• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.341-345
• /
• 1992

The tuber of Pinellia ternata Breitenbach(Araceae), which is distributed in Korea, China, and Japan, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine. The prescription containing Pinellia tuber shows anti-emetic, sedative, and anti-tussive effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pinellia ternata tuber on the xylazine-induced emetic and sedative responses in cats. The results were as follows ; 1. Intramuscular injection of xylazine hydrochloride(1.0mg/kg) reliably evoked vomiting with an incidence of 100% and sedated with a mean sedation time of 34.22 min. 2. The xylazine-induced emetic and sedative responses were not prevented by oral administration of powder (0.5g/head), decoction ($1.0m{\ell}/100g$), and methanol extract ($0.1m{\ell}/100g$) of the Pinellia ternata tuber. 3. The xylazine-induced emetic and sedative responses were inhibited by intravenous injection of decoction($0.3m{\ell}/100g$) of the Pinellia ternata tuber. 4. The xylazine-induced emetic and sedative responses were inhibited by intravenous injection of a combined mixture of yohimbine hydrochloride(0.125mg/kg) and 4-aminopyride(0.3mg/kg).

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.209-216
• /
• 1989

In order to investigate sedative action of detomidine and its effect on physical signs, hematological and blood chemical components, 15 Holstein cattle were used. The dosage of detomidine was 25 ${\mu}$g/kg and 50 ${\mu}$g/kg. Blood was collected before injection, 30, 60 and 120 min. after injection. Induction time of sedation in a cattle given with 25 ${\mu}$g/kg and 50 ${\mu}$g/kg of detomidine was 10.6${\pm}$2.8. 7.6${\pm}$1.0min. respectively and maintenance time was 70.4${\pm}$8.3, 86.5${\pm}$9.9, respectively. After injection of detomidine, body temperature was slightly increased, heart rate and respiratory rate were slightly decreased. The levels of red blood cell, hemoglobin, packed cell volume and white blood cell were not changed by detomidine. Blood glucose level following detomidine was markedly increased but total protein, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were not changed. This results indicated that detomidine was useful sedative in bovine practice.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.53-63
• /
• 1971

A water-soluble basic extract was obtained from Zizyphi spinosi semen and tested on its sedative and psychotropic activities. In a 2.2m $\times$ 2.2m $\times$ 0.8m open-field, the effect of the extract on unlearned emotional responses of mice was determined. Intraperitoneal injection of 5mg/kg, 10mg/kg, and 20mg/kg of the extract caused to show less often the frequency of ambulation, rearing and exploration and more the frequency of lying and sleeping than that of placebo control, meprobamate and chlordiazepoxide treated groups. In a standard shuttle box, the effect of the extract on learned emotional responses was determined. Intraperitoneal injection of 10mg/kg of the extract caused to show less conditioned response, secondary conditioned response and defecation than either placebo control or pre- and post-treated sessions with the extract throughout the acquisition and extinction of conditioned avoidance response. Intraperitoneal injection of 10mg/kg of the extract showed similar sedative actions with that of 1.25mg/kg of chlorpromazine. The extract shows major tranquilizer-like effect as chlorpromazine.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.28 no.7
• /
• pp.770-774
• /
• 2005

This study investigated the stimulative or sedative effects of inhaling fragrant essential oils (EOs) by using a forced swimming test (FST) with mice. This behavioral test is commonly used to measure the effects of antidepressant drugs. The inhalation by mice of EOs, such as ginger oil (p<0.05), thyme oil (p<0.05), peppermint oil (p<0.05), and cypress oil (p<0.01) resulted in 5% to 22% reduction of immobility. The same results were achieved when over-agitation was artificially induced in the mice by an intraperitoneal injection of caffeine (a psycho-stimulant). In contrast, inhalation of some EOs by the mice resulted in increased immobility. To evaluate more correctly the sedative effects of EOs, the immobility of over-agitated mice induced with caffeine was ascertained after the inhalation of various EOs. Inhalation of lavender oil (p<0.01) and hyssop oil (p<0.01) increased the immobile state in mice that were treated with caffeine. The results of this study indicate that the inhalation of essential oils may induce stimulative or sedative effects in mice.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.49-52
• /
• 1984

Ponies were administered at the level of 0.1mg per kg of body weight of acetylpromazine malate through the jugular vein. Sedative effect, clinical signs such as body temperature, and changes of red blood cell counts and serum glucose concentration were investigated. Sedation was induced 5 to 6 minutes after injection of acepromazine and sedative effect was lasted for 30 to 40 minutes. Responsive reactions, however, to external stimuli were remained. Change of body temperature was not observed and heart beat was increased at the stage of induction and respiratory rate was decreased during the sedative period. Red blood cell count was considerably decreased during sedation, and concentration of serum glucose showed a tendency to increase gradually from the induction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
• /
• 2006.05a
• /
• pp.136-136
• /
• 2006

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.205-225
• /
• 1996

This study has been carried out to investigate the effects of Youngyanggaksan (YGS) extract on the anticonvulsive, antipyretic, anlgesic, sedative and GABAergic system of experimental animals. The results of this study were as follows : 1. YGS extract prolonged significantly the beginning time to convulsion and time to death induced by strychnine. 2. YGS extract prolonged significantly the time to death induced by electrical shock of ECT unit (3sec, 200F, 25mA). 3. On the experiment of hypothermic effects of YGS extract on the rectal temperature of rats, YGS extract decreased significantly the rectal temperature of rats. 4. On the experiment of antipyretic effects of YGS extract on the febrile induced by the subcutaneous injection of $150{\mu}g/kg$ endotoxin in rats, YGS extract decreased significantly the rectal temperature of rats. 5. On the experiment of analgesic effects of YGS extract on the writhing syndrome induced by intraperitoneal injection 0.7% acetic acid 1ml/100g in rats, the writhing syndrome was reduced significantly by administration of YGS extract. 6. On the experiment of sedative effects of YGS extract on spontaneous motor activity measured by wheel cage method in mice, the spontaneous motor activity was reduced significantly by administration of YGS extract. 7. On the experiment of effects of YGS extract on the activity of GABA-transaminase(GABA-T) in rat brains after 21 days of oral administration of YGS extract, the activity of GABA-T was reduced significantly by administration of YGS extract. 8. On the experiment of effects of YGS extract on the activity concentration of GABA in rat brains after 21 days of oral administration of YGS extract the activity concentration of GABA was reduced significantly by administration of YGS extract. 9. On the experiment of effects of YGS extract on the activity of GAD in rat brains after 21 days of oral adminstration of YGS extract, the activity of GAD was reduced significantly by administration of YGS extract. According to the those results, Youngyanggaksan extract reveals the effects on the anticonvulsive, antipyretic, anlgesic, sedative and GABAergic system.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
• /
• v.49 no.6
• /
• pp.334-338
• /
• 2000

Even though it is not practical, yet there is a trend of the researches related to the anesthesia on the determination of depth of anesthesia and level of consciousness in the view point of neurophysiological aspects. That is, quantification of physiological signals which represent human brain function and pharmacological response could be used to find the level of consciousness based on the changes in physiological signals. This research was performed to analyze the relationship between parameters extracted from LAEP(long latency auditory evoked potential) and the amount of sedatives injected to the patients. Seventeen patients were participated for the experiment. Two different sedatives, midazolam and diazepam, were injected intramuscularly, and LAEPs caused by 1KHz and 2KHz auditory tone bust were obtained. It was found that amplitude of extracted parameters from LAEP, N100 and P300, were reduced as dose of sedatives were increased. Results of this study could be used for extracting more meaningful index and establishing algorithm for predicting changes of level of consciousness induced by sedatives.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.263-271
• /
• 2005

To compare the sedative effects using intermittent intravenous bolus injection with tiletamine-zolazepam (n = 5, TZ group), xylazine-ketamine (n = 5, XK group) and propofol (n = 5, PI group), we investigated the changes of hemodynamic (heart rate, arterial pressure), $SpO_2$, rectal temperature, respiratory rate and pain score during 60 minute sedation and 40 minute recovery period in beagle dogs. The value of rectal temperature was significantly higher in PI groups (p<0.05) during recovery period. The value of heart rate was significantly lower in XK group (p<0.05) during sedation. The changes of respiratory rate were similar tendency in all groups. The change of $SpO_2$ was stable during sedation and value was significantly higher in PI group (p<0.05) during recovery period. The value of systolic arterial pressure (SAP) was significantly lower in XK group (p<0.05) than PI group during sedation and recovery period. Low analgesic effect occurred in PI group. We concluded that intravenous anesthesia by intermittent bolus injection with propofol is useful in stabilizing rectal temperature, $SpO_2$ and hemodynamic during sedation and provide fast recovery, but have low analgesic effect.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.226-232
• /
• 2012

This study was performed to evaluate the sedative and analgesic effects of intravenous (IV) administration of detomidine (D) and tramadol (T) to horses. Six warmblood horses each received D (10 ${\mu}g/kg$), T (2 mg/kg), and a combination of DT (10 ${\mu}g/kg$ and 2 mg/kg). No significant differences in the heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, indirect arterial pressure, and gastrointestinal motility between D and DT were observed. The sedative effect was evident within 5 min after D and DT administration, but no significant difference between D and DT was observed. D and DT induced a similar analgesic effect up to 50 min after injection and DT maintained a longer analgesic effect than D. A significant increase in blood glucose was shown for D after the injection, but not for DT. A horse with T and DT showed an excited behavior within 5 min of the injection. This study suggests that the DT combination could be used for diagnostic procedures and simple surgeries in standing horses, with caution for excitement in the early phase after the administration.