• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.86-98
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• 1996

This study is intended to revaluate old tree, five of the shot of the Natural Monument and 66 shot trees under protection in the city at present. The study covers distribution, management of usage, investigation and research into various matters relating to the situation of old trees in Pusan. Because 60% of the old trees selected for protection is on private land, citizens have difficulty gaining access to them. Also space for growth is impinged on by various urban facilities. Some trees have problems of growth because the land is covered with cement and asphalt. As regards space for old trees, many places have been destroyed due to the lack of protection fences and the failure to establish a guidance board. Only 40% of the space has been set aside for rest. In these places the establishment of rest areas, benches and handy chairs is needed. And there are 20 holy places where people observe religious ceremonies. As for space security necessary for old trees according to trunk width, the minimum trunk width and availale area needed are more than 1:1.5, but less than 30% have the necessary space. The growth of many old trees is threatended because of the small apace for growth. The prescription of the boundary space is divided between inside and outside. This indicates the domain nature and space rank of the old tree. It can be classified into five forms for research purposes. The elements for prescription of critical space outside are connected with the security of space, and the elements relating to inside space portray the conditions for sensitive growth according to the institution and the ground conditions. The open and closed nature of old tree space has some connection with the relationship between usage and the intimacy of the user. Most of the spaces for old trees can't be used or are difficult to gain access to, so it is necessary to secure enough space for them. The 18 places, despite having easy access, are near farmland, hills or forest. So the intimacy factor is low, and the security of space of the old trees is not generally sufficient. Henceforth, it will be necessary to have security of area for old trees as well as maintenance control to protect them. Also the space should be used as a communal and recreation are in the city. It is the time to construct a landscaped area which people can easily approach, a place with a secure entrance where they can play, rest and converse.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.44 no.9
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

For an efficient implementation of cryptosystems based on arithmetic in a finite field $GF(2^n)$, their hardware implementation is an important research topic. To construct a multiplier with low area complexity, the divide-and-conquer technique such as the original Karatsuba-Ofman method and multi-segment Karatsuba methods is a useful method. Leone proposed an efficient parallel multiplier with low area complexity, and Ernst at al. proposed a multiplier of a multi-segment Karatsuba method. In [1], the authors proposed new $MSK_5$ and $MSK_7$ methods with low area complexity to improve Ernst's method. In [3], the authors proposed a method which combines $MSK_2$ and $MSK_3$. In this paper we propose an efficient multiplication method by combining $MSK_2,\;MSK_3\;and\;MSK_5$ together. The proposed method reduces $116{\cdot}3^l$ gates and $2T_X$ time delay compared with Gather's method at the degree $25{\cdot}2^l-2^l with l>0.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.66-83
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• 2002

The economic feasibility analysis including benefit-cost ratio and internal rate of return of a land consolidation and on-farm development project was mainly depended upon the direct benefits and costs arising during project life. Therefore the projects were neglected in allocating the government's financial funds and loans on account of the low economic rate of return of the project. Accordingly the extended benefit-cost analysis method should be introduced and adapted to cover not only the benefit s such as non-market values of environmental and food security fun ct ions of the project but also market values of the project outputs. The main purposes of this study are (1) to prepare a guide line for economic feasibility analysis based on the IBRD and ADB guidelines, (2) to estimate the benefits from productivity increase, labor saving, savings of O&M cost of farm mechanization and project facilities, savings of farmer's burden for their public health, increasing environmental and public functional value of paddy fields, improving food security condition and formation of peaceful and uncontroversial rural society by implementing the land consolidation and on-farm development, (3) to introduce the newly adapted analytical method as the extended benefit cost analysis which could make possible to be included the values of non-market goods such as the food security and the environmental public function of paddy fields. To carry out this study, the existing publications on the guidelines for economic agricultural projects were reviewed and consultation was made with a For the post evaluation study of the land consolidation and on-farm development project, field survey in Jigok and other comparative area were made to get available information. According to the project completion report, Jigok land consolidation and on-farm development project has 55ha of benefit area out of 69ha of gross area. The project was started in November 11th, 2000 and completed october 30th, 2001. The total project costs were amounted to 2,548 million won and the annual project benefits were estimated at 335million won evaluated by domestic market prices. The ERR(Economic Rate of Return) and SRR(Social Rate of Return) of the project based on the shadow pricing system were estimated at 4.4% and 16% respectively. On the other hand, the ERR and SRR based on the domestic market value system were amounted to 6.37% and 14.62%. In conclusion, Korean land consolidation and on-farm development projects have not carried out from the view point of economic rate of return under shadow pricing system but from the view point of domestic pricing system. For the future feasibility studies on land consolidation projects have to be carried out including the non-market values as environmental and food security function of the projects.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.100-106
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• 2018

Since the concept of virtual currency called Bitcoin was announced in 2008, the blockchain technology, which is the basis of Bitcoin, is attracting attention as an important platform technology in the era of the 4th industrial revolution that can change our society in the future. Although Existing electronic financial transactions store and manage all transaction history at a reliable central organization such as government and bank, blockchain-based electronic financial transactions are composed of a distributed structure in which all participants participating in the transaction store and manage the transaction history, it is possible to secure transaction transparency while reducing system construction and operation costs. Besides the virtual currency that started with bit coins, the technology of these blockchains has been extended in various fields such as smart contracts and document management. The key technology area of this blockchain is security based on proven cryptographic technology to make it difficult to forge and hack, but there are security risks such as security vulnerabilities in the virtual currency trading service, We will discuss security risks in using virtual currency and discuss countermeasures. Especially security accidents of virtual currency exchanges are occurring frequently recently, the damage of users who trade the virtual currency is also increasing, we propose security threats and security countermeasures against virtual currency exchanges.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.34
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• pp.57-88
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• 2013

The study aims at identifying, through structure model, the relationship characteristics between a private security company and its service customer as well as the relationship between the service quality and the consumer behavior, thereby providing the practical services that may attract new customers and maintain the existing customers in the competition to survive in the same industry and also may raise the loyal customer base, providing academic fundamental data to set up aggressive relationship marketing strategies. To achieve such purposes above, the research was conducted with 229 subjects, the users of a private security company's service as the employees of the stores located in Cheonan area, using the convenience sampling. The data was treated, using the statistics program, SPSS Windows 18.0 Version for frequency analysis and reliability analysis. Additionally, the confirmative factor analysis and covariance structural analysis were made, using AMOS 18.0 Version. Through the data analysis following the research methods above, the conclusion was acquired as follows: First, the relationship characteristics of a private security company makes influence on service quality. Second, the service quality of a private security company makes influence on consumer behavior. Third, the relationship characteristics of a private security company makes influence on consumer behavior. Fourth, the service quality makes an influence as the mediate effect between the private security company's relationship characteristics and consumer behavior.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.14
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• pp.449-464
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• 2007

The Guard might focus on a king's personal safety in the wake of the system of the Silla and Taebong dynasties until the establishment of the Goryeo Dynasty's unique political system. The purpose of this research is to examine gob characteristics and organizational effectiveness of security guard on martial arts of security service guard. The subjects of this study are private guard as working security companies of Seoul and Kyongi area and 250 persons. It was a method of questionnaire for this study and used a questionnaire developed by Hackman and Oldham(1976) for gob characteristics and used a questionnaire developed by Tymon(1988) for organizational effectiveness that translated and modified from Kim, Ilsoon and measured by 5 point likert. It used to analyze the data for one-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. There are conclusions of this study. First, there was a partially difference on god characteristics and organizational effectiveness of population statistical character. Depending on sex, 'female' group was high, depending on the age, '46 year-old+ group' was high, depending on the educational level, 'bachelor group' was high, depending on the income, '400manwon+ group' was high. Second, it becomes positive result to the period, the frequency and the intensity of security martial arts practice. Third, it happened that gob characteristics is increase and organizational effectiveness is also positive way.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.29-36
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• 2018

Purpose - Research on community empowerment based on superior commodities to improve the economic resilience of the tourist village of Lumajang Regency is an investigative descriptive study to obtain an overview of the problems of community economic development, especially regarding economic resilience. The output of this research activity is the formation of integrated and comprehensive strategic programs and activities in order to improve economic empowerment and food security of the community around the tourist village. Research design, data, and methodology - This research method applies several methods of analysis such as the Loqation Quotion (LQ) method, SWOT analysis, Trend analysis, and analysis of Community Economic Empowerment in the agricultural sub-sector. Results - This research has strategic values and objectives in addition to providing important information to improve food security of tourism villages in Lumajang district in particular and disadvantaged communities in Indonesia in general. Through this supportive community economic empowerment programs, Lumajang District has an agricultural area and at the same time as a nature-based tourism area that supports it. Conclusion - Village tourism community empowerment activities are taken based on existing superior commodities. The existing tourism village program in Lumajang district can be used as one of the references for the upcoming tourism village program.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.75-80
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• 2015

Vulnerability management is in compliance with security policies, and then, this is to ensure the continuity and availability of the business. In this paper, the application vulnerability management and IT infrastructure of the system is that it must be identified. And a viable vulnerability management plan should be drawn from the development phase. There are many that are not defined vulnerability in the area of identification and authentication, encryption, access control in identification and classification of vulnerabilities. They define the area without missing much in technical, managerial, and operational point of view. Determining whether the response of the identified vulnerability, and to select a countermeasure for eliminating the vulnerability.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1583-1593
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• 2015

This study applied the BSC performance consulting experience and diverse variable factors and whether there any differences in terms of satisfaction and the relationship between the support for the government consulting firm specializing in human resources by the resident of the innovation cluster area was investigated through empirical research. According to the study, a new high in recent local government support Consulting Consulting satisfaction by professionals residing in the area that applies to industrial clusters leads to practical consultancy, which was being evaluated as a significant boon to real performance of the company.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.495-505
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the relation between farmers' syndrome and the quality of life of residents in suburban areas. Methods: A total of 994 subjects were selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected from June 25 to August 31, 2007. Data analysis included frequency, $X^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient using SPSS Win 12.0. Results: 1. Analysis of farmers' syndrome showed that there were statistically significant differences according to age, gender, education, living with, family conversation, health security, monthly income, occupation, general health status, systolic blood pressure, and sleeping time. 2. Analysis of the qualify of life showed that there were statistically significant differences according to age, education, religion, family conversation, health security, monthly income, occupation, and sleeping time. 3. Farmers' syndrome was in a significantly negative correlation with quality of life. Conclusions: Considering the results above, we need to develop nursing interventions for decreasing hypertension, high blood sugar, and farmers' syndrome of residents in suburban area.