 측정을 통해 특성을 관찰하였다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2011

Color, lipid and fatty acid composition, and tocopherols and polyphenols contents of perilla seed lipids in response to seed germination were studied. Perilla seeds were germinated at $30^{\circ}C$ in the dark for 12, 36, or 48 h, after which total lipids were extracted by the Folch method using chloroform and methanol (2:1, v/v). Seed germination resulted in a decrease in yellowness and greenness in perilla seed lipids, but there were no significant changes in composition of the lipids including major neutral lipids (>90%). Contents of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in the perilla seed lipids significantly increased in response to germination. Linolenic acid (>63%) was the most abundant fatty acid. Seed germination tended to decrease the relative content of linolenic acid and increase the contents of oleic and stearic acids. Contents of antioxidants, especially ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and polyphenols, increased in response to seed germination. As the germination period was extended, the antioxidant content increased. Therefore, increases in useful components, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, and polyphenols contents by seed germination can contribute to the improvement of perilla seed utilization in food industry.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.295-315
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• 1986

Structure and differentiation mechanism of the seed coat of Panax ginseng are studied with light and electron microscopes to clarify the developmental processes of seed coat and the structural changes during the differentiation of the seed. The seed coat of ginseng is differentiated from the inner cell layers of ovary wall, which can be compared with the seed coat differentiated from integument(s) in other plants. The single integument is differentiated into endothelium, which is degenerated to one layer of 4${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in thickness, composed of remants of cell wall components in fully ripened seed. The ripened seed coat is composed of three layers; fringe layer, inner layer and palisade layer, and all of the them are crossed at right angles with one another. This may be the cause of protection of the kernel from other mechanical injuries. The thickness of fully ripened seed coat is about 300~600 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, and arrangements of sclereids are irregular. However, the raphe region of seed coat is thin about 200 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in thickness and sclereids in that region are arranged regularly. This is the important cause for the cleavage of the seed coat during post-maturation process. The vascular bundles on the raphe are still remaining after sarcocarps are removed, and one of the branches of vascular bundles entered into the seed coat through the hilum and extended to chalazal region. During post-maturation process, the supply of water being necessary for growth of embryo may be accompolished by the vascular bundles entered into the seed coat through the opened hilum.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권spc호
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• pp.6-8
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• 2011

In order to produce the organic foods in accord with international standard, organic seeds should be used in organic farming. This study was conducted to establish the stable production of organic seed of waxy com by examining the growing characteristics, seed yield, and the economy for seed production by organic farming. The optimal sowing timing for organic seed production of waxy com hybrid was within 10 days of the $1^{st}$ of May with yield of 88~90% of conventional seed production. The optimal planting density was 41,600 plants/ha ($80{\times}30$ cm) for organic seed production of waxy com. The weight of 100 seeds and seed productivity increased at the planting ratio of 2:1 mother plant:male plant. Growth and seed production were improved by removing male plant at 7~10 days after silking. Organic fertilizer (mixed oil cake) was applied at a rate of 4~6 Mg/ha before sowing. Black plastic mulching was used for weed control. In addition, sex pheromone trap and bio-control agents were used for safe pest control and low labour cost.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.102-109
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• 2023

The basic information of ovule and seed characteristics was investigated for five monotypic and endemic genera in the Korean peninsula as categorized by the Flora of Korea category. The carpels and seeds were sectioned with a rotary microtome. Mature seeds were coated with platinum using an ion sputter and observed using a scanning electron microscope. As a result, Abeliophyllum was found to be anatropous and a unitegmic ovule, with a slightly colliculate seed surface and exotestal seed coat type. The ovule of Coreanomecon was anatropous and bitegmic, having a distinct echinate seed surface, and exo-endotestal seed coat type with a prismatic crystal in the mesotesta. The ovule of Hanabusaya was anatropous and a unitegmic, with a long reticulate seed surface sculpture, and distinct exotestal seed coat type. In addition, a wing developed at the opposite side of the raphe bundle. Megaleranthis was an anatropous and bitegmic ovule, having a small pentagonal disk shape, a concave seed surface and exotestal seed coat type. Finally, Pentactina was also anatropous and a unitegmic ovule, reticulate seed sculpture, and endotestal seed coat type. These data will be proving to be a source of good information for securing bio-sovereignty in the near future.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.403-411
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• 2009

수박에서 종자크기가 다른 각 계통들간의 종자특성과 종자크기의 변화에 따른 과특성을 살펴보기 위해 수박 유전자원 353 점을 대상으로 종자의 크기를 조사하고 6가지 대표적인 종자크기 형으로 분류하였으며 종자크기가 큰 순서부터 giant seed(GS), big seed(BS), medium size(NS), small size(SS), micro seed(MS), tomato seed(TS)라고 명명하였다. 종자크기가 작아질수록 종장, 종경이 작아졌고, 종자 모양은 큰 변화가 없지만 과당 종자수는 많아지고, 과당 종자중은 감소하였다. 종자크기가 과중, 발아율, 48시간 발효처리 후 발아에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해 종자크기가 NS형인 수박 계통 'NT'로부터 종자크기형이 각각 SS, MS, TS인 3계통의 near isogenic line(NIL)s과 'S55'로부터 종자크기형이 TS인 1계통의 NIL을 육성하였다. 종자크기가 상이한 NIL간의 과중을 조사한 결과 NS, SS, MS형에서는 각각 과당 6.4, 6.3, 5.9 kg으로 유사하였고, TS인 경우에는 4.2 kg으로 급격히 줄어들었다. 종자크기형이 NS인 계통들에서는 양호한 발아율을 보였지만, TS인 경우에는 매우 낮은 발아율을 보였으며, 48시간 발효처리에 의하여 TS 계통들에서 발아율 증가가 관찰되었지만 여전히 낮은 발아율을 보였다. 전체 종자중에 대한 배와 종피의 무게 비율을 보면 NS, SS, MS의 경우에는 50% 이상의 배 비율을 보였지만, TS의 경우에 44.4%의 비율을 보여 이로 인해 낮은 발아율을 보이는 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구를 통해서 수박에서 다양한 종자크기의 유전변이가 존재함을 알 수 있었고, TS는 종자크기 뿐 아니라 과중 또한 작은 특성을 가지고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.324-330
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• 2012

In this study, ${\beta}$-carotene concentrations was determined in soybean cultivar according to seed size, usage, seed coat color and cotyledon color as well as the process of seed germination. The total average concentration of ${\beta}$-carotene was $6.6{\mu}g/g$ in soybean seed, $33.3{\mu}g/g$ in soybean sprout. According to seed size, the total ${\beta}$-carotene concentration of soybean was $6.9{\mu}g/g$ in large soybean seed, $6.7{\mu}g/g$ in medium soybean seed, and $6.31{\mu}g/g$ in small soybean seed. In soybean sprout, the total ${\beta}$-carotene concentration was $21.4{\mu}g/g$ in large soybean sprout, $30.5{\mu}g/g$ in medium soybean sprout, and $43.5{\mu}g/g$ in small soybean sprout. According to the utilization of seed, the total ${\beta}$-carotene concentration of soybean seed was $7.2{\mu}g/g$ in cooked with rice soybean seed, $6.1{\mu}g/g$ in paste and curd soybean seed, and $6.3{\mu}g/g$ in sprout soybean seed. In soybean sprout, the total ${\beta}$-carotene concentration was $25.9{\mu}g/g$ in cooked with rice soybean sprout, $32.4{\mu}g/g$ in paste and curd soybean sprout, and $41.9{\mu}g/g$ in sprout soybean sprout. When comparison with seed coat color, the total ${\beta}$-carotene concentration of soybean with brown seed coat ($8.8{\mu}g/g$) was slightly higher than those of soybean with yellow ($6.1{\mu}g/g$). In soybean sprout, the total ${\beta}$-carotene concentration was $21.8{\mu}g/g$ in black seed coat sprout, $38.7{\mu}g/g$ in brown seed coat sprout, $34.1{\mu}g/g$ in green seed coat sprout, $39.5{\mu}g/g$ in yellow seed coat sprout, and $30.5{\mu}g/g$ in mottle seed coat sprout. The results of this study suggested the functional characteristics of soybean through quantitative analysis of ${\beta}$-carotene.