• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.9D no.2
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• pp.235-242
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• 2002

We propose an advanced transaction scheduling protocol for concurrency control of multilevel secure databases in wireless mobile network environment. Wireless communication is characterized by frequent spurious disconnections. So short-lived transaction must quickly access database without any delay by long-lived one. We adapted two-phase locking protocol, namely traditional syntax-oriented serializability notions, to multilevel secure databases in wireless mobile network environment. Altruistic locking, as an advanced protocol, has attempted to reduce delay effect associated with lock release moment by use of the idea of donation. An improved form of a1truism has also been deployed for extended a1truistic locking. This is in a way that scope of data to he early released is enlarged to include even data initially not intended to be donated. Our protocol is based on extended altruistic locking, but a new method, namely bi-directional donation locking for multilevel secure databases (MLBiDL), is additionally used in order to satisfy security requirements and concurrency. We showed the Simulation experiments that MLBiDL outperforms the other locking protocols in terms of the degree of throughput and average waiting time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.305-310
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• 2004

The building below standard scales to be built only by constructive report to authorities. Construction law 8 illustrates that supervision should be deployed in all the construction sites at the building which is found to have more than 3 floors and also to have more than $200m^2$ of total squares in especially outside area of city plan zone. Such a small construction is have a important and the most basic meaning. Many problems were found to occur in all the constructive places which were out of the limit of this law. The construction sites were found to be controlled by public official's visiting without supervisors and designers of architecture. Technique of construction in architecture was found to be not different from that of 1980. The security of employees in construction on sites has a serious problem. Because of choosing all the materials of the building without a reasonable point. All the building were found to have a law material about inside and outside aspects. The purpose of this study are to examine existing law about a small project and than to analyze the situation of constructive control through questionnaires and interviews with all the supervisors. Based on the data base of engineers who had a great experience in construction sites, The purpose of this study is also to suggest and advise the method of controlling all the items in architecture through on and off line.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.43 no.9 s.351
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• pp.105-119
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• 2006

The car navigation system to be accompanied to the car on-board equipment system or the development of mobile communication technique, the demand in information communication which connects an interior and the car outside is coming to be high, As applications, ETC/VISC/AHS classes get deceived supply are advanced. The research of DSRC radio systems actively, with medium of communication between the automobile and road, is advanced. DSRC radio systems are appropriate in massive data transfer, in the case which the traffic accident evasion is urgent, the notarization of the preferential control function which is necessary to a medium of communication, guarantee and security are suitable in the high-speed network. Accompanied to the cellular phone which is to be supplied recently suddenly, By complementing and coexisting each other, and it will be developed simultaneously. However, in a connection of this kind of communication system and high-speed DSRC radio system, Hand-over technique (network, radio transmission hand-over), there is a technical subject of the high-speed transmission techniques against the mobile devices and the realization is expected to be difficult in near, until 2010 year is becoming the plan of putting to practical use. Also as the next generation DSRC with 5.8GHz built-on board equipment and the road-side equipment are expected in near. In this paper DSRC systems which will be developed are discussed.

• 모자간호학회지
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.38-48
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• 1993

This study was done to suggest modification in the present hospital policy for Labour and Delivery which separates women in labour from their families. The design for study was a descriptive study. The number of subjects consisted of 82 postpartum women who had delivered within 12 hours and for whom there were no complications either for the mothers or for the newborns. Data collection was done with a structured questionnaire which was analyzed using frequencies and percentiles. The results of this study are as follows : 1. Most of subjects (90.2%) wanted their family to participate in the labour process. Husband were chosen as the primary participant(79.3%). The number of subjects who wanted their family to support them through the whole labour process (35.4%) was the highest, followed by, during labour(32.9%), as contrasted to, during delivery (1.2%). 2. Support from husband during pregnancy ranged from 55.6%-87.6% for all items. Primary support was from husband during the pregnancy. 3. The subjects wanted support from their families in labour by way of encouraging(84.1%), consolidating(81.7%), changing position(43.9%), maintaining relaxation(35.4%) and helping with respiration control (29.3%). The results showed higher support on the emotional level than the physical and informational level (26.8%). 4. The subjects answered that they expected that participation by their family during the labour process would have the effect of increasing security for the women in labour(79.3%), providing a better relationship between the family and the women in labour (57.3%) and the newborns(34.1%), and making for an easier labour courses (23.2%). 5. The priority of family members that the subjects wanted support from was, the husband, mother and mother-in-law in that order. It can be concluded that nurses help to maintain a management policy in the maternity setting which ignores the needs of the women in labour. If consideration is to be given to these subjects, future programs should include participation by the family in the labour process.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2315-2317
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• 2012

Background: Use of smoke-less tobacco (SLT) is very common in South and South-East Asian countries. It is significantly associated with various types of cancers. The objectives of this study were to assess the proportion of hospital staff that use SLT, and to identify the factors associated with its use and their practices. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 560 staff of two tertiary care hospitals were interviewed in the year 2009. Nurses, ward boys and technicians were counted as a paramedic staff while drivers, peons, security guards and housekeeping staff were labeled as non-paramedic staff. SLT use was considered as usage of any of the following: betel quid (paan) with or without tobacco, betel nuts with or without tobacco (gutkha) and snuff (naswar). Results: About half (48.6%) of the hospital staff were using at least one type of SLT. Factors found to be statistically significant with SLT were being a male (OR=2.5; 95% CI=1.8-3.7); having no/fewer years of education (OR=1.7; 95% CI=1.2-2.4) and working as non-paramedic staff (OR=2.6; 95% CI=1.8-3.8). Majority of SLT users were using it on regular basis, for > 5 years and keeping the tobacco products in the oral cavity for >30 minutes. About half of the users started due to peer pressure and had tried to quit this habit but failed. Conclusion: In this study, about half of the study participants were using SLT in different forms. We suggest educational and behavioral interventions for control of SLT usage.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.187-196
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• 2016

Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) considering evapotranspiration and precipitation is generally used to quantify the drought severity. Also, Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) has been frequently used in the arid regions which is suffering severe droughts, but drought analysis in association with RDI has been the focus of few studies in South Korea. Therefore, this study compared two meterological drought indices based on precipitation and evapotranspiration using Thornthwaite, Hargreaves, and Blaney-Criddle evaportranspiration calculation methods. Meteorological data of sixteen weather stations which are operated by Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) were used to quantify drought and to compare characteristics of drought for the Han River Basin from 1992 to 2015. As a result, in case of Han River Basin, severe drought sharply increased in recent years. While the correlation coefficients are relatively high between the SPEIs and RDIs, the drought severity and year of severe drought are partially different. Therefore, it is necessary that RDI will be also measured to quantify severity and occurrence year of drought.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.57
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• pp.69-83
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• 2012

This paper attempts to explore the development of the media labor movement and its tasks. Due to the unique characteristics of information delivered by media, the media labor movement under the authoritarian regime was oppressed and regulated by the government. As democratization has proceeded, the state's oppression and regulation of media has been weakened. However, media workers should wage the struggle for union recognition and independence of editorship simultaneously. Because media unions as labor market organizations also seek for job security and wage increase, we need to understand both political dimension and economic dimension of union activities in media industry. While state's control over media has been diminished in the late 1900s, competition in media industry has been intensified. As small number of media corporations monopolizes the media market, the ecology of media has been completely transformed. Unions in media industry should respond to the change of the media ecology and should build solidarity among media workers at the same time. The achievement of the public nature of media as a part of democratization and building union federation of media industry as a response to the marketization of media still remain as an epochal task for media unions. Like the case of "Hope Bus" in the strike in Hanjin Heavy Industrial Corporation, solidarity between citizens and striking workers should be strengthened.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.622-633
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• 2015

With recent news reports on violent crimes committed by foreigners, public hatred toward foreign criminals and fear about such crimes are growing, calling into question public safety measures implemented by the police and the immigration system. At the same time, due to globalization and structural changes in the labor market, it is certain that the influx of migrant workers will continue to increase. Against this backdrop, this paper seeks to examine the current status of foreign nationals staying in Korea and their criminal records focusing on Suwon city, and propose public safety measures the police could take with regard to crimes committed by foreigners. Also, the paper looks into public safety measures of the Korea Immigration Service and Suwon city, and suggests short- and long-term measures to prevent crimes committed by foreigners. The paper begins by examining the current public safety measures of the police and Suwon City concerning crimes committed by foreign nationals residing in Korea. Based on such examination, it points out insufficient patrol and investigation personnel as problems, and recommends short- and long-term measures for future improvement. This paper maintains that for the Korean society to successfully deal with the increasing number of foreigners in Korea, the current immigration system and public safety measures of the police will have to change. While the police alone cannot reduce the crime rates at local and national levels, nonetheless, proactive measures by the police are needed given the growing number of migrant workers and immigrants in Korea. Also important are mindset changes not only of relevant authorities, but also of the public. The paper recommends a set of short-and long-term public safety measures the police should institute to efficiently deal with crimes committed by foreigners.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.249-256
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• 2012

ePUB is one of the most pervasive eBook formats since it was announced as a 2009 standard in IDPF(International Digital Publishing Forum). ePUB is compressed as a ZIP Archive format and structured as a standard format of OCF. Domestically and internationally, eBook services applying DRM into ePUB have currently been active, while it does not satisfy various needs from business because it does not support preview service which is due to the encryption of the whole ePUB as a single key. This study suggests a way to apply diverse business models by providing eBook content based on ePUB multiple key encryption method, not by encrypting it simply as a single key. The encryption method which applies a multiple key encryption method is suggested as a practically appliable form together with licence issuing and delivery method and decryption method in eBook readers. The multiple key encryption method suggested in this study will make it possible to support partial preview services of ePUB based eBook content. It will be applied to diverse service models and enhance the security level better then single key based encryption method.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.1
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• pp.163-191
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• 1989

The accident of the midair collision, passengers' falling or goods' dropping occurs or supersonic aircraft make a sonic boom during their conveying passengers or goods to the destination. The accident in transmit damages the their parties on the surface or their properties. In these cases, the third parties who were harmed to their lives or properties have the right to claim damages against the air carrier who caused them. These matters have become one of the important things since aircraft conveyed passengers and goods. Therefore, it is a great concern to settle these matters by law. But the Safety of the present aircraft has been much increased and the aircraft have become larger in size. Its flight altitude became higher than before. So the relationship of the aircraft to the third parties is much different from that of the earlier aircraft. The air transport is now indispensable to our life. It is not so easy to control these matters. In the early part of 20th century, when the third parties suffered the damage, many European countries made laws on the basis of the principle of liability without fault. But each country had a variety of its own law, and different kinds of difficulties have been brought about. Accordingly, the Rome Convention on Surface Damage (1933, 1952, 1978) has been made and revised. In spite of being revised, it contains many problems, and is not carried into effect world-wide. On the other hand, there are no regulations about the compensation of the third parties damaged in Korean existing laws. In case the damage is brought about to them, it is obviously true that the settlement of the liability of compensation for damage should be made by the general principle on the tort in domestic laws. At this point, it is urgent that we make a special law though the domestic legislation as a preliminary measure before we sign the international convention to save third damaged. It is desirable that we should, for the responsibility of the air carriage for the demage of the third parties on the surface, bring in the theory of the absolute liability in view of the legislation of many conutries. As the aircraft fly in the sky, their flight always contains some danger. It is very difficult to prove the fault, and the operator should suffer the principle of liability without fault or the similiar one. In case the liability without fault will be imposed upon the operator for the damage of the third parties, it is necessary to bring in the liability protection system for the protection and up upbringing of the air carriage. The Burden of danger of the air carriage will be reduced by introducing the system. A domestic legislation measure should be necessarily taken as soon as possible as a legal security measure on these matters.