• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.17-30
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• 2009

Paleostudies using lake sediment are essential to reconstruct environmental history of cental Mexico, where few documents on ancient civilizations and the colonial period exist. This study aims to reveal changes in the soil erosion rates through the calculation of sediment influx into the lake. The calculation is based on different kinds of chronologies and LOI. Sediment influx and dates for important events could be obtained in great detail through various chronological methods. Results show that corn agriculture was the most important reason to degrade the environmental status of the lake basin and European cattle raising was not much influential within the lake basin at least. It was possible to reveal a lot of recent environmental changes in detail, because the lake sediment used for this study has a very high sedimentation rate. Also, due to an accurate chronological framework, fundamental problems with the sediment were solved and reliable results could be produced.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.549-552
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• 2019

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminth parasitic infections and associated risk factors for the human infection among the people of Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Infection status of helminths including Echinococcus granulosus was surveyed in domestic and wild animals from 4 sites in the Samarkand region, Uzbekistan during 2015-2018. Fecal samples of each animal were examined with the formalin-ether sedimentation technique and the recovery of intestinal helminths was performed with naked eyes and a stereomicroscope in total 1,761 animals (1,755 dogs, 1 golden jackal, and 5 Corsac foxes). Total 658 adult worms of E. granulosus were detected in 28 (1.6%) dogs and 1 (100%) golden jackal. More than 6 species of helminths, i.e., Taenia hydatigena, Dipylidium caninum, Diplopylidium nolleri, Mesocestoides lineatus, Toxocara canis, and Trichuris vulpis, were found from 18 (1.0%) dogs. Six (T. hydatigena, Toxascaris leonina, Alaria alata, Uncinaria stenocephala, D. caninum, and M. lineatus) and 2 (D. nolleri and M. lineatus) species of helminths were also detected from 5 Corsac foxes and 1 golden jackal, respectively. Taeniid eggs were found in 2 (20%) out of 10 soil samples. In the present study, it was confirmed that the prevalences of helminths including E. granulosus are not so high in domestic and wild animals. Nevertheless, the awareness on the zoonotic helminth infections should be continuously maintained in Uzbekistan for the prevention of human infection.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.187-193
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• 2022

The positive rate of Clonorchis sinensis is the highest among intestinal parasites in the Republic of Korea (Korea). More than 1.2 million people were at risk of C. sinensis infection in Korea in 2012. An intensive control program is being implemented for residents of the 5 major river basins to reduce helminthic infections, including C. sinensis infection. This study evaluated the continuous intensive control program for parasitic diseases including clonorchiasis in areas near the 5 major river basins in Korea over the past 10 years (2011-2020). A total of 335,020 fecal samples (one sample per resident) prepared by the modified sedimentation technic were microscopically examined. Those who expelled helminth eggs were treated with anthelmintics through local health centers and re-examined 3 months later. The overall positive rate of helminths egg was 7.1%. The annual positive rates were dramatically decreased from 14.4% (2011) to 5.9% (2020). The egg positive rate was highest in C. sinensis (5.3%), followed by heterophyid flukes (1.5%) and Trichuris trichiura (0.2%). The prevalence of C. sinensis was significantly higher in males (7.6%) than in females (3.7%), and the highest in the 50-59 years (7.0%) age group. Our results are beneficial to establish prevention and control policies against helminthiases including clonorchiasis in endemic areas in this country.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.267-274
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• 1996

This study was performed to observe the present status of intestinal parasitic infections among the children in Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea. During the period from February to June 1996, total 510 fecal samples(male 276, female 234) were collected and examined by formalin-ether sedimentation technique and trichrome stain for intestinal helminths and protozoan cysts. Of 510 samples examined, 62(12.2%) were positive for intestinal parasites. Helminth egg positives were 3(0.6%), and protozoan cyst positives were 59(11.6%). The female group showed higher positive rate(13.2%) than males(11.2%), and the highest positive rates were observed in 7 age group(17.5%), and lowest positive rates were 4 age group(9.5%). 3 species of helminths egg and 6 species of protozoan cyst were detected; Metagonimus yokogawai 0.4%, Enterobius vermicularis 0.2%, Trichuris trichiura 0.2%, Endolimax nana 4.1%, Entamoeba coli 3.9%, Ciardia lamblia 2.0%, Entamoeba histolytica 1.4%, Iodamoeba butschilii 0.8%, and Chilomastix mesnili 0.4%, respectively. In 3 helminth egg positive cases, single infection was 2(66.7%), and double infection 1(33.3%), among 59 protozoan cyst positives, single infection was 54(91.5%), and double infection was 5(8.5%). The highest positive rate of protozoan cyst was 7 age group(14.3), and lowest positive rate was 4 age group(9.5%).

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.289-291
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• 2008

The Tamjin River which flows from Jangheung-gun via Gangjin-gun to the South Sea was reported to be a highly endemic area of Metagonimus yokogawai infection in 1977 and 1985. However, there were no recent studies demonstrating how much change occurred in the endemicity, in terms of prevalence and worm burden, of metagonimiasis in this river basin. Thus, a small-scale epidemiological survey was carried out on some residents along the Tamjin River basin in order to determine the current status of M. yokogawai infection. A total of 48 fecal samples were collected and examined by the Kato-Katz thick smear and formalin-ether sedimentation techniques. The egg positive rate of all helminths was 50.0%, and that of M. yokogawai was 37.5%, followed by C. sinensis 22.9% and G. seoi 4.2%. To obtain the adult flukes of M. yokogawai, 6 egg positive cases were treated with praziquantel 10 mg/kg in a single dose and purged with magnesium sulfate. A total of 5,225 adult flukes (average 871 specimens per person) of M. yokogawai were collected from their diarrheic stools. Compared with the data reported in 1977 and 1985, the individual worm burdens appeared to have decreased remarkably, although the prevalence did not decrease at all. It is suggested that the endemicity of M. yokogawai infection along the Tamjin River has been reduced. To confirm this suggestion, the status of infection in snail and fish intermediate hosts should be investigated.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1072-1079
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• 2015

The lees of Korean traditional wine called as Jubak or Sul-jigemi in Korea is byproduct from alcohol fermentation industry, which is remnant of fermentation broth after filtration, centrifugation, distillation, or sedimentation during aging. Since, Korean traditional wines are produced from edible plant sources such as rice, foxtail millet, fruits and medicinal herbs with nuruk (a traditional fermentation starter and starch degrader), the Jubak from rice wine (takju), medicinal herb wine (yakju) and fruits wine are considered as safe byproduct and have various useful bioactivity. Considering the recent rapid increased production of Jubak from takju industry, and the reinforcement of dispose of Jubak as waste material in worldwide, the development of efficient reuse process for Jubak is necessary in traditional wine industry. In this review, the status of current industry, research and patent trends in relation with Jubak production, treatment, utilization and renewal was analyzed and different bioactive compounds including phenolic acids from Jubak were provided. Jubak is not any more waste material, and is the source of bioactive functional materials for food, cosmetics and medicinal industry. To develop the efficient and economic renewal technology including recovery process for bioactive substances from Jubak, systematic collaboration and research among the industry, academy and government is necessary.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 2010

Infection status of intestinal flukes was investigated in residents of Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, the Republic of Korea. Total 1,257 fecal samples of residents were examined by formalin-ether sedimentation technique and Kato-Katz thick smear method. Helminth eggs were detected from 95 (7.6%) residents, and eggs of heterophyid flukes and Clonorchis sinensis were found from 62 (4.9%) and 40 (3.2%) cases, respectively. The larger heterophyid eggs, somewhat darkbrown in color and $37.7{\times}21.5{\mu}m$ in average size, and found in 32 (2.6%) out of 62 egg positive cases of heterophyid flukes. To confirm the adult flukes, we performed worm recovery from 12 cases after praziquantel treatment and purgation with $MgSO_4$. A total of 1,281 adult flukes, assigned to 7 species, were recovered from 9 cooperative cases. Heterophyes nocens (total 981 specimens) was collected from 9 cases, Stictodora fuscata (80) from 7, Gymnophalloides seoi (75) from 5, Pygidiopsis summa (140) from 3, Stellantchasmus falcatus (3) from 2, and Stictodora lari and Acanthotrema felis (each 1 worm) from 1 case each. The intrauterine eggs of S. fuscata collected from the recovered worm were identical with the larger heterophyid eggs detected in the stool examination. By the present study, it was confirmed that A. felis is a new intestinal fluke infecting humans, and residents in Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do are infected with variable species of intestinal trematodes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.357-365
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• 2002

A survey was under taken of six district of Northern India viz. Bareilly, Pilibhit, Udham Singh Nagar, Nainital, Almora and Rampur. The age, breed, sex and physiological status recorded. A total number of 854 cattle examined out of which lactating (274 cases), non lactating (302 cases) heifers (128 cases), calves (82 cases) and adult male (68 cases) were examined. An incidence of 4.92 percent (42) of microfilarisis was recorded. The highest prevalence was observed in Rudrapur District of Udham Singh Nagar (33.33%, 4/12), followed by Lalkaun in Nanital District (21.74%, 10/46), Rampur (12.50%, 2/16), Bareilly (8.16%, 8/98) and Pilibhit (1.22%, 1/82). No infection was observed in Almora region. Amongst 854 cattle of different group incidence was highest in adult male (12.20%, 10/82), followed by non lactating (3.82%, 12/314) and lactating (2.70%, 2/74), (7.64%, 12/157) was found in Heifers. For haemeto-biochemical, serum minerals estimations and therapeutic study 32 animals suffering from filariasis and 18 healthy animals were taken. 16 animals were treated with ivermectin $@200{\mu}g/kg $ body weight. Effect of this disease on production has also been estimated for which body weight and milk production was observed. The main clinical manifestations observed were anaemia, loss of appetite, debility, oedematous swelling especially in the abdominal region, increased heart rate, and respiration rate. Haematological changes indicated decrease in hemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, erthrocyte fragility and neutrophil, whereas there was significant increase in erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR), total leukocyte count (TLC), lymphocyte and eosinophils. Biochemical changes showed significant reduction in the values of serum albumin, A : G ratio, where as there was significant increase in blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), globulin, total lipid, total cholesterol, phospholipids, serum bilirubin. Serum mineral profile also altered markedly, which indicate a significant decrease in Ca, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn with increase value of Na and Cl. There was no significant change in P and K values. Enzyme pattern in micro filaria infected animal indicated increased level of AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, ornithine carbamyl transferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, isocitric dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase. In blood gas values and acid/base balance, there was an increase in $PVCo_2$ and $PVo_2$. It has been observed that microfilaria infected cattle showed decrease in body weight and milk production. Animal treated with ivermectin showed the return of these above values toward normalcy.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.13-24
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• 2011

The renowned Terzaghi's one-dimensional consolidation theory is not applicable to quantification of time-rate settlement for highly deformable soft clays such as dredged soil deposits. To deal with this special condition, a non-linear finite strain consolidation theory should be adopted to predict the settlement of dredged soil deposits including self-weight and surcharge-induced consolidation. It is of importance to determine the zero effective stress void ratio ($e_{00}$), which is the void ratio at effective stress equal to zero, and the relationships of void ratio-effective stress and of void ratio-hydraulic conductivity for characterizing non-linear finite strain consolidation behavior for deformable dredged soil deposits. The zero effective stress void ratio means a transitional status from sedimentation to self-weight consolidation of dredged soils. In this paper, laboratory procedures and equipments are introduced to measure such key parameters in the non-linear finite strain consolidation analysis. In addition, the non-linear finite strain consolidation parameters of the Incheon clay and kaolinite are evaluated with the aid of the proposed methods in this paper, which will be used as input parameters for the non-linear finite strain consolidation analyses being performed in the companion paper.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.539-544
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• 2017

Background We conducted this study to identify factors that may prolong the length of the hospital stay (LHS) in patients with diabetic foot (DF) in a single-institution setting. Methods In this single-center retrospective study, we evaluated a total of 164 patients with DF, and conducted an intergroup comparison of their baseline demographic and clinical characteristics, including sex, age, duration of diabetes, smoking status, body mass index, underlying comorbidities (e.g., hypertension or diabetic nephropathy), wound characteristics, type of surgery, the total medical cost, white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and albumin, protein, glycated hemoglobin, and 7-day mean blood glucose (BG) levels. Results Pearson correlation analysis showed that an LHS of >5 weeks had a significant positive correlation with the severity of the wound (r=0.647), WBC count (r=0.571), CRP levels (r=0.390), DN (r=0.020), and 7-day mean BG levels (r=0.120) (P<0.05). In multiple regression analysis, an LHS of >5 weeks had a significant positive correlation with the severity of the wound (odds ratio [OR]=3.297; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.324-10.483; P=0.020), WBC count (OR=1.423; 95% CI, 0.046.0-356; P=0.000), CRP levels (OR=1.079; 95% CI, 1.015-1.147; P=0.014), albumin levels (OR=0.263; 95% CI, 0.113.3-673; P=0.007), and 7-day mean BG levels (OR=1.018; 95% CI, 1.001-1.035; P=0.020). Conclusions Surgeons should consider the factors associated with a prolonged LHS in the early management of patients with DF. Moreover, this should also be accompanied by a multidisciplinary approach to reducing the LHS.